Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate complex healthcare interventions - A case study

Pharmacy World and Science

Volumn 26, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 247-252

  Wong, Ian Chi Kei ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Medical Research Council; Medicine management; Methodology; MRC framework; Pharmaceutical care; Randomised clinical trials; United Kingdom

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFIDENTIALITY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; ELDERLY CARE; GENERAL PRACTICE; HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PHARMACEUTICAL CARE; PHARMACY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW;

GREAT BRITAIN; HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH; HUMANS; PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS;

EID: 4644318987     PISSN: 09281231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:PHAR.0000042920.34663.04     Document Type: Review

References (28)

1. Zillich AJ, Ryan M, Adams A, Yeager B, Farris K. Effectiveness of a pharmacist-based smoking-cessation program and its impact on quality of life. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22: 759-65.
2. Kennedy DT, Giles JT, Chang ZG, Small RE, Edwards JH. Results of a smoking cessation clinic in community pharmacy practice. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash) 2002; 42: 51-6.
3. Sinclair HK, Bond CM, Lennox AS, Silcock J, Winfield AJ. Training pharmacists and pharmacy assistants in the stage-of-change model of smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial in Scotland. Tobacco Control 1998; 7: 253-61
4. MRC Health Services and Public Health Research Board. Framework for development and evaluation of RCTs for complex interventions to improve health. Medical Research Council 2000. http://www.mrc.ac.uk/pdf-mrc_cpr.pdf (12 March 2004).
5. Anon. Minster launches Barking's medicines project for the elderly. Pharm J 2002; 268:197.
6. Anon. Aberdeen group to lead research into medicines management in community pharmacies. Pharm J. 2001; 266: 349.
7. Anon. Medical Research Council supports randomised pharmaceutical care trial. Pharm J 2001; 266: 801.
8. Cipolle RJ, Strand LM, Morley PC. Pharmaceutical care practice. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. ISBN 0070120463.
9. Barber N. Pharmaceutical care and medicines management - is there a difference? A welcome debate. Pharm World Sci 2001; 23: 210-1.
10. Kennie NR, Schuster BG, Einsarson TR. Critical analysis of the pharmaceutical care research literature. Ann Pharmacother 1998; 32: 17-26.
11. Department of Health. Medicines and older people - implementing medicines-related aspects of the NSF for older people. London: HMSO 2001 (http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/06/ 72/47/04067247.pdf).
12. Hepler CD, Strand LM. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm 1990; 47: 533-42.
13. Ferner R. Is concordance the primrose path to health? BMJ 2003; 327: 821-2
14. Bowling A. Research methods in health. Investigating health and health service. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press 2002. ISBN 0335206433
15. Robson C. Real World Research. A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers. Oxford: Blackwell 2001. ISBN 0631176896.
16. Sitthiworanan C, Wright D, Silcock J, Tweddell S, George B, Wong I et al. Pharmaceutical care planning in elderly nursing homes. An International Congress on Clinical Pharmacy: Documenting the Value of Clinical Pharmacy Service. April 11-14 1999, Orlando, Florida: American College of Clinical Pharmacy, European Society of Clinical Pharmacy.
17. Needham DS, Wong ICK, Campion PD. Evaluation of the effectiveness of UK community pharmacists' interventions in the community palliative care. Palliative Med 2002; 16: 219-25.
18. Department of Health. Pharmacy in the future - implementing the NHS plan. London: HMSO, 2000 (http://www.dh.gov.uk/ assetRoot/04/06/82/04/04068204.pdf).
19. Cook TD, Campbell DT. Quasi-experimentation: design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1979. ISBN 0395307902.
20. Bernsten C, Bjorkman I, Caramona M, Crealey G, Frokjaer B, Grundberger E et al. Improving the well-being of elderly patients via community pharmacy-based provision of pharmaceutical care: a multicentre study in seven European countries. Drugs Aging 2001; 18: 63-77.
21. Plumridge RJ, Wojnar-Horton RE. Review of the pharmacoeconomics of pharmaceutical care. Pharmacoeconomics 1998; 14: 175-89.
22. Mahnnheim L. Health services research clinical trials: issues in the evaluation of economic cost and benefits. Contr ClinTrials 1999; 19: 149-58.
23. Altman DG. Designing research. Practical statistics for medical research, 1st ed London: Chapman & Hall, 1991; 74-103. ISBN 0412276305.
24. MRC working group. Personal Information in Medical Research. Medical Research Council 2000. http://www.mrc.ac.uk/pdf-pimr.pdf (12 March 2004).
25. Ukoumunne OC, Gulliford MC, Chinn S, Sterne JAC, Burney PGJ. Methods for evaluating area-wide and organisation-based interventions in health and health care: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 1999; 3: 1-110.
26. Donner A, Birkett N, Buck C. Randomisation by cluster. Sample size requirements and analysis. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 114: 906-9
27. Zermansky AG, Petty DR, Raynor DK, Freemantle N, Vail A, Lowe CJ. Randomised controlled trial of clinical medication review by a pharmacist of elderly patients receiving repeat prescriptions in general practice. BMJ. 2001; 323: 1340-3.
28. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain & King's Fund. A new age for pharmacy practice research: promoting evidence-based in pharmacy. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1997.