The diagnosis and management of snakebite in dogs - A southern African perspective

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

Volumn 75, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 7-13

  Leisewitz, A L ^a   Blaylock, R S ^b   Kettner, F ^a   Goodhead, A ^a   Goddard, A ^a   Schoeman, J P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^b GOLD FIELDS LIMITED   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Dog; Snakebite; Southern Africa

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ATROPINE; BUPRENORPHINE; CORTICOSTEROID; FIBRIN; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GLUCOCORTICOID; HEPARIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MORPHINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PENTOBARBITAL; PEPSIN A; PROPOFOL; SNAKE VENOM; SNAKE VENOM ANTISERUM; STEROID; VENOM ANTISERUM;

ANAPHYLAXIS; ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BRONCHOSPASM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CYTOTOXICITY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIARRHEA; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING; DOG; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; DRUG USE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; ENVENOMATION; HUMAN; HYPOTENSION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PARESIS; PERCEPTION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PUBLICATION; REVIEW; SERUM SICKNESS; SKIN MANIFESTATION; SNAKE; SNAKEBITE; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SURVIVAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URTICARIA; VETERINARY MEDICINE; VOMITING; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; CLASSIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DOG DISEASE; PATHOLOGY; RESPIRATORY FAILURE;

ATRACTASPIDIDAE; ATRACTASPIS; ATRACTASPIS BIBRONII; BITIS ARIETANS; BITIS ATROPOS; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CAUSUS; DISPHOLIDUS TYPUS; ELAPIDAE; NAJA; NAJA NIGRICOLLIS; NEPTUNIA; OXYBELIS; SERPENTES; THELOTORNIS CAPENSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTIVENINS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; SNAKE BITES; SNAKES; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 4644318459     PISSN: 10199128     EISSN: 22249435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Blaylock R 2002 Acute adverse reactions to South African manufactured snakebite antivenom. Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology 15: 107-113
2. Blaylock R S 2000 Antibacterial properties of KwaZulu Natal snake venoms. Toxicon 38: 1529-1534
3. Blaylock R S 1999 Antibiotic use and infection in snakebite victims. South African Medical Journal 89: 874-876
4. Blaylock R S 2001 Normal oral bacterial flora from some southern African snakes. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 68: 175-182
5. Blaylock R S 1982 Snake bites at Triangle Hospital January 1975 to June 1981. Central African Journal of Medicine 28: 1-10
6. Blaylock R S, Lichtman A R, Potgieter P D 1985 Clinical manifestations of Cape cobra (Naja nivea) bites. A report of 2 cases. South African Medical Journal 68: 342-344
7. Branch B 1998 Field guide to snakes and other reptiles of southern Africa (3rd edn). Struik Publishers
8. Brink S, Steytler J G 1974 Effects of puff-adder venom on coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in the baboon. South African Medical Journal 48: 1205-1213
9. Coetzer P W, Tilbury C R 1982 The epidemiology of snakebite in northern Natal. South African Medical Journal 62: 206-212
10. Dyke T 1995 In the tail of the taipan. A personal view of snakebite and serum sickness. Medical Journal of Australia 163: 614-615
11. Eckersley G N, Hohn E, Reyers F, Turner G V, Wolmarans L 1992 A comparison between the disease status of hospitalized dogs from developed and those from developing communities. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 63: 2-6
12. Hurwitz B J, Hull P R 1971 Berg-adder bite. South African Medical Journal 45: 969-971
13. Ismail M, Al-Bekairi A M, El-Bedaiwy A M, Abd-el Salam M A 1993 The ocular effects of spitting cobras: I. The ringhals cobra (Hemachatus haemachatus) venom-induced corneal opacification syndrome. Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology 31: 31-41
14. Ismail M, Al-Bekairi A M, El-Bedaiwy A M, Abd-el Salam M A 1993 The ocular effects of spitting cobras: II. Evidence that cardiotoxins are responsible for the corneal opacification syndrome. Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology 31: 45-62
15. Lavonas E J, Tomaszewski C A, Ford M D, Rouse A M, Kerns W P 2002 Severe puff adder (Bitis arietans) envenomation with coagulopathy. Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology 40: 911-918
16. Lobetti R G, Joubert K E 2003 A retrospective look at snake envenomation in 155 dogs. Presented at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Faculty Day, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 25 September 2003
17. Marsh N, Gattullo D, Pagliaro P, Losano G 1997 The Gaboon viper, Bitis gabonica: hemorrhagic, metabolic, cardiovascular and clinical effects of the venom. Life Sciences 61: 763-769
18. McNally S L, Reitz C J 1987 Victims of snakebite. A 5-year study at Shongwe Hospital, Kangwane, 1978-1982. South African Medical Journal 72: 855-860
19. Minton S A 1990 Neurotoxic snake envenoming. Seminars in Neurology 10: 52-61
20. Mirtschin P J, Masci P, Paton D C, Kuchel T 1998 Snake bites recorded by veterinary practices in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 76: 195-198
21. Muguti G I, Maramba A, Washaya C T 1994 Snake bites in Zimbabwe: a clinical study with emphasis on the need for antivenom. Central African Journal of Medicine 40: 83-88
22. Nielsen H, Sorensen H, Faber V, Svehag S E 1978 Circulating immune complexes, complement activation kinetics and serum sickness following treatment with heterologous anti-snake venom globulin. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 7: 25-33
23. Otto J, Blaylock R S 2003 Vine snake (Thelatonis capensis) bite in a dog. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 74: 27-28
24. Pirkle H, Theodor I, Miyada D, Simmons G 1986 Thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Bitis gabonica. Purification, properties, and coagulant actions. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261: 8830-8835
25. Rippey J J, Rippey E, Branch W R 1976 A survey of snakebite in the Johannesburg area. South African Medical Journal 50: 1872-1876
26. Takacs Z, Wilhelmsen K C, Sorota S 2001 Snake alpha-neurotoxin binding site on the Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is conserved. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18: 1800-1809
27. Tilbury C R 1982 Observations on the bite of the Mozambique spitting cobra (Naja mossambica mossambica). South African Medical Journal 61: 308-313
28. Vaughan-Scott T, Lobetti R G. 1995 Boomslang envenomation in a dog. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 66: 265-267
29. Warrell D A 1999 WHO/SERO guidelines for the clinical management of snakebites in south east Asian region. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 30: 1-85
30. Warrell D A, Ormerod L D, Davidson N M 1975 Bites by puff-adder (Bitis arietans) in Nigeria, and value of antivenom. British Medical Journal 4: 697-700
31. Weaver D A, Stroup D R, Slafka B A, Kuzniewski J, Hughes C 1991 Timber rattle-snake bite to the hand with secondary coagulopathy and serum sickness. Journal of Emergency Nursing 17: 193-196