Source discriminants for near-field tsunamis

Geophysical Journal International

Volumn 158, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 899-912

  Okal, Emile A ^a   Synolakis, Costas E ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b University of Southern California ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Near field; Simulations; Tsunami surveys; Tsunamis

Indexed keywords

NUMERICAL METHOD; PARAMETERIZATION; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SUBMARINE LANDSLIDE; TSUNAMI;

EID: 4644308308     PISSN: 0956540X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02347.x     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abe, K. et al, 1993. Field survey of the Nicaragua earthquake and tsunami of September 2, 1992, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ., 68, 23-70.
2. Abe, K., Hakuno, M., Takeuchi, M. & Katada, T., 1986. Survey report on the tsunami of the Michoacan, Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985, Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst. Tokyo Univ., 61, 475-481.
3. Borrero, J.C., Ortiz, M., Titov, V. & Synolakis, C., 1997. Field survey of Mexican tsunami produces new data, unusual photos, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 78, 85, 87-88.
4. Borrero, J.C., Dolan, J.F. & Synolakis, C.E., 2001. Tsunamis within the Eastern Santa Barbara Channel, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 643-646.
5. Borrero, J.C., Bu, J., Saiang, C., Uslu, B., Freckman, J., Gomer, B., Okal, E.A. & Synolakis, C.E., 2003. Field survey and preliminary modeling of the Wewak, Papua New Guinea earthquake and tsunami of September 9, 2002, Seism. Res. Lett., 74, 393-405.
6. Bourgeois, J. et al, 1999. Geologic setting, field survey and modeling of the Chimbote, Northern Peru, tsunami of 21 February 1996, Pure appl. Geophys., 154, 513-540.
7. Briggs, M.J., Synolakis, C.E. & Hughes, S.A., 1993. Laboratory measurements of tsunami run-up, in, Proc. IUGG/IOC International Tsunami Symposium, August 23-27, 1993, pp. 585-598, eds Tsuchiya, Y. & Shuto, N., Japan Society for Civil Engineering, Wakayama.
8. Davies, H.L., Davies, J.M., Perembo, R.C.B. & Lus, W.Y., 2003. The Aitape 1998 tsunami: reconstructing the event from interviews and field mapping, Pure appl. Geophys., 160, 1895-1922.
9. Dziewonski, A.M., Friedman, A., Giardini, D. & Woodhouse, J.H., 1983. Global seismicity of 1982: centroid moment tensor solutions for 308 earthquakes, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 33, 76-90.
10. Dziewonski, A.M., Franzen, J.E. & Woodhouse, J.H., 1986. Centroid moment-tensor solutions for July-September 1985, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 42, 205-214.
11. Dziewonski, A.M., Ekström, G. & Salganik, M.P., 1993. Centroid-moment tensor solutions for July September 1992, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 79, 287-297.
12. Dziewonski, A.M., Ekström, G. & Salganik, M.P., 1995. Centroid-moment tensor solutions for April-June 1994, Phys. Earth planet. Inter, 88, 69-78.
13. Dziewonski, A.M., Ekström, G. & Salganik, M.P., 1997a. Centroid-moment tensor solutions for October-December 1995, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 101, 1-12.
14. Dziewonski, A.M., Ekström, G. & Salganik, M.P., 1997b. Centroid-moment tensor solutions for January-March 1996, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 102, 1-9.
15. Dziewonski, A.M., Ekström, G. & Maternovskaya, N., 1999. Centroid-moment tenser solutions for July-September 1998, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 114, 99-107.
16. Ekström, G., Dziewoński, A.M., Maternovskaya, N.N. & Nettles, M., 2003. Global seismicity of 2001: centroid-moment tensor solutions for 961 earthquakes, Phys. Earth planet. Inter., 136, 165-185.
17. Ewing, M., Tolstoy, I. & Press, F., 1950. Proposed use of the T phase in tsunami warning systems, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 40, 53-58.
18. Green, G., 1838. On the motion of waves in a variable canal of small depth and width, Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 6, 457-462.
19. Geller, R.J., 1976. Scaling relations for earthquake source parameters and magnitudes, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 66, 1501-1523.
20. Gutenberg, B., 1939. Tsunamis and earthquakes, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 29, 517-526.
21. Heezen, B.C. & Ewing, M., 1952. Turbidity currents and submarine slumps, and the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake, Am. J. Sci., 250, 849-873.
22. Heezen, B.C. & Ewing, M., 1955. Orléansville earthquake and turbidity currents, Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 39, 2505-2514.
23. Heinrich, P, Piatanesi, A., Okal, E.A. & Hébert, H., 2000. Near-field modeling of the July 17, 1998 tsunami in Papua New Guinea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3037-3040.
24. Kanamori, H. & Kikuchi, M., 1993. The 1992 Nicaragua earthquake; a slow tsunami earthquake associated with subducted sediments, Nature, 361, 714-716.
25. Kánoǧlu, U. & Synolakis, C.E., 1998. Long wave runup on piecewise linear topographies, J. Fluid Mech., 374, 1-28.
26. Kulikov, E.A., Rabinovich, A.B., Thomson, R.E. & Bornhold, B.D., 1996. The landslide tsunami of November 3, 1994, Skagway harbor, Alaska, J. geophys. Res., 101, 6609-6615.
27. Lee, H.J., Kayen, R.E., Gardner, J.V. & Locat, J., 2003. Characteristics of several tsunamigenic submarine landslides, in Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, pp. 357-366, eds Locat, J. & Mienert, J., Dordrecht, Kluwer.
28. Liu, P.L.-F., Lynett, P. & Synolakis, C.E., 2003. Analytical solutions for forced long waves on a sloping beach, J. Fluid Mech., 478, 101-109.
29. López, A.M. & Okal, E.A., 2002. Aftershock relocation, rupture area, mantle magnitude and energy estimates of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami earthquake and neighboring events, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 83(47), F1045 (abstract).
30. Mansinha, L. & Smylie, D.E., 1971. The displacement fields of inclined faults, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 61, 1433-1440.
31. Milne, J., 1898. Earthquakes and Other Earth Movements, Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., London.
32. Montessus de Ballore, F., 1907. La Science Séismologique, A. Colin, Paris.
33. 0 discriminant for tsunami earthquakes, J. geophys. Res., 103, 26 885-26 898.
34. Okal, E.A., 1988. Seismic parameters controlling far-field tsunami amplitudes: a review, Natural Hazards, 1, 67-96.
35. Okal, E.A., 2003a. T waves from the 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake and its aftershocks: timing the tsunamigenic slump, Pure appl. Geophys., 160, 1843-1863.
36. Okal, E.A., 2003b. Normal modes energetics for far-field tsunamis generated by dislocations and landslides, Pure appl. Geophys., 160, 2189-2221.
37. Okal, E.A. & Synolakis, C.E., 2003. Theoretical comparison of tsunamis from dislocations and landslides, Pure appl. Geophys., 160, 2177-2188.
38. m: a variable period mantle magnitude, J. geophys. Res., 94, 4169-4193.
39. Okal, E.A. et al, 2002. A field survey of the Camana, Peru tsunami of June 23, 2001, Seism. Res. Lett., 73, 904-917.
40. Okal, E.A., Synolakis, CE., Borrero, J.C. & Members of the ITSTs, 2003a. 1992-2002: perspective on a decade of tsunami field surveys, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 84(46), F805 (abstract).
41. Okal, E.A., Plafker, G., Synolakis, C.E. & Borrero, J.C., 2003b. Near-field survey of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami on Unimak and Sanak Islands, Bull. seism. Soc. Am., 93, 1226-1234.
42. Plafker, G., 1965. Tectonic deformation associated with the 1964 Alaskan earthquake, Science, 148, 1675-1687.
43. Plafker, G., 1997. Catastrophic tsunami generated by submarine slides and backarc thrusting during the 1992 earthquake on eastern Flores I., Indonesia, Geol. Soc. Am. Cordill. Sect., 29, 57 (abstract with programme).
44. Plafker, G. & Savage, J.C., 1970. Mechanism of the Chilean earthquakes of May 21 and 22, 1960, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 81, 1001-1030.
45. Pod''yapol'skii, G.S., 1970. Generation of the tsunami wave by the earthquake, in Tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean, pp. 19-32, ed. Adams, W.M., East-West Center Press, Honolulu.
46. Polet, J. & Kanamori, H., 2000. Shallow subduction zone earthquakes and their tsunamigenic potential, Geophys. J. Int., 142, 684-702.
47. Satake, K. & Kanamori, H., 1991. Abnormal tsunamis caused by the June 13, 1984, Tori-shima, Japan, earthquake, J. geophys. Res., 96, 19 933-19 939.
48. Satake, K. & Tamoka, Y., 2003. The July 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake: mechanism and quantification of unusual tsunami generation, Pure appl. Geophys., 160, 2087-2118.
49. Schwarz, H.-U., 1982. Subaqueous slope failures - Experiments and Modern Occurrences, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
50. Sweet, S. & Silver, E.A., 2003. Tectonics and slumping in the source region of the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami from seismic reflection images, Pure appl. Geophys., 160, 1945-1968.
51. Synolakis, C.E., 1987. The runup of solitary waves, J. Fluid Mech., 185, 523-545.
52. Synolakis, C.E., 1991. Green's law and the evolution of solitary waves, Phys. Fluids, Ser. A, 3, 490-492.
53. Synolakis, C.E. & Skjelbreia, E.J., 1993. The four zones in the evolution of solitary waves on plane beaches, J. Waterw. Ports Coastal Eng., 118, 252-266.
54. Synolakis, C.E., Okal, E.A., Borrero, J.C., Benson, B., Nott, J. & de Lange, W.P., 1998. Preliminary report of the ITST - the Western and Island Coasts, EOS, Trans. Am. geophys. Un., 79 (45), F563 (abstract).
55. Synolakis, C.E., Bardet, J.-P., Borrero, J.C., Davies, H.L., Okal, E.A., Silver, E.A., Sweet, S. & Tappin, D.R., 2002a. The slump origin of the 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A, 458, 763-789.
56. Synolakis, C.E., Yali̧ner, A.C., Borrero, J.C. & Plafker, G., 2002b. Modeling of the November 3, 1994 Skagway, Alaska tsunami, in Solutions to Coastal Disasters, pp. 915-927, eds Wallendorf, L. & Ewing, L., American Society for Civil Engineering, Reston.
57. Tadepalli, S. & Synolakis, C.E., 1994. The runup of N waves, Proc. R. Soc. Land., A, 445, 99-112.
58. Tinti, S. & Bortolucci, E., 2000. Energy of water waves induced by submarine landslides, Pure appl. Geophys., 157, 281-318.
59. Titov, V.V. & Synolakis, C.E., 1998. Numerical modeling of tidal wave runup, J. Waterw. Ports Coast. Ocean Eng., 124, 157-171.
60. Tsuji, Y. et al, 1995. Field survey of the East Java earthquake and tsunami of June 3, 1994, Pure appl. Geophys., 144, 839-874.
61. Ward, S.N., 1980. Relationship of tsunami generation and an earthquake source, J. Phys. Earth, 28, 441-474.
62. Ward, S.N., 2002. Tsunamis, in, Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 3rd edn, pp. 175-191, ed. Meyers, R.A., Academic Press, New York.
63. Wu, F.T. & Kanamori, H., 1973. Source mechanism of the February 4, 1965 Rat Island earthquake, J. geophys. Res., 78, 6082-6092.
64. Yamashita, T. & Sato, R., 1974. Generation of tsunami by a fault model, J. Phys. Earth, 22, 415-440.