The proxy efficacy exercise questionnaire: Development of an instrument to assess female exercisers' proxy efficacy beliefs in structured group exercise classes

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 442-456

  Bray, Steven R ^a,d   Gyurcsik, Nancy C ^b   Ginis, Kathleen A Martin ^a   Culos Reed, S Nicole ^c  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Exercise leadership; Proxy agency; Social cognitive theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 4644295990     PISSN: 08952779     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.26.3.442     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Baltes, M.M. (1996). The many faces of dependency in old age. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. New York: Prentice Hall.
3. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
4. Bandura, A. (2001a). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.
5. Bandura, A. (2001b). Guidelines for constructing self-efficacy scales. Retrieved from http: //www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/effguide.PDF, Sept. 5, 2002.
6. Baranowski, T., Anderson, C., & Carmack, C. (1998). Mediating variable framework in physical activity interventions. How are we doing? How might we do better? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15, 266-297.
7. Bray, S.R., & Cowan, H. (2004). Proxy efficacy: Implications for self-efficacy and exercise intentions in cardiac rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49, 71-75.
8. Bray, S.R., Gyurcsik, N.C., Culos-Reed, S.N., Dawson, K.A., & Martin, K.A. (2001). An exploratory investigation of the relationship between proxy efficacy, self-efficacy and exercise attendance. Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 425-434.
9. Christensen, A.J., Wiebe, J.S., Benotsch, E.G., & Lawton, W.J. (1996). Perceived health competence, health locus of control, and patient adherence in renal dialysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 411-421.
10. Clark, L.A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7, 309-319.
11. Comrey, A.L., & Lee, H.B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
12. Cronbach, L.J. (1970). Essentials of psychological testing. New York: Harper & Row.
13. Cronbach, L.J., & Meehl, P.E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302.
14. Dawson, K.A., Brawley, L.R., & Maddux, J.E. (2000). Examining the relationships among concepts of control and exercise attendance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 22, 131-144.
15. Dishman, R.K. (Ed.) (1988). Exercise adherence: Its impact on public health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
16. Fox, L.D., Rejeski, W.J., & Gauvin, L. (2000). Effects of leadership style and group dynamics on enjoyment of physical activity. American Journal of Health Promotion, 14, 277-283.
17. Gecas, V. (1989). The social psychology of self-efficacy. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 291-316.
18. Maddux, J.E. (1995). Self-efficacy theory: An introduction. In J.E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 3-33). New York: Plenum.
19. Maddux, J.E., Brawley, L.R., & Boykin, A. (1995). Self-efficacy and healthy behavior: Prevention, promotion, and detection. In J.E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research, and application (pp. 305-328). New York: Plenum.
20. Martin, K.A., & Fox, L.D. (2001). Group and leadership effects on social anxiety experienced during an exercise class. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 1000-1016.
21. McAuley, E., & Mihalko, S.L. (1998). Measuring exercise-related self-efficacy. In J.L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 371-390). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
22. McAuley, E., & Blissmer, B. (2000). Self-efficacy determinants and consequences of physical activity. Exercise and Sports Sciences Reviews, 28, 85-88.
23. Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
24. Sallis, J.F., & Owen, N. (1999). Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
25. Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
26. Thomas, S., Reading, J., & Shephard, R.J. (1992). Revision of the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Canadian Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 338-345.
27. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy People 2010: Understanding and improving health. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Gov. Printing Office. (Stock No. 017-001-00543-6)
28. Zaccaro, S.J. (1996, Oct.). Social contextual considerations of efficacy beliefs: Defining multiple forms of social efficacy. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology, Williamsburg, VA.