Multiphase solidification in multicomponent alloys

Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports

Volumn 46, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 1-49

  Hecht, U ^a   Granasy L ^b   Pusztai, T ^b   Bottger B ^a   Apel, M ^a   Witusiewicz, V ^a   Ratke, L ^c   De Wilde, J ^d   Froyen, L ^d   Camel, D ^e   Drevet, B ^e   Faivre, G ^f   Fries, S G ^a   Legendre, B ^g   Rex, S ^a  

^a ACCESS E V   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Hungary)

^c GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^e CEA GRENOBLE   (France)

^f SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

^g Universite Paris Sud   (France)

Author keywords

Multicomponent alloys; Multiphase microstructures; Nucleation; Phase field simulation; Solidification; Thermodynamics

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; COST EFFECTIVENESS; CRYSTAL GROWTH; DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MECHANICS); EUTECTICS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MICROSTRUCTURE; NUCLEATION; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT; SOLIDIFICATION; THERMODYNAMICS; YTTRIUM BARIUM COPPER OXIDES;

MULICOMPONENT ALLOYS; MULTIPHASE ALLOYS; MULTIPHASE MICROSTRUCTURES; PHASE FIELD SIMULATION;

BINARY ALLOYS;

EID: 4644278818     PISSN: 0927796X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2004.07.002     Document Type: Review

References (257)

1. J.N. DuPont, J.R. Michael, B.D. Newbuty, Welding J. 78 (1999) 408.
2. M.J. Perricone, J.N. DuPont, M.J. Cieslak, Met. Mater. Trans. 34A (2003) 1127.
3. L.E. Ramiréz, M. Castro, M. Méndez, J. Lacaze, M. Herrera, G. Lesoult, Scripta Mater. 47 (2002) 811.
4. W. Khalifa, F.H. Samuel, J.E. Gruzleski, Met. Mater. Trans. 34A (2003) 807.
5. G. Sauthoff, Intermetallics 8 (2000) 1101.
6. A. Sayir, S.C. Framer, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 4691.
7. V.M. Orera, J.I. Peña, R.I. Merino, J.A. Lázaro, J.A. Vallés, M.A. Rebolledo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 (1997) 2746.
8. A. Larrea, L. Contreras, R.I. Merino, J. Llorca, V.M. Orera, J. Mater. Res. 15 (2000) 1314.
9. L. Kaufman, H. Bernstein, Computer Calculation of Phase Diagrams with Specific Reference to Refractory Materials, Academic Press, New York, 1970.
10. N. Saunders, A.P. Miodownik, CALHAD, Elsevier Science, New York, 1998.
11. A.T. Dinsdale, Calphad 15 (1991) 317.
12. SGTE (Scientific Group Thermodata Europe), Solution Database of January 1994.
13. M. Hillert, L.I. Staffanson, Acta Chem. Scand. 24 (1970) 3618.
14. B. Sundman, J. Ågren, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 42 (1981) 297.
15. Y.M. Muggianu, M. Cambino, J.P. Bros, J. Chim. Phys. 22 (1975) 83.
16. O. Kubaschewski, C.B. Alcock, P.J. Spencer, Materials Thermochemistry, sixth ed. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1993.
17. V.T. Witusiewicz, U. Hecht, S. Rex, F. Sommer, J. Alloy. Compd. 337 (2002) 189.
18. H. Flandorfer, E. Hayer, J. Alloy. Compd. 296 (2000) 112.
19. M. Asta, V. Ozolins, C. Woodward, JOM 53 (2001) 16.
20. S.G. Fries, B. Sundman, Phys. Rev. B 66 (2002) 012203.
21. G. Gosh, A. van de Walle, M. Asta, G.B. Olson, Calphad 26 (2002) 491.
22. F. Lechermann, Ph.D. Thesis, Max Planck Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, 2003.
23. B. Sundman, B. Jansson, J.O. Anderson, Calphad 9 (1985) 153.
24. G. Eriksson, K. Hack, Metall. Trans. 21 (1990) 13.
25. Pandat - Software for multicomponent phase diagram calculation, Computheim LLC, 437S., Yellowstone Drive, Suite 217, Madison, Wi 53719, USA.
26. R.H. Davis, A.T. Dinsdale, T.G. Chart, T.I. Barry, M. Rand, High Temp. Sci. 26 (1990) 251.
27. H.L. Lukas, J. Weiss, E.-T. Hening, Calphad 6 (1982) 229.
28. U.R. Kattner, W.J. Boettinger, S.R. Cornell, Z. Metallkd. 87 (1996) 522.
29. U.R. Kattner, JOM 49 (1997) 14.
30. J. Ågren, F.H. Hayes, L. Hoglund, U.R. Kattner, B. Legendre, R. Schmid-Fetzer, Z. Metallkd. 93 (2002) 128.
31. V.T. Witusiewicz, U.Hecht, S. Rex, J. Alloys Comp., submitted for publication.
32. Raj K., Dictra (Diffusion controlled transformations) - Software developed within the project COSMOS (Computer supported modeling of steel transformations) funded by Volkswagenstiftung and Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, 1988-1993.
33. J. Ågren, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 43 (1982) 421.
34. J.O. Andersson, J.J. Ågren, J. Appl. Phys. 72 (1992) 1350.
35. G. Inden, Calphad and Alloy Thermodynamics, TMS Annual Meeting, Seattle, WA, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 17-21 February 2002, p. 108.
36. T. Kraft, Y.A. Chang, JOM 49 (1997) 20.
37. P. Kopczyński, W.J. Rappel, A. Karma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 3387.
38. S.J. Langer, in: Proceedings of the Les Houches Summer School, Session XLVI, Elsevier, New York, 1987.
39. E. Ben Jacob, P. Garik, Nature 343 (1990) 523.
40. L. Onsager, Phys. Rev. 37 (1931) 405.
41. J.S. Kirkaldy, D.J. Young, Diffusion in the Condensed State, Insitute of Metals, London, 1987.
42. W.B. Brockman, J.E. Morral, Profiler: Diffusion Couple Software to Predict Concentration Profiles and [D] (available from J.-E. Morral, Department of Metallurgy and Institute of Materials Sciene, University of Connecticut).
43. T.H. Cohen, M.E. Glicksman, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 3 (1995) 585.
44. C.E. Campbell, W.J. Boettinger, T. Hansen, P. Merewether, B.A. Mueller, Third International Alloy Conference, Estoril, Portugal, 30 June-5 July 2002, submitted for publication.
45. C.E. Campbell, W.J. Boettinger, U.R. Kattner, Acta Mater. 50 (2002) 775.
46. D.G. Miller, Acta Mater. 46 (7) (1998) 5993.
47. J.P. Praisey, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 32 (1989) 2385.
48. G. Frohberg, H. Kraatz, H. Wever, A. Loading, H. Odelius, Defect Diff. Forum 66-69 (1989) 295.
49. J.P. Garandet, G. Mathiak, V. Button, P. Lehman, A. Griesche, Int. J. Thermophys. 25 (2004) 249.
50. V. Button, P. Lehmann, R. Bolcato, R. Moreau, R. Haettel, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 44 (2001) 3345.
51. D.P. Woodruff, The Solid-Liquid Interface, Cambridge University Press, 1973.
52. N. Eustathopoulos, Int. Met. Rev. 28 (1983) 189.
53. K.P. Kelton, Solid State Phys. 45 (1991) 75.
54. C. Vahlas, N. Eustathopoulos, D. Camel, J. Cryst. Growth 92 (1988) 253.
55. M. Gündüz, J.D. Hunt, Acta Metall. 33 (1985) 1651.
56. N. Maraşli, J.D. Hunt, Acta Mater. 44 (1996) 1085.
57. P.W. Voorhees, S.R. Coriell, G.B. McFadden, J. Cryst. Growth 67 (1984) 425.
58. R.E. Napolitano, et al. in: B.K. Dhindaw (Ed.), International Conference on Solidification Science and Processing, Science Publisher Inc., Bangalore, 2001, p. 73.
59. J.J. Hoyt, M. Asia, A. Karma, Mater. Sci. Eng. 41 (2003) R121.
60. R. Sigub-Aga, B.B. Laird, Phys. Rev. B 66 (2002) 4106.
61. R.L. Davidchak, B.B. Laird, Mol. Phys. 97 (1999) 833.
62. B.J. Kooi, Acta. Mater. 51 (2003) 4653.
63. S.A. Dreggia, P. Wynblatt, Acta Metall. Mater. 39 (1991) 771.
64. D.B. Zhang, G. Rao, P. Wynblatt, Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1 (1993) 639.
65. Y.C. Shen, D.W. Oxtoby, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 3585.
66. L. Gránásy, D.W. Oxtoby, J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 2410.
67. J.J. Hoyt, Acta Metall. Mater. 38 (1990) 1405.
68. C. Huang, M. Olvera de la Cruz, P.W. Vorhees, Acta Mater. 47 (1999) 4449.
69. A.A. Wheeler, W.J. Boettinger, G.B. McFadden, Phys. Rev. E (1993) 1893.
70. T.S. Lo, A. Karma, M. Plapp, Phys. Rev. E 63 (2001) 031504.
71. R. Roth, S. Dietrich, Phys. Rev. E 62 (2000) 6926.
72. M. Plapp, A. Karma, Phys. Rev. E 60 (1999) 6865.
73. K.A. Jackson, J.D. Hunt, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 236 (1966) 1129.
74. W. Kurz, P.R. Sahm, Gerichtet erstarrte eutektische Werkstoffe, Springer, Berlin, 1975.
75. R. Trivedi, J.T. Mason, J.D. Verhoeven, W. Kurz, Metall. Trans. 22 (1991) 252.
76. J. Hunt, S.Z. Lu, Crystallisation of eutectics, monotectis and peritectics, in: D. Hurle (Ed.), Handbook of Crystal growth, vol. 2b, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994, p. 1111 ff.
77. R. Grugel, A. Hellawell, Metall. Trans. A 12A (1981) 669.
78. A. Kamino, S. Kumai, H. Tezuka, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 146 (1991) 105.
79. B. Mujamdar, K. Chattopadhyay, Metall. Trans. A 27A (1995) 2053.
80. S.R. Coriell, W.F. Mitchell, B.T. Murray, J.B. Andrews, Y. Arikawa, J. Cryst. Growth 179 (1997) 647.
81. C. Stöcker, L. Ratke, J. Cryst. Growth 212 (2000) 324.
82. M. Vandyoussefi, H.W. Kerr, W. Kurz, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 2297.
83. T.S. Lo, S. Dobler, M. Plapp, A. Karma, W. Kurz, Acta Mater. 51 (2003) 599.
84. A. Karma, A. Sarkissian, Metall. Mater. Trans. 27A (1996) 635.
85. M. Ginibre, S. Akamatsu, G. Faivre, Phys. Rev. E 56 (1997) 780.
86. S. Akamatsu, M. Plapp, G. Faivre, A. Karma, Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 30501.
87. C. Misbah, K. Kassner, R. Baumann, Phys. Rev. E 48 (1995) R2751.
88. C. Misbah, K. Kassner, A. Valance, D. Temkin, Phys. Rev. E 48 (1993) 91.
89. M. Durand-Charre, F. Durand, J. Cryst. Growth 13-14 (1972) 747.
90. P.J. Fehrenbach, H.W. Kerr, P. Niessen, J. Cryst. Growth 16 (1972) 209.
91. P.R. Sahm, M. Lorenz, J. Mater. Sci. 7 (1972). 793.
92. G. Garmong, Metall. Trans. 2 (1971) 2025.
93. D.J.S. Cooksey, A. Hellawell, J. Inst. Met. 95 (1967) 183.
94. F. Mollard, B. Lux, J.C. Hubert, Z. Metallkd. 65 (1974) 461.
95. M.D. Rinaldi, R.M. Sharp, M.C. Flemings, Metall. Trans. 3 (1972) 3139.
96. H.A. Quac Bao, F.C.L. Durand, J. Cryst. Growth 15 (1972) 291.
97. D.G. McCartney, J.D. Hunt, R.M. Jordan, Metall. Trans. A 11 (1980) 1243.
98. D.G. McCartney, R.M. Jordan, J.D. Hunt, Metall. Trans. A 11 (1980) 1251.
99. J. De Wilde, L. Froyen, S. Rex, Scripta Mater., submittet for publication.
100. I. Yamauchi, S. Ueyama, I. Ohnaka, Mater. Sci. Eng. A208 (1996) 101.
101. S.V. Raj, I.E. Locci, Intermetallics 9 (2001) 217.
102. U. Hecht, V.T. Witusiewicz, A. Drevermann, S. Rex, Adv. Eng. Mater., submitted for publication.
103. V. Datye, J.S. Langer, Phys. Rev. B 24 (1981) 4155.
104. S. Akamatsu, G. Faivre, Phys. Rev. E 61 (2000) 3757.
105. L.R. Morris, W.C. Winegard, J. Cryst. Growth 5 (1969) 361.
106. H.W. Kerr, A. Plumtree, W.C. Winegard, J. Inst. Metals 93 (1964) 63.
107. J.D. Holder, B.F. Oliver, Meter. Trans. 5 (1974) 2423.
108. C.T. Rios, S. Milenkovic, S. Gama, R. Caram, J. Cryst. Growth 237-239 (2002) 90.
109. M.A. Ruggiero, J.W. Rutter, Mater. Sci. Technol. 11 (1995) 136.
110. T. Himemiya, T. Umeda, Mater. Trans. JIM 40 (1999) 665.
111. V.T. Witusiewicz, L. Sturz, U.Hecht, S. Rex, Acta Mater., submitted for publication.
112. L. Sturz, V.T. Witusiewicz, U.Hecht, S. Rex, J. Cryst. Growth, submitted for puiblication.
113. M. Apel, B. Böttger, V. Witusiewicz, U. Hecht, I. Steinbach, Adv. Eng. Mater., submitted for puiblication.
114. H. Sens, N. Eustathopoulos, D. Camel, J.J. Favier, Acta Metall. Mater. 40 (7) (1992) 1783.
115. T. Buchholz, Master's thesis, Universität zu Köln, 1994.
116. J.J. Favier, J. De Goer, Results of Spacelab-15th European Symposium Material Sciences Under Microgravity, SP 222, ESTEC Noordwijk, 1984, p. 127.
117. F.D. Lemkey, R.W. Hertzberg, J.A. Ford, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 233 (1966) 334.
118. P. Bárczy, J. Sólyom, Mater. Sci. Forum 77 (1991) 113.
119. G. Müller, P. Kyr, Results of Spacelab-1, 5th European Symposium Material Sciences Under Microgravity, SP 222, ESTEC Noordwijk, 1984, p. 141.
120. B. Drevet, D. Camel, M. Dupouy, J.J. Favier, Acta Mater. 44 (10) (1996) 4071.
121. S. Steinbach, Ph.D. thesis RWTH Aachen, 2004, in preparation.
122. D. Ma, W.Q. Jie, Y. Li, S.C. Ng, Acta Mater. 46 (1998) 3203.
123. P. Magnin, R. Trivedi, Acta Metall. Mater. 39 (1991) 453.
124. K.B. Kim, J. Liu, N. Marasli, D.J. Hunt, Acta Metall. Mater. 43-46 (1995) 2143.
125. S.R. Coriell, G.B. McFadden, W.F. Mitchell, B.T. Murray, J.B. Andrews, Y. Arikawa, J. Cryst. Growth 224 (2001) 145.
126. L. Ratke, Metall. Mater. Trans, 34A (2003) 449.
127. C. Stöcker, L. Ratke, J. Cryst. Growth 203 (1999) 582.
128. R.N. Grugel, A. Hellawell, Metall. Trans. A 15 (1984) 1626.
129. B. Vinet, C. Potard, J. Cryst. Growth 61 (1983) 355.
130. J.B. Andrews, A. Sandlin, R. Merrick, Adv. Space Res. 11 (1991) 291.
131. B. Dhindaw, D. Stefanescu, A. Singh, P. Curreri, Metall. Trans. 19A (1988) 2839.
132. W.J. Boettinger, S.R. Coriell, A.L. Greer, A. Karma, W. Kurz, M. Rappaz, R. Trivedi, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 43.
133. P. Gilgien, W. Kurz, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 178 (1994) 199.
134. S. Fukumoto, W. Kurz, ISIJ Int. 39 (1999) 1270.
135. T. Himemiya, Mater. Trans. JIM 40 (1999) 675.
136. T. Himemiya, Mater. Trans. JIM 40 (2000) 437.
137. M.H. Burden, J.D. Hunt, J. Cryst. Growth 22 (1974) 99.
138. J.D. Hunt, S.-Z. Lu, Metall. Trans. 27A (1996) 611.
139. E. Scheil, Z. Metallkd. 34 (1941) 70.
140. G.M. Gulliver, J. Inst. Met. 9 (1913) 120.
141. J.N. DuPont, C.V. Robino, J.R. Michael, M.R. Notis, A.R. Marder, Met. Mater. Trans. 29A (1998) 2785.
142. J.N. DuPont, C.V. Robino, A.R. Marder, M.R. Notis, Met. Mater. Trans. 29A (1998) 2797.
143. J.N. DuPont, C.V. Robino, A.R. Marder, Acta Mater. 46 (13) (1998) 4781.
144. G.R. Garcés, J. Le Coze, J.L. Garin, R.L. Mannheim, Scripta Mater. 50 (2004) 651.
145. C.M. Allen, K.A.Q. O'Reilly, B. Cantor, P.V. Evans, Prog. Mater. Sci. 43 (1998) 89.
146. N. Roy, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel, Met. Mater. Trans. 27A (1996) 415.
147. R. Mehrabian, M.C. Flemings, Metall. Trans. 1 (1970) 455.
148. T. Kraft, M. Rettenmayr, H.E. Exner, Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 4 (1996) 161.
149. S.L. Chen, Y.A. Chang, Metall. Trans. A 23 (1992) 1038.
150. W.J. Boettinger, U.R. Kattner, D.K. Banerjee, in: B.C. Thomas, C. Beckermann (Eds.), Modeling of Casting, Welding and Advanced Solidification Processes VIII, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warendale, 1998, p. 159.
151. X. Doré, H. Combeau, M. Rappaz, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 3951.
152. S.A. Cefalu, M.J.M. Krane, Mater. Sci. Eng. A359 (2003) 91.
153. M.C. Flemings, D.R. Poirier, R.V. Barone, H.D. Brody, J. Iron Steel Inst. 208 (1970) 371.
154. M.N. Gungor, Metall. Trans. 20A (1989) 2529.
155. J. Lacaze, G. Lesoult, ISIG Int. 35 (1995) 658.
156. F.-Y. Xie, T. Kraft, Y. Zuo, C.-H. Moon, Y.A. Chang, Acta Mater. 47 (2) (1999) 489.
157. H. Liang, T. Kraft, Y.A. Chang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A292 (2000) 96.
158. F. Xie, X. Yan, L. Ding, F. Zhang, S. Chen, M.G. Chu, Y.A. Chang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A355 (2003) 144.
159. M.C. Schneider, C. Beckermann, Met. Mater. Trans. 26 (1995) 2373.
160. M.J.M. Krane, F.P. Incropera, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 40 (16) (1997) 3827.
161. M.J.M. Krane, F.P. Incropera, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 40 (16) (1997) 3837.
162. N. Warnken, B. Böttger, D. Ma, V. Vitusevych, U. Hecht, S. G. Fries, N. Dupin, in: J. Lecomte-Beckers, et al. (Eds.), Materials for Advanced Power Engineering, part I, Liege, Belgium, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 29 September-2 October 2002, p. 315.
163. R.F. Sekerka, J. Cryst. Growth, in press.
164. M. Ode, S.G. Kim, T. Suzuki, ISIJ Int. 41 (2001) 1076.
165. L.Q. Chen, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 32 (2002) 113.
166. W.J. Boettiger, J.A. Warren, C. Beckermann, A. Karma, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 32 (2002) 163.
167. K.R. Elder, F. Drolet, J.M. Kosterlitz, M. Grant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 677.
168. A. Karma, W.-.J. Rappel, Phys. Rev. E 60 (1999) 3614.
169. S.G. Pavlik, R.F. Sekerka, Physica A 268 (1999) 283.
170. S.G. Pavlik, R.F. Sekerka, Physica A 277 (2000) 415.
171. P.C. Hohenberg, B.I. Halperin, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49 (1977) 435.
172. D.W. Oxtoby, Liquids, Freezing and Glass Transition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991.
173. D.W. Oxtoby, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 32 (2002) 39.
174. F. Drolet, K.R. Elder, M. Grant, J.M. Kosterlitz, Phys. Rev. E 61 (2000) 6705.
175. A.A. Wheeler, G.B. McFadden, W.J. Boettinger, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 452 (1996) 495.
176. B. Nestler, A.A. Wheeler, Physica D 138 (2000) 114.
177. A. Karma, Phys. Rev. E 49 (1994) 2245.
178. L.L. Regel, W.R. Wilcox, D. Popov, F. Li, Acta Astronaut. 48 (2001) 101.
179. R. Folch, M. Plapp, in: B. Nestler, H. Emmerich (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Computational Physics, Springer, Dresden, 2002, in press.
180. M. Apel, B. Böttger, H.J. Diepers, I. Steinbach, J. Cryst. Growth 237 (2002) 154.
181. S.G. Kim, W.T, Kim, T. Suzuki, M. Ode, J. Cryst. Growth 261 (2004) 135.
182. D. Lewis, T. Pusztai, L. Gránásy, J.A. Warren, W.J. Boettinger, J. Metals, in press.
183. J. Tiaden, B. Nestler, H.J. Diepers, I. Steinbach, Physica D 115 (1998) 73.
184. J. Tiaden, U. Grafe, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Solid-Solid Phase Transfor-mations, JIMIC-3, 1999.
185. J.S. Lee, S.G. Kim, W.T. Kim, T. Suzuki, ISIJ Int. 39 (1999) 730.
186. B. Nestler, A.A. Wheeler, L. Ratke, C. Stöcker, Physica D 141 (2000) 133.
187. M. Plapp, A. Karma, Phys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 061608.
188. R.S. Qin, E.R. Wallach, Acta Mater. 51 (2003) 6199.
189. H. Kobayashi, M. Ode, S.G. Kim, W.T. Kim, T. Suzuki, Scripta Mater. 48 (2003) 689.
190. Q. Chen, N. Ma, K. Wu, Y. Wang, Scripta Mater. 50 (2004) 471.
191. P.-R. Cha, D.-H. Yeon, J.-K. Yoon, Acta Mater. 49 (2001) 3295.
192. I. Steinbach, F. Pezzola, B. Nestler, M. Seesselberg, R. Prieler, G.J. Schmitz, J.L.L. Rezende, Physica D 94 (1996) 135.
193. I. Steinbach, F. Pezolla, Physica D 134 (1999) 385.
194. U. Grafe, B. Böttger, J. Tiaden, S.G. Fries, Scripta Mater. 42 (2000) 1179.
195. B. Böttger, U. Grafe, D. Ma, S.G. Fries, Mater. Sci. Technol. 16 (2000) 1425.
196. B. Böttger, U. Grafe, D. Ma, A. Schnell, in: Superalloys 2000, Met. Soc. AIME (2000) 313.
197. B. Böttger, I. Steinbach, S.G. Fries, Q. Chen, B. Sundman, et al. in: J. Lecomte-Beckers (Ed.), Materials for Advanced Power Engineering 2002, part III, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 2002, p. 1333.
198. B. Böttger, Ph. Schaffnit, J. Eicken, unpublished work.
199. W.C. Swope, H.C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. B 41 (1990) 7042.
200. P.R. ten Wolde, D. Frenkel, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 (1999) 2191.
201. J. Farkas, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 38 (1927) 236.
202. R. Becker, W. Döring, Ann. Phys. 24 (1935) 719.
203. D. Turnbull, J.C. Fisher, J. Chem. Phys. 17 (1949) 71.
204. J.W. Christian, The Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1975.
205. J.M. Howe, Philos. Mag. A 74 (1996) 761.
206. W.J. Huisman, J.F. Peters, M.J. Zwanenburg, S.A. de Vries, T.E. Derry, D. Abernathy, J.F. van der Veen, Nature 390 (1997) 379.
207. B.B. Laird, A.D. Haymet, J. Chem. Rev. 92 (1992) 1819.
208. J.D. Gunton, J. Stat. Phys. 95 (1999) 903.
209. L. Gránásy, P.F. James, J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 9810.
210. Z. Kozisek, P. Demo, J. Chem. Phys. 102 (1995) 7695.
211. G. Wilemski, B.E. Wyslouzil, J. Chem. Phys. 103 (1995) 1127.
212. V.V. Slezov, J. Schmelzer, Y.Y. Tkatch, J. Chem. Phys. 105 (1996) 8340.
213. Z. Kozisek, T. Koga, K. Sato, P. Demo, J. Chem. Phys. 114 (2001) 7622.
214. V.V. Slezov, J. Schmelzer, Phys. Rev. E 65 (2002) 031506-031511.
215. J.W.P. Schmelzer, A.R. Gokhman, V.M. Fokin, J. Coll. Interface Sci., in press.
216. K. Binder, D. Stauffer, Adv. Phys. 25 (1976) 343.
217. A.L. Greer, P.V. Evans, R.G. Hamerton, D.K. Shangguan, K.P. Kelton, J. Cryst. Growth 99 (1990) 38.
218. K.F. Kelton, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 274 (2000) 147.
219. L. Gránásy, Europhys. Lett. 24 (1993) 121.
220. L. Gránásy, J. Chem. Phys. 104 (1996) 5188.
221. L. Gránásy, F. Iglói, J. Chem. Phys. 107 (1997) 3634.
222. T. Volkmann, W. Löser, D.M. Herlach, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 28 (1997) 453.
223. S.A. Moir, D.M. Herlach, Acta Mater. 45 (1997) 2827.
224. B. Kvamme, Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. 11 (2002) 256.
225. J.W.P. Schmelzer, J. Schmelzer, I.S. Gutzow, J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 3820.
226. B. Cantor, K.A.Q. O'Reilly, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2 (3) (1997) 318.
227. A.L. Greer, A.M. Bunn, A. Tronche, P.V. Evans, D.J. Bristow, Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 2823.
228. J.H. Perepezko, J.L. Sebright, G. Wilde, Adv. Eng. Mater. 4 (2002) 147.
229. J.D. van der Waal, Verband. Koninkl. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam 1 (1893) 1.
230. J.W. Cahn, J.E. Hilliard, J. Chem. Phys. 31 (1959) 688.
231. C.K. Bagdassarian, D.W. Oxtoby, J. Chem. Phys. 100 (1994) 2139.
232. L. Gránásy, D.W. Oxtoby, J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 2399.
233. R. Wild, P. Harrowell, Phys. Rev. E 56 (1997) 3265.
234. L. Gránásy, T. Pusztai, P.F. James, J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 6157.
235. L. Gránásy, T. Börzsönyi, T. Pusztai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 206105-206111.
236. R. Kobayashi, J.A. Warren, W.C. Carter, Physica D 119 (1998) 415.
237. R. Kobayashi, J.A. Warren, W.C. Carter, Physica D 140 (2000) 141.
238. A. Roy, J.M. Rickman, J.D. Gunton, K.R. Elder, Phys. Rev. 56 (1998) 2610.
239. L. Gránásy, T. Pusztai, G. Tóth, Z. Jurek, M. Conti, B. Kvamme, J. Chem. Phys. 119 (2003) 10376.
240. L. Gránásy, T. Pusztai, J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 10121.
241. P.J. Simmons, C. Shen, Y. Wang, Scripta Mater. 43 (2000) 935.
242. D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys. 20 (1952) 411.
243. L. Gránásy, T. Pusztai, J.A. Warren, T. Börzsönyi, J.F. Douglas, V. Ferreiro, Nature Mater. 2 (2003) 92.
244. M. Castro, Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 035412.
245. L. Gránásy, T. Pusztai, J.A. Warren, in press.
246. C.S. Smith, Metall, Rev. 9 (1964) 1.
247. U. Hecht, V.T. Witusiewicz, S. Rex, in: B.K. Dhindaw (Ed.), International Conference on Solidification Science and Processing, Science Publisher Inc., Bangalore, 2001, p. 61.
248. J. Alkemper, S. Sous, C. Stöcker, L. Ratke, J. Cryst. Growth 191 (1998) 252.
249. P.A. Curreri, W.F. Kaukler, Metall. Mater. Trans. 27A (1996) 801.
250. R.H. Mathiesen, L. Arnberg, F. Mo, T. Weitkamp, A. Snigirev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 5062.
251. G. Zimmermann, A. Schievenbusch, A. Drevermann, in: Proceedings of 2nd European Symposium on the Utilisation of the ISS, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands (ESA SP-433), 1999, p. 377.
252. C. Salvi, B. Drevet, J.P. Garandet, G. Quillet, P. Lehmann, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Microgravity Research & Applications in Physical Sciences & Biotechnology, Sorrento, Italy (ESA SP-454, January 2001), 10-15 September 2000, p. 715.
253. J.P. Garandet, C. Salvi, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 45 (2002) 1045.
254. G. Amberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2004) 265505.
255. K.R. Elder, M. Katakowski, M. Haataja, M. Grant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 245701.
256. K. R. Elder, M. Grant, Phys. Rev. E, in press (preprint cond-mat/0107381).
257. K.R. Elder, personal communication, 2004.