Features of cell degeneration and death in hepatic failure and systemic lymphoid depletion characteristic of porcine circovirus-2-associated postweaning multisystemic wasting disease

Veterinary Pathology

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 471-482

  Krakowka, S ^a   Ellis, J ^b   McNeilly, F ^c   Meehan, B ^c   Oglesbee, M ^a   Alldinger, S ^d   Allan, G ^c  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^c AGRI FOOD AND BIOSCIENCES INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^d JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Gnotobiology; Hyperthermia; Macrophages; PCV 2; PMWS; Swine; TUNEL

Indexed keywords

CYCLOSPORIN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL DEGENERATION; CELL METABOLISM; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CIRCOVIRIDAE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GNOTOBIOTICS; HEAT STRESS; HYPERTHERMIA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LIVER FAILURE; LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION; LYMPHOID CELL; LYMPHOID TISSUE; NICK END LABELING; NONHUMAN; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELL; SWINE; VIRUS INFECTION; WASTING SYNDROME;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CIRCOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; CIRCOVIRUS; GERM-FREE LIFE; HYPERTHERMIA, INDUCED; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; IN SITU NICK-END LABELING; LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR; LIVER; SUS SCROFA; SWINE DISEASES; WASTING SYNDROME;

ANIMALIA; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CIRCOVIRIDAE; CIRCOVIRUS; PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS; PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS 2; SUIDAE; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 4644262106     PISSN: 03009858     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-5-471     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Allan GM, Ellis JA: Porcine circoviruses: a review. J Vet Diag Invest 12:3-14, 2000
2. Allan GM, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Foster JC, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Meehan B, Adair B: Experimental reproduction of wasting disease and death by co-infection of piglets with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus. J Comp Pathol 121:1-11, 1999
3. Allan GM, McNeilly F, Ellis JA, Krakowka S: Neonatal vaccination for M hyopneumonia and PMWS: a field trial. Pig J 48:1-15, 2001
4. Allan GM, McNeilly F, Ellis JA, Krakowka S, Meehan B, McNair I, Walker I, Kennedy S: Experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) potentiates PCV-2 replication. Arch Virol 145:2421-2429, 2000
5. Allan GM, McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Daft B, Clarke EG, Ellis, JA, Haines DM, Meehan B, Adair BM: Isolation of porcine circovirus-like viruses from pigs with a wasting disease in the USA and Europe. J Vet Diagn Invest 10:3-10, 1998
6. Allan GM, McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Meehan B, Ellis J, Krakowka S: Immunostimulation, PCV-2 and PMWS. Vet Rec 147:170-171, 2000
7. Allan GM, McNeilly F, McNair I, O'Connor B, Meehan B, Gilpin D, Ellis J, Townsend H, Lasagna C, Boriosi G, Krakowka S: Neonatal vaccination for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome: a field trial. Pig J 48:33, 2001
8. Allan GM, McNeilly F, Meehan B, Ellis JA, Comer TJ, McNair I, Krakowka S, Kennedy S: A sequential study of experimental infection of pigs with porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus: immunostaining of cryostat sections and virus isolation. J Vet Med 47:81-94, 2000
9. Allan GM, McNeilly F, Meehan BM, Kennedy S, Mackie DP, Ellis JA, Clark EG, Espuna E, Saubi N, Riera P, Botner A, Charreyre CE: Isolation and characterization of circoviruses from pigs with wasting syndromes in Spain, Denmark and Northern Ireland. Vet. Microbiol 66:115-123, 1999
10. Ameisen JC, Capron A: Cell dysfunction and depletion in AIDS: the programmed cell death cell hypothesis. Immunol Today 12:102-105, 1991
11. Boseman FT, Visser BC, van Oeveren J: Apoptosis: pathophysiology of programmed cell death. Pathol Res Pract 192:676-683, 1996
12. Clark EG: Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Proc 28:499-501, 1997
13. Ellis J, Hassard L, Clark E, Harding J, Allan G, Willson P, Strokappe J, Martin K, McNeilly F, Meehan B, Todd D, Haines D: Isolation of circovirus from lesions of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Can Vet J 39:44-51, 1998
14. Ellis JA, Bratanich A, Clark EG, Allan G, Meehan B, Haines DM, Harding J, West KH, Krakowka S, Konoby C, Lassard L, Martin K, McNeilly F: Coinfection by porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus in pigs with naturally acquired postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 12:21-27, 2000
15. Ellis JA, Lairmore M, Krakowka S, Bratanich A, Haines DM, Clark EG, Allan G, Konoby C, Hassard L, Meehan B, Harding J, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Martin K: Reproduction of lesions of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic piglets. J Vet Diagn Invest 11:3-14, 1999
16. Esolen LM, Park SW, Hardwick JM, Griffin DE: Apoptosis as a cause of death in measles virus infected cells. J Virol 69:3955-3958, 1995
17. Fenaux M, Halbur PG, Haqshenas G, Royer R, Thomas P, Nawagitgul P, Gill M, Toth TE, Meng XJ: Cloned genomic DNA of type 2 porcine circovirus is infectious when injected directly into the liver and lymph nodes of pigs: characterization of clinical disease, virus distribution, and pathologic lesions. J Virol 76:541-551, 2002
18. Gibson JP, Grisemer RA, Koestner A: Experimental distemper in the gnotobiotic dog. Pathol Vet 2:1-19, 1965.
19. Gilpin DF, McCullough KC, Meehan BM, McNeilly F, McNair I, Stevenson LS, Foster JC, Ellis JA, Krakowka S, Adair BM, Allan GM: In vitro studies on the infection and replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in cells of the porcine immune system. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 94:149-161, 2003
20. Guo A, Lu CP: Canine distemper virus causes apoptosis of Vero cells. J Vet Med B 47:183-190, 2000
21. Harding J: Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PWMS): preliminary epidemiology and clinical presentation. Proc Am Assoc Swine Pract 503 1997
22. Harms PA, Sorden S, Halbur P, Bolin SR, Lager KM, Morozov I, Paul PS: Experimental reproduction of severe disease in CD/CD pigs concurrently infected with PRRSV and type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Pathol 38:528-539, 2001
23. Hess AD: Mechanisms of action of cyclosporine: considerations for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 68:220-228, 1993
24. Jestin A, Mahe B, Blanchard P, le Dimma M, Cariolte R, Truong C, Keranflec'h A, Madec F, Albin a E: Protection of swine from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) conferred by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) ORF2 protein. Proc ssDNA Viruses of Plants, Birds, Pigs and Primates, p. 139, 2001
25. Kearns RJ, Ringler SS, Krakowka S, Tallman R, Oglesbee M: The effects of extracorporeal whole body hyperthermia on the functional and phenotypic features of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Immunol 116:188-192, 1999
26. Kelly WR: The liver and biliary tract. In: Pathology of Domestic Animals, ed. Jubb KVC, Kennedy PC, and Palmer N, 4th ed., pp. 319-406. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1993
27. Krakowka S, Axthelm MK, Johnson JC: Canine distemper virus. In: Comparative Pathobiology of Viral Diseases, vol 2, ed. Olsen RG, Krakowka S, and Blakeslee J, pp. 137-164. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1985
28. Krakowka S, Eaton KA: Helicobacter pylori infection in gnotobiotic piglets: a model of human gastric bacterial disease. In: Advances in Swine in Biomedical Research, vol II, ed. Tumbleson M, and Schook L, pp. 779-810. Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1996
29. Krakowka S, Ellis JA, McNeilly F, Gilpin D, Meehan B, McCullough K, Allan GA: Immunologic features of porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Virol Immunol 15:567-582, 2002
30. Krakowka S, Ellis JA, McNeilly F, Ringler S, Rings DM, Allan GM: Activation of the immune system is the pivotal event in the production of wasting disease in pigs infected with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2). Vet Pathol 38:31-42, 2001
31. Krakowka S, Ellis JA, Meehan B, Kennedy S, McNeilly F, Allan GA: Viral wasting syndrome of swine: experimental reproduction of PMWS in gnotobiotic swine by co-infection with porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV). Vet Pathol 37:274-282, 2000
32. Kyriakis SC, Saoulidis K, Lekkas S, Miliotis CHC, Papoutis PA, Kennedy S: The effects of immunomodulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J Comp Pathol 126:38-46, 2002
33. Mankertz A, Persson F, Mankertz J: Mapping and characterization of the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus. J Virol. 71:2562-2566, 1997
34. McNeilly F, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Meehan BM, Foster JC, Clark EG, Ellis JA, Haines DM, Adair BM, Allan GM: A comparison of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of a new porcine circovirus in formalin-fixed tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). J Virol Methods 80:123-128, 1999
35. McNeilly F, McNair F, Mackie DP, Meehan BM, Kennedy S, Moffett D, Ellis JA, Krakowka S, Allan GM: Production characterization and applications of monoclonal antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2. Arch Virol 146:909-922, 2001
36. Meehan BM, Gilpin DF, Krakowka S, Ellis JA, McNeilly F, Allan GM: In vivo quantification of PCV2 DNAs: correlation of virus load measurements with disease production. Proc ssDNA Viruses of Plants, Birds, Pigs and Primates, p. 102, 2001
37. Meehan BM, McNeilly F, Todd F, Allan GM: Characterization of novel circovirus DNA's associated with wasting syndromes in pigs. J Gen Virol 79:2171-2179, 1998
38. Moro L, Martins A de Sousa, Alves C de Moraes, Santos de Araujo FG, Nunes dos Santos JE, Carneiro RA, Carvalho R, Vasconcelos AC: Apoptosis in canine distemper. Arch Virol 148:153-164, 2003
39. Morozov I, Sirinarumitr T, Sorden SD, Halbur PG, Morgan MK, Yoon K-J, Paul PS: Detection of a novel strain of porcine circovirus in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 36:2535-2541, 1998
40. Oglesbee MJ, Alldinger S, Vasconcelos D, Diehl K, Shinko P, Baumgartner W, Tallman R, Podell M: Intrinsic thermal resistance of the canine brain. Neuroscience 113:55-64, 2002
41. Oglesbee MJ, Diehl K, Crawford E, Kearns R, Krakowka S: Whole body hyperthermia: effects upon canine immune and hemostatic functions. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 69:185-200, 1999
42. Rohovsky MW, Griesemer RA: Experimental feline infectious enteritis in the germfree cat. Pathol Vet 4:391-410, 1967
43. Rosell C, Segales J, Domingo M: Hepatitis and staging of hepatic damage in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. Vet Pathol 37:687-692, 2000
44. Rosell C, Segales J, Plana-Duran J, Balasch M, Rodriguez-Arrioja GM, Kennedy S, Allan GM, McNeilly F, Latimer KS, Domingo M: Pathological, immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridization studies of natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. J Comp Pathol 120:59-78, 1999
45. Sakaguchi Y, Stephens LC, Makino M, Kaneko T, Strebel FR, Danhauser LL, Jenkins GN, Bull JM: Apoptosis in tumors and normal tissues induced by whole body hyperthermia in rats. Cancer Res 55:5459-5464, 1995
46. Sarli G, Della Salda L, Zaccaro L, Bendinelli M, Piedmonte G, Marcato PS: Apoptotic fraction in lymphoid tissue of FIV-infected SPF cats. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 64:33-34, 1999
47. Sarli G, Mandrioli L, Laurenti M, Sidoli L, Cerati C, Rolla G, Marcato PS: Immunohistochemical characterization of the lymph node reaction in pig postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 83:53-67, 2000
48. Segales J, Domingo M: Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. A review. Vet Q 24:109-124, 2002
49. Shibahara T, Sato K, Ishikawa Y, Kadota K: Porcine circovirus induces B lymphocyte depletion in pigs with wasting disease. J Vet Med Sci 62:1125-1131, 2000
50. Sodja C, Brown DL, Walker PR, Chaly N: Splenic T lymphocytes die preferentially during heat induced apoptosis: NuMA reorganization as a marker. J Cell Sci 111:2305-2313, 1998
51. Tischer I, Rasch R, Tochtermann G: Characterization of papovavirus- and picornavirus-like particles in permanent piglet kidney cell lines. Zentrabl-Bakertiol-Org-A 226:153-167, 1974
52. Todd D, McNulty MS, Adair BM, Allan GM: Animal circoviruses. Adv Virus Res 57:1-70, 2001
53. Walker IW, Konoby CA, Jewhurst VA, McNair I, McNeilly F, Meehan BM, Cottrell TS, Ellis JA, Allan GM: Development and application of a competitive ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2. J Vet Diagn Invest 12:400-405, 2000
54. Wong RL, Winslow CM, Cooper KD: The mechanism of action of cyclosporine A in the treatment of psoriasis. Immunol Today 14:69-74, 1993