Update on orbital trauma

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 411-415

  Chang, Eli L ^a   Bernardino, C Robert ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b EMORY EYE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Orbital fracture; Traumatic optic neuropathy; Zygoma fracture

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OPTIC NERVE DISEASE; ORBIT FRACTURE; ORBIT INJURY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; TREATMENT INDICATION; ZYGOMA ARCH FRACTURE;

HUMANS; OPTIC NERVE INJURIES; ORBIT; ORBITAL FRACTURES; ZYGOMA; ZYGOMATIC FRACTURES;

EID: 4644245138     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.icu.0000137854.37950.fb     Document Type: Review

References (24)

1. Fan X, Li J, Zhu J, et al.: Computer-assisted orbital volume measurement in the surgical correction of late enophthalmos caused by blowout fractures. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2003, 9:207-211. An excellent study demonstrating that CT volume analysis can predict posttraumatic enophthalmos and need for volume augmentation.
2. Jank S, Emshoff R, Etzelsdorfer M, et al.: Ultrasound versus computed tomography in the imaging of orbital floor fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004, 62:150-154. An interesting study demonstrating that ultrasonography can be as effective as CT in visualizing orbital floor fractures.
3. Jank S, Emshoff R, Etzelsdorfer M, et al.: The diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the detection of orbital floor fractures with a curved array transducer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004, 33:13-18.
4. Friedrich RE, Heiland M, Bartel-Friedrich S: Potentials of ultrasound in the diagnosis of midfacial fractures. Clin Oral Invest 2003, 7:226-229. An excellent study that presents the advantages and the limitations of ultrasonographic diagnosis of midfacial fractures. Ultrasonography-visualized zygoma and orbital rim fractures; deep orbital fractures, and nondisplaced fractures were difficult to visualize with ultrasonography.
5. Kokoska MS, Hardeman S, Stack BC, et al.: Computer-aided reduction of zygomatic fractures. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2003, 5:434-436.
6. Nkenke E, Benz M, Maier T, et al.: Relative en- and exophthalmometry in zygomatic fractures comparing optical non-contact, non-ionizing 3D imaging to the Hertel instalment and computed tomography. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2003, 31:362-368. This study demonstrates the difficulty of determining proper globe position in midfacial trauma. Hertel exophthalmometry is particularly limited because it relies on good lateral rim positioning; in the presence of zygoma trauma its measurements may be unreliable compared with CT or dimensional imaging.
7. Ploder O, Oeckher M, Klug C, et al.: Follow-up study of treatment of orbital floor fractures: relation of clinical data and software-based CT analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003, 32:257-262.
8. Burnstine MA: Clinical recommendations for repair of orbital facial fractures. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2003, 14:236-240. An excellent meta-analysis of the management of orbital fractures. Clinical signs of the "white- eyed" fracture, presence of oculocardiac reflex, and evidence of soft tissue entrapment on CT requires urgent intervention.
9. Matteini C, Renzi G, Becelli R, et al.: Surgical timing in orbital fracture treatment: experience with 108 consecutive cases. J Craniofac Surg 2004, 15:145-150. A good analysis of orbital fractures that determined that the need for urgent intervention includes orbital apex fractures, penetrating foreign bodies, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
10. Cohen SM, Garrett CG: Pediatric orbital floor fractures: nausea/vomiting as signs of entrapment. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003, 129:43-47. Interesting analysis demonstrating that nausea and vomiting in children is predictive of muscle entrapment in a floor fracture.
11. Baek SH, Lee EY: Clinical analysis of internal orbital fractures in children. Korean J Ophthalmol 2003, 17:44-49. This study demonstrates not only that bradycardia and nausea/vomiting can predict the presence of muscle entrapment in a fracture, but that urgent repair leads to resolution of all symptoms.
12. Otori N, Haruna S, Moriyama H: Endoscopic endonasal or transmaxillary repair of orbital floor fracture: a study of 88 patients treated in our department. Acta Otolaryngol 2003, 123:718-723. Interesting approach to orbital floor fracture repair with reduction of fracture with a urinary balloon catheter deployed via endoscopie visualization.
13. Sanno T, Tahara S, Nomura T, et al.: Endoscopic endonasal reduction for blowout fracture of the medial orbital wall. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003, 112:1228-1237. A novel approach to medial wall fracture repair: endonasal reduction and repair with placement of silicone sheets.
14. Liu D: Blindness after blow-out fracture repair. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1994, 10:206-210.
15. Shere JL, Boole JR, Holtel MR, et al.: An analysis of 3599 midfacial and 1141 orbital blowout fractures among 4426 United States Army Soldiers, 1980-2000. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004, 130:164-170. Excellent epidemiologic analysis of orbital fractures demonstrating high concurrence of ocular trauma with orbital fractures. Demonstrates the need for ophthalmologic evaluation of midfacial and orbital fractures.
16. Fulcher TP, Sullivan TJ: Orbital roof fractures: management of ophthalmic complications. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2003, 19:359-363. Interesting analysis of orbital roof fractures that offer present with concurrent ocular penetrating trauma, orbital foreign bodies, other orbital fractures, and optic neuropathy.
17. Becelli R, Renzi G, Mannino G, et al.: Posttraumatic obstruction of lacrimal pathways: a retrospective analysis of 58 consecutive naso-orbitoethmoid fractures. J Craniofac Surg 2004, 15:29-33.
18. Yavuzer R, Tuncer S, Basterzi Y, et al.: Reconstruction of orbital floor fracture using solvent-preserved bone graft. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004, 113:34-44. An excellent study that reviews damage to the nasolacrimal drainage system in the setting of naso-orbito-ethmoidal fractures. Tearing is a significant consequence of this fracture pattern but often resolves within 5 months. Symptoms that do not resolve require dacryocystorhinostomy.
19. Rubin PA, Bilyk JR, Shore JW: Orbital reconstruction using porous polyethylene sheets. Ophthalmology 1994, 101:1697-1708.
20. Nunery WR: Risk of prion transmission with the use of xenografts and allografts in surgery. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2001, 17:389-394.
21. Goldenberg-Cohen N, Miller NR, Repka MX: Traumatic optic neuropathy in children and adolescents. J AAPOS 2004, 8:20-27. An excellent review of traumatic optic neuropathy in patients under 18 years of age. Most are in the presence of blunt trauma. Unfortunately, visual outcome is typically poor despite any form of intervention.
22. Yang WG, Chen CT, Tsay PK, et al.: Outcome for traumatic optic neuropathy: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Ann Plast Surg 2004, 52:36-42.
23. Rajiniganth MG, Gupta AK, Gupta A, et al.: Traumatic optic neuropathy: visual outcome following combined therapy protocol. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003, 129:1203-1206. An interesting study suggesting that a combination of high-dose IV steroids and optic canal decompression may offer improvement of visual acuity in traumatic optic neuropathy.
24. Levin LA, Beck RW, Joseph MP, et al.: The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy: the International Optic Nerve Trauma Study. Ophthalmology 1999, 106:1268-1277.