The hypothalamic path to obesity

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 17, Issue SUPPL. 4, 2004, Pages 1289-1295

  Boston, Bruce A ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Agouti related peptide; Ghrelin; Leptin; Melanocortin 4 receptor; Neuropeptide Y; Obesity; Prohormone convertase; Proopiomelanocortin; Weight set point

Indexed keywords

FURIN; LEPTIN; LEPTIN RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; NEUROHORMONE; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; RECOMBINANT LEPTIN;

ADIPOCYTE; ARTICLE; CHILD; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FAMILIAL DISEASE; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD INTAKE; GENE MUTATION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE INHIBITION; HORMONE RELEASE; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; IDIOPATHIC DISEASE; METABOLIC REGULATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MOUSE; MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE; NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PATHOGENESIS;

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; HUMANS; HYPOTHALAMUS; OBESITY;

EID: 4644243565     PISSN: 0334018X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Troiano RP, Flegal KM. Overweight children and adolescents: description, epidemiology, and demographics. Pediatrics 1998; 101: 497-504.
2. Freedman DS, Srinivasan SR, Valdez RA, Williamson DF, Berenson GS. Secular increases in relative weight and adiposity among children over two decades: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 420-426.
3. Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, Johnson CL. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991 [comment]. JAMA 1994; 272: 205-211.
4. Wolf AM, Colditz GA. Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States [comment]. Obes Res 1998; 6: 97-106.
5. Wang G, Dietz WH. Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979-1999. Pediatrics 2002; 109: e81-1 [erratum appears in Pediatrics 2002; 109: 1195].
6. McGinnis JM, Foege WH. Actual causes of death in the United States [comment]. JAMA 1993; 270: 2207-2212.
7. Stunkard AJ, Foch TT, Hrubec Z. A twin study of human obesity. JAMA 1986; 256: 51-54.
8. Allison DB, Kaprio J, Korkeila M, Koskenvuo M, Neale MC, Hayakawa K. The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apart. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20: 501-506.
9. Faith MS, Pietrobelli A, Nunez C, Heo M, Heymsfield SB, Allison DB. Evidence for independent genetic influences on fat mass and body mass index in a pediatric twin sample. Pediatrics 1999; 104: 61-67.
10. Wadden TA, Sternberg JA, Letizia KA, Stunkard AJ, Foster GD. Treatment of obesity by very low calorie diet, behavior therapy, and their combination: a five-year perspective. Int J Obes 1989; 13: 39-46.
11. Wadden TA. Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction. Results of clinical research trials. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 688-693.
12. Pasquet P, Apfelbaum M. Recovery of initial body weight and composition after long-term massive over-feeding in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 861-863.
13. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-432.
14. Friedman JM, Halaas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature 1998; 395: 763-770.
15. Baskin DG, Hahn TM, Schwartz MW. Leptin sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. Horm Metab Res 1999; 31: 345-350.
16. Cowley MA, Pronchuk N, Fan W, Dinulescu DM, Colmers WF, Cone RD. Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat. Neuron 1999; 24: 155-163.
17. Fan W, Boston BA, Kesterson RA, Hruby VJ, Cone RD. Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome. Nature 1997; 385: 165-168.
18. Gehlert DR. Role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y in feeding and obesity. Neuropeptides 1999; 33: 329-338.
19. Chen P, Li C, Haskell-Luevano C, Cone RD, Smith MS. Altered expression of agouti-related protein and its colocalization with neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus during lactation. Endocrinology 1999; 140: 2645-2650.
20. Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Yang YK, Kerns JA, Chen Y, Gantz I, Barsh GS. Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science 1997; 278: 135-138 [erratum appears in Science 1998; 281: 1615].
21. Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, Kojima M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K, Matsukura S. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 2001; 409: 194-198.
22. Batterham RL, Cowley MA, Small CJ, Herzog H, Cohen MA, Dakin CL, Wren AM, Brynes AE, Low MJ, Ghatei MA, Cone RD, Bloom SR. Gut hormone PYY(3-36) physiologically inhibits food intake [comment). Nature 2002; 418: 650-654.
23. Bouchard C. Genetics of human obesity: recent results from linkage studies. J Nutr 1997; 127: 1887S-1890S.
24. Comuzzie AG, Hixson JE, Almasy L, Mitchell BD, Mahaney MC, Dyer TD, Stern MP, MacCluer JW, Blangero J. A major quantitative trait locus determining serum leptin levels and fat mass is located on human chromosome 2. Nat Genet 1997; 15: 273-276.
25. Farooqi IS, Yeo GS, Keogh JM, Aminian S, Jebb SA, Butler G, Cheetham T, O'Rahilly S. Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency [comment]. J Clin Invest 2000; 106: 271-279.
26. Montague CT, Farooqi IS, Whitehead JP, Soos MA, Rau H, Wareham NJ, Sewter CP, Digby JE, Mohammed SN, Hurst JA, Cheetham CH, Earley AR, Barnett AH, Prins JB, O'Rahilly S. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature 1997; 387: 903-908.
27. Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, Cabrol S, Pelloux V, Cassuto D, Gourmelen M, Dina C, Chambaz J, Lacorte JM, Basdevant A, Bougneres P, Lebouc Y, Froguel P, Guy-Grand B. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction [comment]. Nature 1998; 392: 398-401.
28. Krude H, Biebermann H, Luck W, Horn R, Brabant G, Grüters A. Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans. Nat Genet 1998; 19: 155-157.
29. Jackson RS, Creemers JW, Ohagi S, Raffin-Sanson ML, Sanders L, Montague CT, Hutton JC, O'Rahilly S. Obesity and impaired prohormone processing associated with mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1 gene [comment]. Nat Genet 1997; 16: 303-306.
30. Farooqi IS, Keogh JM, Yeo GS, Lank EJ, Cheetham T, O'Rahilly S. Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene [comment]. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1085-1095.
31. Branson R, Potoczna N, Kral JG, Lentes KU, Hoehe MR, Horber FF. Binge eating as a major phenotype of melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutations (comment]. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1096-1103.
32. Weide K, Christ N, Moar KM, Arens J, Hinney A, Mercer JG, Eiden S, Schmidt I. Hyperphagia, not hypometabolism, causes early onset obesity in melanocortin-4 receptor knockout mice [comment]. Physiol Genomics 2003; 13: 47-56.
33. Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, Lawrence E, Cheetham CH, Prentice AM, Hughes IA, McCamish MA, O'Rahilly S. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency [comment]. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 879-884.
34. O'Rahilly S. Leptin: defining its role in humans by the clinical study of genetic disorders. Nutr Rev 2002; 60: S30-S34; discussion S68-84, 85-87.