Inorganic-organic hybrid polymers with pendent sulfonated cyclic phosphazene side groups as potential proton conductive materials for direct methanol fuel cells

Journal of Membrane Science

Volumn 320, Issue 1-2, 2008, Pages 206-214

  Fei, Shih To ^a   Wood, Richard M ^a   Lee, David K ^a   Stone, David A ^a   Chang, Hwei Liang ^b   Allcock, Harry R ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Fuel cell; Methanol crossover; Phosphazene; Proton conduction; ROMP

Indexed keywords

CARBON NANOTUBES; DEIONIZED WATER; DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION; DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS (DMFC); ELECTRIC BATTERIES; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; FUEL CELLS; GAMMA RAYS; HYBRID MATERIALS; ION EXCHANGE; ION EXCHANGERS; METHANOL; METHANOL FUELS; ORGANIC POLYMERS; PHOTORESISTS; POLYMERS; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; PROTONS;

CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS; DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL (DFMC); HYBRID POLYMERS; INORGANIC ORGANIC; INORGANIC-ORGANIC HYBRID POLYMERS; ION-EXCHANGE CAPACITY (IEC); METHANOL CROSS OVER; METHANOL PERMEABILITY; PENDENT GROUPS; PHOSPHAZENE; PROTON CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS; RADIATION CROSS-LINKING; ROOM-TEMPERATURE (RT); SULFONIC ACID (SFA); SYNTHETIC METHODS; WATER SWELLING;

CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS;

ALKENE DERIVATIVE; METHANOL; POLYMER;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MEMBRANE; CROSS LINKING; ELECTRIC BATTERY; GAMMA RADIATION; HYDROPHOBICITY; ION EXCHANGE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTON TRANSPORT;

EID: 46349089590     PISSN: 03767388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.03.072     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Winter M., and Brodd R.J. What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors?. Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 4245-4270
2. Deluca N.W., and Elabd Y.A. Polymer electrolyte membranes for the direct methanol fuel cell: a review. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 44 (2006) 2201-2225
3. Scott K., and Shukla A.K. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: principles and advances. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 3 (2004) 273-280
4. Elabd Y.A., Walker C.W., and Beyer F.L. Triblock copolymer ionomer membranes. Part II. Structure characterization and its effects on transport properties and direct methanol fuel cell performance. J. Membr. Sci. 231 (2004) 181-188
5. Yeager H.L., and Steck A. Cation and water diffusion in Nation ion exchange membranes: influence of polymer structure. J. Electrochem. Soc. 128 (1981) 1880-1884
6. Mauritz K.A., and Moore R.B. State of understanding of Nafion. Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 4535-4585
7. Kreuer K.D. On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells. J. Membr. Sci. 185 (2001) 29-39
8. Kreuer K.D., Paddison S.J., Spohr E., and Schuster M. Transport in proton conductors for fuel cell applications: simulations, elementary reactions, and phenomenology. Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 4637-4678
9. Roziere J., and Jones D. Non-fluorinated polymer materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 33 (2003) 503-555
10. Schultz T., Zhou S., and Sundmacher K. Current status of and recent developments in the direct methanol fuel cell. Chem. Eng. Technol. 24 (2001) 1223-1233
11. Heinzel A., and Barragan V.M. A review of the state-of-the-art of the methanol crossover in direct methanol fuel cells. J. Power Sources 84 (1999) 70-74
12. Hickner M.A., Ghassemi H., Kim Y.S., Einsla B.R., and McGrath J.E. Alternative polymer systems for proton exchange membranes (PEMs). Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 4587-4612
13. Allcock H.R., and Wood R.M. Design and synthesis of ion-conductive polyphosphazenes for fuel cell applications: review. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 44 (2006) 2358-2368
14. Carter R., Wycisk R., Yoo H., and Pintauro P.N. Blended polyphosphazene/polyacrylonitrile membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochem. Solid State Lett. 5 (2002) A195-A197
15. Zhou X., Weston J., Chalkova E., Hofmann M.A., Ambler C.M., Allcock H.R., and Lvov S.N. High temperature transport properties of polyphosphazene membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta 48 (2003) 2173-2180
16. Wycisk R., Lee J.K., and Pintauro P.N. Sulfonated polyphosphazene-polybenzimidazole membranes for DMFCs. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2005) A892-A898
17. Guo Q., Pintauro P.N., Tang H., and O'Connor S. Sulfonated and crosslinked polyphosphazene-based proton-exchange membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 154 (1999) 175-181
18. Allcock H.R., Hartle T.J., Taylor J.P., and Sunderland N.J. Organic polymers with cyclophosphazene side groups: influence of the phosphazene on physical properties and thermolysis. Macromolecules 34 (2001) 3896-3904
19. Allcock H.R. New approaches to hybrid polymers that contain phosphazene rings. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 17 (2006) 349-359
20. Allcock H.R., Laredo W.R., deDenus C.R., and Taylor J.P. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of phosphazene-functionalized norbornenes. Macromolecules 32 (1999) 7719-7725
21. Bielawski C.W., and Grubbs R.H. Living ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Prog. Polym. Sci. 32 (2007) 1-29
22. Randall M.L., and Snapper M.L. Selective olefin metathesis-new tools for the organic chemist: a review. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 133 (1998) 29-40
23. Allcock H.R., Laredo W.R., Kellam E.C., and Morford R.V. Polynorbornenes bearing pendent cyclotriphosphazenes with oligoethyleneoxy side groups: behavior as solid polymer electrolytes. Macromolecules 34 (2001) 784-794
24. Welna D.T., Stone D.A., and Allcock H.R. Lithium-ion conductive polymers as prospective membranes for lithium-seawater batteries. Chem. Mater. 18 (2006) 4486-4492
25. Kim J., Kim B., and Jung B. Proton conductivities and methanol permeabilities of membranes made from partially sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene copolymers. J. Membr. Sci. 207 (2002) 129-137
26. Xing P., Robertson G.P., Guiver M.D., Mikhailenko S.D., Wang K., and Kaliaguine S. Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) for proton exchange membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 229 (2004) 95-106
27. Genies C., Mercier R., Sillion B., Cornet N., Gebel G., and Pineri M. Soluble sulfonated naphthalenic polyimides as materials for proton exchange membranes. Polymer 42 (2001) 359-373
28. Kopitzke R.W., Linkous C.A., and Nelson G.L. Sulfonation of a poly(phenylquinoxaline) film. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 36 (1998) 1197-1199
29. Asensio J.A., Borros S., and Gomez-Romero P. Proton-conducting polymers based on benzimidazoles and sulfonated benzimidazoles. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 40 (2002) 3703-3710
30. Allcock H.R., Klingenberg E.H., and Welker M.F. Alkanesulfonation of cyclic and high polymeric phosphazenes. Macromolecules 26 (1993) 5512-5519
31. Pangborn A.B., Giardello M.A., Grubbs R.H., Rosen R.K., and Timmers F.J. Safe and convenient procedure for solvent purification. Organometallics 15 (1996) 1518-1520
32. Blanco J.M., Fernández F., García-Mera X., and Rodrígues-Borges J.E. Divergent synthesis of two precursors of 3′-homo-2′-deoxy- and 2′-homo-3′-deoxy-carbocyclic nucleosides. Tetrahedron 58 (2002) 8843-8849
33. Hoogers G. Fuel Cell Technology Handbook (2003), CRC Press, New York
34. Zhou X., Weston J.A., Chalkova E., Hofmann M.A., Ambler C.M., Allcock H.R., and Lvov S.N. High temperature transport properties of polyphosphazene membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Electrochim. Acta 48 (2003) 2173-2180
35. Fedkin M.V., Zhou X., Hofmann M.A., Chalkova E., Weston J.A., Allcock H.R., and Lvov S.N. Evaluation of methanol crossover in proton-conducting polyphosphazene membranes. Mater. Lett. 52 (2002) 192-196
36. Lapinte V., Brosse J.-C., and Fontaine L. Synthesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactivity of endo-and exo-norbornenylazlactone using ruthenium catalysts. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 205 (2004) 824-833
37. Seehof N., Grutke S., and Risse W. Selective reaction of exo-isomers in ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of fluoroalkyl-substituted norbornene derivatives. Macromolecules 26 (1993) 695-700
38. Sohn B.H., Gratt J.A., Lee J.K., and Cohen R.E. Hydrogenation of ring opening metathesis polymerization polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 58 (1995) 1041-1046
39. Allcock H.R., and Fitzpatrick R.J. Sulfonation of (aryloxy)- and (arylamino)phosphazenes: small-molecule compounds, polymers, and surfaces. Chem. Mater. 3 (1991) 1120-1132
40. Montoneri E., Gleria M., Ricca G., and Pappalardo G.C. New acid-polyfunctional water-soluble phosphazenes: synthesis and spectroscopic characterization. J. Macromol. Sci. A: Pure Appl. Chem. 26 (1989) 645-661
41. Wysick R., and Pintauro P.N. Sulfonated polyphosphazene ion-exchange membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 119 (1996) 155-160
42. Li Q., He R., Jensen J.O., and Bjerrum N.J. Approaches and recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells operating above 100 °C. Chem. Mater. 15 (2003) 4896-4915
43. Narayanan S.R., Yen S.-P., Liu L., and Greenbaum S.G. Anhydrous proton-conducting polymeric electrolytes for fuel cells. J. Phys. Chem. B 110 (2006) 3942-3948
44. Yamada M., and Honma I. Anhydrous proton conducting polymer electrolytes based on poly(vinylphosphonic acid)-heterocycle composite material. Polymer 46 (2005) 2986-2992
45. Yamada M., and Honma I. Alginic acid-imidazole composite material as anhydrous proton conducting membrane. Polymer 45 (2004) 8349-8354
46. Roziere J., Deborah J.J., and Marrony M. On the doping of sulfonated polybenzimidazole with strong bases. Solid State Ionics 145 (2001) 61-68