The ash and the red material from Qumran

Dead Sea Discoveries

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-15

  Amar, Zohar ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 46249102774     PISSN: 09290761     EISSN: 15685179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156851798X00208     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. V.M. Jones, Qumran Excavations, Cave of the Column Complex & Environs, (Arlington: Vendyl Jones Research Institutes, 1995)
2. D.C. Browning, "The Strange Search for the Ashes of the Red Heifer," Biblical Archaeologist 52 (1996) 74-89
3. The results of this study are brought in T. Hutter's article; see Jones, 52
4. Y. Feliks, Trees: Aromatic, Ornamental, and Forest in the Biblical and Rabbinic Literature (Jerusalem: Rubin Mass Press, 1997) 21-22
5. Josephus, The Jewish War (trans. H.J. Thackeray; London: William Heineman Ltd. and Harvard University Press, 1967) 489
6. J. Kafih, Halikhot Teiman [Daily Life in Yemen] (Jerusalem: Kiryat-Sefer, 1987) 185. (in Hebrew)
7. C. Warren, Underground Jerusalem (London: Richrad Bentley and Sun Press, 1876) 505
8. M. Marin & D. Waines, Kanz al-Fawa'id fi Tanwi al-Mawa'id (Beirut: In Kommisson Bei Steiner Verlag Stuttgart; 1993) 227-30, 284
9. R. Y. Edelstein, "Tzimhei Eretz Yisrael," [The plants of the land of Israel] Heasif 4 (1888) 103. (in Hebrew)
10. The agronomist Ohagen notes the widespread distribution of these plants and adds: "that is what the Bedouins burn to produce the qily used in making soap." See A. Sapir (trans.) Eretz Yisrael v'Suria [The Land of Israel and Syria] (Atin Press: Jaffa, 1912) 39, 69 (in Hebrew)
11. On the agricultural cultivation of saliferous plants for ash in Spain, see N. Shapira, "Le'toldot hasoda ve'darkei hafakata," [A contribution on the history of soda and its production] Korot 2 (1959) 231. (in Hebrew)
12. M.C.V. Volney, Voyage en Syrie et en Egypte pendant les annees 1783, 1784, & 1785 (Paris: Volland and Desenne, 1787) II. 299, 313-314
13. al-Muqaddasi, Ahsan al-taqasim fi Marifat al-Aqalim (ed. M.G. De Goeje; Leiden: Brill, 1906) 181
14. E. Ashtor & G. Cevidalli, "Levantine Alkali Ashes and European Industries," The Journal of European Economic History 12 (1983) 493-500
15. Ashtor & Cevidalli, 489. For a summary, see E. Ashtor, "The Economic Decline of The Middle East During the Later Middle Ages: an Outline," Asian and African Studies 15 (1981) 269-70
16. Ashtor & Cevidalli, 507 n. 121
17. R. Mantran & J. Sauvaget, Reglements Fiscaux Ottomans Les Provinces Syriennes (Beyrouth: Institut Francais de Damas, 1951) 69
18. S. Avitzur, Adam V'amalo: Atlas Letoldot Klei Avoda U'mitkanei Yitzur B'ertez Yisrael [Man and his labors, an Atlas of Tools and Production Apparatus in the Land of Israel] (Jerusalem: Carta Press, 1976) 184
19. idem, Nemal Yafo Be'gaavato U'vshekiato [The Port of Jaffa at its Height and in its Decline] (Tel-Aviv: Milo Press, 1972) 54. (in Hebrew)
20. Josephus, 369 There are those who maintain that the name "Essenes" was derived from the word "esia" - physician, because they healed by means of medicinal herbs. Also see: N. Klein, "Mesodot harefua shel ha'issi'im," [Some of the medical secrets of the Essenes] Teva V'aretz 13 (1971) 22-23. (in Hebrew)
21. M. Levey & N. al-Khaledy, The Medical Formulary of al-Samarqandi (Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967) 237
22. J. al-Qasimi, Qamus al-Sina'at al-Shamiyya (Paris: Mouton and Co. La Haye, 1962) II.216