What factors influence arterial blood gas sampling patterns?

Nursing in Critical Care

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 132-137

  Andrews, Tom ^a   Waterman, Heather ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arterial blood gas sampling; Blood loss; Iatrogenic; Intensive care

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; OXYGEN;

ARTERY; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; HUMAN; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; METHODOLOGY; PRESSURE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY;

ARTERIES; BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CRITICAL CARE; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; OXYGEN; PARTIAL PRESSURE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 46249092920     PISSN: 13621017     EISSN: 14785153     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-5153.2008.00275.x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Chernow B, Jackson E, Miller J, Wiese J. (1996). Blood conservation in acute care and critical care. Clinical Issues: Advanced Practice in Acute Critical Care; 7: 191–197.
2. Chohan S, McArdle F, McClelland D, Mackenzie S, Walsh T. (2003). Red cell transfusion practice following the transfusion requirements in critical care (TRICC) study: prospective observational cohort study in a large UK intensive care unit. Vox Sanguinis; 84: 211–218.
3. Clapham M, Willis N, Mapleson W. (1987). Minimum volume of discard for valid blood sampling from indwelling arterial cannulae. British Journal of Anaesthesia; 59: 232–235.
4. Diby M, Merlani P, Garnerin P, Ricou B. (2005). Harmonization of practice among different groups of caregivers: a guideline on arterial blood gas utilization. Journal of Nursing Care Quality; 20: 327–334.
5. Dodd R. (1992). The risk of transfusion-transmitted infection. New England Journal of Medicine; 327: 419–421.
6. Durbin C. (1995). Do arterial lines equal unnecessary testing? Chest; 108: 7–8.
7. Durbin C, Rostow S. (2002). More reliable oximetry reduces the frequency of arterial blood gas analysis and hastens oxygen weaning after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized trial of the clinical impact of a new technology. Critical Care Medicine; 30: 1735–1740.
8. Ellstrom K. (1989). Blood loss associated with phlebotomy in the ICU. Heart and Lung; 18: 307–308.
9. Ford C, Van Moorleghem G, Menlove R. (2003). Blood transfusions and postoperative wound infection. Surgery; 113: 80–87.
10. Fowler R, Berenson M. (2003). Blood conservation in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine; 31 (12 Suppl.): S715–S720.
11. Giuliano K, Grant M. (2002). Blood analysis at the point of care: issues in application for use in critically ill patients. AACN Clinical Issues; 13: 204–220.
12. Hashimoto F. (1982). Bleeding less for diagnostics. Journal of the American Medical Association; 248: 171.
13. Henry M, Garner W, Fabri B. (1986). Iatrogenic anemia. American Journal of Surgery; 151: 362–363.
14. Hess D, Medoff B. (1999). Respiratory monitoring. Current Opinion in Critical Care; 5: 52–70.
15. Hill S, Carless P, Henry D, Carson J, Herbert P, McClelland D, Henderson K. (2002). Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; CD002042.
16. Johnson K. (2005). Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. In: Morton P, Fontaine D, Hudack C, Gallo B, (eds), Critical Care Nursing, 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
17. Le Bourdelles G, Estagnaise P, Lenoir F, Brun P, Dreyfuss D. (1998). Use of a pulse oximeter in an adult emergency department: impact on the number of arterial blood gas analyses ordered. Chest; 113: 1042–1047.
18. Lennmarken C, Vegfors M. (1998). Advances in pulse oximetry. Current Opinions in Anaesthesiology; 11: 639–644.
19. Low L, Harrington G, Stoltzfus D. (1995). The effect of arterial lines on blood-drawing practices and costs in intensive care units. Chest; 108: 216–219.
20. Merlani P, Garnerin P, Diby M, Ferring M, Ricou B. (2001). Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care. British Medical Journal; 232: 620–624.
21. Mickler T, Longnecker D. (1992). The immunosuppressive aspects of blood transfusion. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine; 7: 176–188.
22. Muakkassa F, Rutledge R, Fabhry S, Meyer A, Sheldon G. (1990). ABGs and arterial lines: the relationship to unnecessarily drawn arterial blood gas samples. Journal of Trauma; 30: 1087–1095.
23. Napolitano L. (2004). Scope of the problem: epidemiology of anemia and use of blood transfusions in critical care. Critical Care; 8: S1–S8.
24. O’Hare D, Chilvers R. (2001). Arterial blood sampling practices in intensive care units in England and Wales. Anaesthesia; 56: 568–584.
25. Preusser B, Lash J, Stone K. (1989). Quantifying the minimum discard sample required for accurate arterial blood gases. Nursing Research; 38: 276–279.
26. Rickard C, Couchman B, Schmidt S, Dank A, Purdie D. (2003). A discard volume of twice the deadspace ensures clinically accurate arterial blood gases and electrolytes and prevents unnecessary blood loss. Critical Care Medicine; 31: 1654–1658.
27. Roberts D, Ostryzniuk P, Loewen Shanks A, Wasyluk T. (1991). Control of blood gas measurements in intensive care units. Lancet; 337: 1580–1582.
28. Rotello L, Warren J, Jastremski M, Milewske A. (1992). A nurse-directed protocol using pulse oximetry to wean mechanically ventilated patients from toxic oxygen concentrations. Chest; 102: 1833–1835.
29. Smoller B, Krushall M. (1986). Phlebotomy for diagnostic laboratory tests in adults. New England Journal of Medicine; 314: 1233–1235.
30. Stainsby D, Jones H, Asher D, Atterbury C, Boncinelli A, Brant L, Chapman C, Davison K, Gerrard R, Gray A. (2006). Serious hazards of transfusion: a decade of hemovigilance in the UK. Transfusion Medicine Reviews; 20: 273–282.
31. Tarpey J, Lawler P. (1990). Iatrogenic anaemia? A survey of venesection in patients in the intensive therapy unit. Anaesthesia; 45: 396–398.
32. Taylor R, Manganaro L, O’Brien J, Trottier S, Parkar N, Veremakis C. (2002). Impact of allogenic packed red blood cell transfusion on nosocomial infection rates in the critically ill patient. Critical Care Medicine; 30: 2249–2254.
33. Vincent J, Baron J, Reinhart K, Gattioni L, Thijs L, Webb A, Meier-Hellman A, Nollet G, Peres-Bota D. (2002). Anemia and blood transfusion in critically ill patients. Journal of the American Medical Association; 288: 1499–1507.
34. von Ahsen N, Muller C, Serke S, Frei U, Eckardt K. (2001). Important role of nondiagnostic blood loss and blunted erythropoietic response in the anemia of medical intensive care patients. Critical Care Medicine; 29: S141–S150.
35. Wisser D, van Ackern K, Knoll E, Wisserman H, Bertsch T. (2003). Blood loss from laboratory tests. Clinical Chemistry; 49: 1651–1655.
36. Zimmerman J, Seneff M, Sun X, Wagner D, Knaus W. (1997). Evaluating laboratory usage in the intensive care unit: patient and institutional characteristics that influence frequency of blood sampling. Critical Care Medicine; 25: 737–748.