Predicting exposure to and liking of media violence: A uses and gratifications approach

Communication Studies

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 71-93

  Greene, Kathryn ^a   Krcmar, Marina ^b  

^a State University of New Jersey   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggressiveness; Androgyny; Media; Risk taking; Sensation seeking; Violent movies; Violent television

Indexed keywords

EID: 46049107963     PISSN: 10510974     EISSN: 17451035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0008957042000332250     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Anderson, DA, and Dill, KE. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78: 772–790.
2. Anderson, CM, and Martin, MM. (1999). The relationship of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness to cohesion, consensus, and satisfaction in small groups. Communication Reports, 12: 21–31.
3. Arnett, J. (1991). Still crazy after all these years: Reckless behavior among young adults aged 23–27. Personality and Individual Differences, 12: 1305–1313.
4. Atkin, CK, Smith, SW, Roberto, AJ, Fediuk, T, and Wagner, T. (2002). Correlates of verbally aggressive communication in adolescents. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30: 251–268.
5. Bem, SL. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42: 155–162.
6. Bukstein, OG. (1996). Aggression, violence, and substance abuse in adolescents. Adolescent Substance Abuse and Dual Disorders, 5: 93–109.
7. Chassin, L, Presson, CC, Bensenberg, M, Corty, E, Olshavsky, RW, and Sherman, SJ. (1981). Predicting adolescent’s intentions to smoke cigarettes. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22: 445–455.
8. Cole, JG, and McCroskey, JC. (2003). The association of perceived communication apprehension, shyness, and verbal aggression with perceptions of source credibility and affect in organizational and interpersonal contexts. Communication Quarterly, 51: 101–111.
9. Conway, JC, and Rubin, AM. (1991). Psychological predictors of television viewing motivation. Communication Research, 18: 443–463.
10. Donnerstein E, Slaby RG, Eron LD, (1994) The mass media and youth aggression In J. Murray, E. Rubinstein, & G. Comstock (Eds.) Violence and youth: Psychology’s response 2 pp. 219–250 Washington DC American Psychological Association
11. Donohew L, Finn S, Christ W, (1988) “The nature of news” revisited: The roles of affect, schemes, and cognition In L. Donohew, H. E. Sypher, & T. Higgins (Eds.) Communication, social cognition and affect (pp. 195–218) Hillsdale NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
12. Donohew, L, Palmgreen, P, and Duncan, J. (1980). An activation model of information exposure. Communication Monographs, 47: 295–303.
13. Donovan, JE, and Jessor, R. (1985). Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53: 890–904.
14. Finn, S. (1992). Television addiction? An evaluation of four competing media-use models. Journalism Quarterly, 69: 422–435.
15. Finn, S. (1997). Origins of media exposure. Communication Research, 24: 507–529.
16. Frantz, CM, and Seburn, M. (2003). Are argumentative people better or worse at seeing both sides?. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20: 565–574.
17. Gelles RJ, (1974) The violent home Beverly Hills CA Sage Publications
18. Gerbner G, Gross L, Morgan M, Signorielli N, (1994) Growing up with television: The cultivation perspective In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.) Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 17–41) Mahwah NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
19. Graham, K, Schmidt, G, and Gillis, K. (1996). Circumstances when drinking leads to aggression: An overview of research findings. Contemporary Drug Problems, 23: 493–557.
20. Haridakis, PM. (2002). Viewer characteristics, exposure to television violence and aggression. Media Psychology, 4: 323–352.
21. Ifert, DE, and Bearden, L. (1998). The influence of argumentativeness and verbal aggression on responses to refused requests. Communication Reports, 11: 145–154.
22. Infante, DA, Chandler, TA, and Rudd, JE. (1989). Test of an argumentative skill deficiency model of interspousal violence. Communication Monographs, 56: 163–177.
23. Infante, DA, and Rancer, AS. (1982). A conceptualization and measure of argumentativeness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46: 72–80.
24. Infante DA, Rancer AS, (1996) Argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness: A review of recent theory and research In B. Burleson (Ed.) Communication yearbook 19 (pp. 319–351) Thousand Oaks CA Sage
25. Infante, DA, and Wigley, CJ. (1986). Verbal aggressiveness: An interpersonal model and measure. Communication Monographs, 53: 61–69.
26. Jessor, R. (1987). Problem-behavior theory, psychosocial development, and adolescent problem drinking. Journal of Addiction, 82: 331–342.
27. Jessor R, Jessor SL, (1984) Adolescence to young adulthood: A twelve-year prospective study of problem behavior and psychosocial development In S. A. Mednick, M. Harway, & K. M. Finello (Eds.) Handbook of longitudinal research: Teenage and adult cohorts 2 pp. 34–61 New York Praeger
28. Katz E, Blumler JG, Gurevitch M, (1974) Utilization of mass communication by the individual In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.) The uses of mass communication: Current perspectives on gratifications research Beverly Hills CA Sage
29. Krcmar, M, and Greene, K. (1999). Predicting exposure to and uses of violent television. Journal of Communication, 49: 25–45.
30. Krcmar, M, and Greene, K. (2000). Violent television exposure as a contributor to adolescent risk taking behavior. Media Psychology, 2: 195–217.
31. Moss, HB, and Kirisci, L. (1995). Aggressivity in adolescent alcohol abusers: Relationship with conduct disorder. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 19: 642–646.
32. Oliver, MB, Weaver, JB, and Sargent, S. (2000). An examination of factors related to sex differences in enjoyment of sad films. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44: 282–300.
33. Paik, H, and Comstock, G. (1994). The effects of television violence on anti-social behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research, 21: 516–546.
34. Perloff, RM, Quarles, RC, and Drutz, M. (1983). Loneliness, depression, and the uses of television. Journalism Quarterly, 60: 352–356.
35. Potter, J, and Warren, R. (1998). Humor as camouflage of television violence. Journal of Communication, 48: 40–57.
36. Rachal JV, Williams JR, Brehm ML, Cavanaugh B, Moore RP, Eckerman WC, (1975) A national study of adolescent drinking behavior: Vol. I. The extent and nature of adolescent alcohol and drug use: The 1974 and 1978 national sample studies Research Triangle Park NC Research Triangle Institute
37. Roberto, AJ, and Finucane, ME. (1997). The assessment of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness in adolescent populations. Communication Quarterly, 45: 21–36.
38. Rust, M, and Wagner, D. (1998, June 1). Dumbing down God. Insight on News, 14(4): 8
39. Schrodt, P. (2003). Students’ appraisals of instructors as a function of students’ perceptions of instructors’ aggressive communication. Communication Education, 52: 106–122.
40. Simmons, D, Lamude, KG, and Scudder, J. (2003). Correlations among applicants’ communication apprehension, argumentativeness, and verbal aggressiveness in selection interviews. Psychological Reports, 92: 804–809.
41. Slater, MD. (2003). Alienation, aggression and sensation seeking as predictors of adolescent use of violent film, computer and website content. Journal of Communication, 53: 105–121.
42. Thomas, MH, Horton, RW, Lippencott, EC, and Drabman, RS. (1977). Desensitization to portrayals of real-life aggression as a function of exposure to television violence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35: 450–458.
43. Venable, KV, and Martin, MM. (1997). Argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness in dating relationships. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12: 955–964.
44. Weaver, JB. (1991). Exploring the links between personality and media preferences. Personality and Individual Differences, 12: 1293–1299.
45. Wheeless, VE, and Dierks-Stewart, K. (1981). The psychometric properties of the Bem sex-role inventory. Communication Quarterly, 29: 173–186.
46. Wilson BJ, Kunkel D, Linz D, Donnerstein E, Smith S, Blumenthal E, et al. (1997) Television violence and its context In Mediascope (Ed.) National television violence study, Vol. 1 Newbury Park CA Sage
47. Zuckerman M, (1994) Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensations seeking New York Cambridge University Press
48. Zuckerman, M, Kuhlman, DM, and Camac, C. (1988). What lies beyond E and N? Factor analyses of scales believed to measure basic dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54: 96–107.