Synthesis of a nano-crystalline solid acid catalyst from fly ash and its catalytic performance

Fuel

Volumn 87, Issue 13-14, 2008, Pages 2886-2892

  Khatri, Chitralekha ^a   Rani, Ashu ^a  

^a Government PG College Banswara   (India)

Author keywords

Esterification; Fly ash; Solid acid catalyst

Indexed keywords

ACIDITY; CATALYSIS; CATALYST ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; COAL ASH; CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; CRYSTALLITE SIZE; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; ENERGY RESOURCES; FLY ASH; HEAT TREATMENT; IRIDIUM; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; POWER PLANTS; SULFURIC ACID; SURFACE REACTIONS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); WASTE TREATMENT; WASTES; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS; X RAY SPECTROSCOPY;

(1 1 0) SURFACE; ACID-CATALYZED REACTIONS; ACTIVATED FLY ASH; CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES; CATALYTIC PERFORMANCES; COAL-BURNING POWER PLANTS; FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; NANO CRYSTALLINE; PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SYNTHESIS (OF CHIRAL IONIC LIQUIDS); WASTE MATERIAL; X RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD);

CHEMICAL ACTIVATION;

EID: 45949106309     PISSN: 00162361     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2008.04.011     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Ciccu R, Ghiani M, Muntoni A, Serci A. The Italian approach to the problem of fly ash. In: Proceedings of the international ash utilisation symposium, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 18-20 October; 1999.
2. Blanco F., Garcia M.P., and Ayala J. The effect of mechanically and chemically activated fly ashes on mortar properties. Fuel 85 (2006) 2018-2026
3. Yamada K, Haraguchi K, Gacho CC, Wongsiri BP, Pena ML. Removal of dyes from aqueous solution by sorption with coal fly ash. In: Proceedings of the international ash utilisation symposium, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 20-22 October; 2003.
4. Cohen H, Lederman E, Werner M, Pelly I, Polat M. Synergetic effect of coal fly ash as a scrubber to acidic wastes of the phosphate industry. In: Proceedings of the international ash utilisation symposium, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 20-22 October; 2003.
5. Kumar K., Kumar S., and Mehrotra S.P. Towards sustainable solutions for fly ash through mechanical activation. Resour Conserv Recycl 52 (2007) 157-179
6. Mallik D., Khanra S., and Chaudhuri S.K. Studies on the potential of coal fly ash as a heterogeneous catalyst in oxidation of aqueous sodium sulfide solutions with hydrogen peroxide. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 70 (1997) 231-240
7. Karapanagioti H.K., and Atalay A.S. Laboratory evaluation of ash materials as acid-disturbed land amendments. G Nest: Int J 3 (2001) 11-21
8. Potgeiter S.S., Potgeiter J.H., Kruger R.A., and Grieken R.V. A characterisation of the surface properties of an ultra fine fly ash (UFFA) used in the polymer industry. Fuel 84 (2005) 2295-2300
9. Lu Z. PhD thesis. Development of activated carbons from coal combustion by-products, Pennsylvania State University; 2002.
10. Blanco F., Garcia M.P., and Ayala J. Variation in fly ash properties with milling and acid leaching. Fuel 84 (2005) 89-96
11. Mallik D., and Chaudhuri S.K. Air oxidation of aqueous sodium sulfide solutions with coal fly ash. Wat Res 33 (1999) 585-590
12. Kastner J.R., Das K.C., Quentin B., and Melear N.D. Low temperature catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol using wood and coal fly ash. Environ Sci Technol 37 (2003) 2568-2574
13. Leer W.B.de.Ed., Lexmond R.J., and Zeeuw M.A. De. "De novo"-synthesis of chlorinated biphenyls, dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins in the fly ash catalyzed reaction of toluene with hydrochloric acid. Chemosphere 19 (1989) 1141-1152
14. Jarmohamed W., and Mulder P. Oxychlorination and combustion of propene on fly-ash Formation of chlorinated benzenes, dibenzodioxines and mono- and dibenzofurans. Chemosphere 29 (1994) 1911-1917
15. Narkhede H.P., More U.B., Dalas D.S., Pawar N.S., More D.H., and Mahulikar P.P. Fly-ash-supported synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives under microwave irradiation. Synt Comm 37 (2007) 573-577
16. Williamson K.L. Macroscale and microscale organic experiments. 2nd ed. (1994), Houghton Mifflin, Boston
17. Olmsted John III A. Synthesis of aspirin: a general chemistry experiment. J Chem Edu 75 (1998) 1261-1263
18. Peng Y., and Song G. Heteropoly acid catalyzed synthesis of aspirin. J Chem Edu 5 (2000) 144
19. Kuriakose G., and Nagaraju N. Selective synthesis of phenyl salicylate (salol) by esterification reaction over solid acid catalysts. J Mol Cat: A Chem 223 (2004) 155-159
20. Mirafzal G.A., and Summer J.M. Microwave irradiation reactions: synthesis of analgesic drugs. J Chem Edu 77 (2000) 356-357
21. Borer L.L. Experiments with aspirin. J Chem Edu 77 (2000) 354-355
22. Cullity B.D., and Stock S.R. Elements of X-ray diffraction. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle river (2001), Prentice Hall, NJ
23. Gregg S.J., and Sing K.S.W. Adsorption, surface area and porosity. 2nd ed. (1982), Academic Press, New York
24. Butsko Z.L., and Standik P.M. Influence of an electrical field on the structure of a silica gel. In: Strazhesko D.N. (Ed). Adsorption and adsorbents vol. 1 (1973), John Willey & Sons, New York 96-100
25. Saikia B.J., Parthasarthy G., Sarmah N.C., and Barvah G.D. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic characterization of naturally occurring glassy fulgurites. Bull Mater Sci 31 (2008) 155-158
26. Kutchko B.G., and Kim A.G. Fly ash characterization by SEM-EDS. Fuel 85 (2006) 2537-2544
27. Khatri C, Rani A. Green catalytic process for aspirin synthesis using fly ash as heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Indian Patent: 1980/DEL/2007.