Governing stem cell science in China and India: Emerging economies and the global politics of innovation

New Genetics and Society

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 145-159

  Salter, Brian ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

China; Globalisation; India; Innovation; Politics; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHINA; INDIA; PATENT; POLITICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESEARCH; SOCIETY; STEM CELL;

EID: 45849137873     PISSN: 14636778     EISSN: 14699915     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14636770802077090     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Baker, M., 2007. Scientists propose Asian-Pacific stem cell network. Nature Reports Stem Cells [online], 21 June. Available from: www.nature.com/stemcells/2007/0706/070621/full/stemcells.2007.41.html [Accessed 12 September 2007].
2. Bharadwaj, A., 2005. Cultures of embryonic stem cell research in India. In: W. Bender, C. Hauskeller, and A. Manzei, eds. Crossing borders: cultural, religious and political differences concerning stem cell research, a global approach. Munster: Agenda Verlag, 331-333.
3. Bound, K., 2007. India: the uneven innovator. London: Demos.
4. Branca, M., 2005. Gene therapy: cursed or inching towards credibility? Nature Biotechnology, 23, 519-521.
5. Chaturvedi, S., 2005. Dynamics of biotechnology research and industry in India: statistics, perspectives and key policy issues. Statistical Analysis of Science, Technology and Industry Working Paper 2005/6 [online]. Available from: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/35/34947073.pdf [Accessed 25 September 2007].
6. Chinastemcellnews, 2007. Available from: www.stemcellschina.com/content/ category/1/22/4/ [Accessed 24 September 2007].
7. Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, 2007. Programmes: stem cells [online]. Available from: http://dbtindia.nic.in/programmes/progmain.html [Accessed 25 September 2007].
8. Department of Trade and Industry, 2004. Stem cell mission to China, Singapore and South Korea [online]. London: DTI. Available from: www.oti.globalwatchonline.com/online_pdfs/36206MR.pdf [Accessed 26 September 2007].
9. Doring, O., 2004. Chinese researchers promote biomedical regulations: what are the motives of the biopolitical dawn in China and where are they heading? Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 14(1), 39-46.
10. Drugs Controller General, 2001. Good clinical practices for clinical research in India [online]. Available from: http://cdsco.nic.in/html/GCP.htm [Accessed 23 April 2008].
11. Ernst & Young, 2006. Progressions 2006. Capturing global advantage in the pharmaceutical industry. New York: Ernst & Young Global Pharmaceutical Centre.
12. European Patent Office and OECD, 2005. Intellectual property as an economic asset: key areas in valuation and exploitation [online]. Available from: http://academy.epo.org/schedule/2005/e02/prog_2005_e02.pdf [Accessed 6 June 2007].
13. Express Healthcare Management, 2001. India cracks down to prevent embryo trade. Express Healthcare Management [online], 15 October. Available from: www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com/20011015/editorial3.htm [Accessed 24 September 2007].
14. Fitzgerald, M., 2006. Where the money is. Nature Biotechnology, 24, 240-242.
15. German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 2007. Regenerative technologies for medicine and biology - contributions for a strategic funding concept [online]. Berlin: Capgemini Deutschland. Available from: www.bio-pro.de/en/life/meldungen/03415/index.html [Accessed 9 September 2007].
16. Huang, C., et al., 2004. Organisation, programme and structure: an analysis of the Chinese innovation policy framework. R and D Management, 34(4), 375-385.
17. Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), 2006. Ethical guiding principles on human embryonic stem cell research [online]. Available from: http//64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:NmZcYGnTPYJ: www.lcmr.nic.in/ethical- guidelines.pdf+ICMR+Ethical+guidelines+for+biomedical+research&hl=en&ct= clnk&cd=2&gl=uk [Accessed 23 April 2008].
18. Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and Department of Biotechnology, 2006. Guidelines for stem cell research and therapy [online]. Available from: http//medind.nic.in/iby/t06/i9/ibyt06i9p371.pdf [Accessed 23 April 2008].
19. Jayaraman, K.S., 2001. India seeks to block trade in human embryos. Science and Development Network [online], 27 September. Available from: www.scidev.net [Accessed 20 October 2006].
20. Jing-Bao, N., 2005. Behind the silence: Chinese voices on abortion. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
21. Kahn, J., 2006. A nation of guinea pigs: how India became the global hot spot for clinical trials. Wired Magazine [online], 14(3). Available from: www.wired.com/wird/archive/14.03/indiadrug.html [Accessed 4 June 2006].
22. Leggett, K., 2003. China has tightened genetics regulation - rules ban human cloning. Moves could quiet critics of freewheeling research. Asian Wall Street Journal. 13 October, p. A1.
23. Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (MOH), 2003. Ethical guiding principles on human embryonic stem cell research [online]. Available from: http://www.chinaphs. org/bioethics/regulations_&_laws.htm#_Toc161968266 [Accessed 23 April 2008].
24. MOST, 2005. China science & technology data book [online]. Beijing: MOST. Available from: www.most.gov.cn/eng/statistics/2005/index.htm [Accessed 24 September 2007].
25. MOST, 2006. Agreement on developmental financial cooperation in support of indigenous innovation signed between Ministry of Science and Technology and China Development Bank. Press Release, 23 March [online]. Available from: www.most.gov.cn/eng/photonews/t20060323_29887.htm [Accessed 2 May 2006].
26. Mudur, M., 2005. India plans to audit clinical trials. British Medical Journal, 331, 1044.
27. National Basic Research Program of China, 2007. Available from: www.973.gov.cn/English/Index.aspx [Accessed 25 September 2007].
28. Nature, 2006. The scientific balance of power. Nature, 439(7077), 646-647.
29. OECD, 2003. Investment policy review of China: progress and reform challenges. Paris: OECD.
30. OECD, 2006. China will become world's second highest investor in R&D by end of 2006, finds OECD[online]. Available from: www.oecd.org/document/26/0, 2340,en_2649_201185_37770522_1_1_1_1,00.html [Accessed 20 September 2007].
31. Padma, T.V., 2005a. India plans stem cell initiative. SciDevNet [online], 13 January. Available from: www.scidev.net/News/index.cfm?fuseaction= readnews&itemid=1849&language=1 [Accessed 9 May 2007].
32. Padma, T.V., 2005b. India's drug tests. Nature, 436, 485.
33. Padma, T.V., 2005c. Rivalry and red tape. Nature, 436, 490-491.
34. Padma, T.V., 2006. Unchecked by guidelines, Indian stem cell scientists rush ahead. Nature Medicine, 12(1), 4.
35. Ramani, S.V., 1996. Creating incentives: a comparison of government strategies in India and France. Biotechnology and Development Monitor [online], 26. Available from: www.biotech-monitor.nl/2605.htm [Accessed 25 September 2007].
36. Ramesh, R., 2005. Row over doctor's miracle cures. The Guardian, 18 Nov.
37. Science Business, 2007. South Korea and China transform the geography of patents. Science Business, 14, 1-3.
38. UK Stem Cell Initiative, 2005. Report and recommendations (Pattison Report). London: Department of Health.
39. UK Stem Cell Initiative: China, 2005. Global positions in stem cell research: China [online]. Available from: www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/ uksci/global/china.htm [Accessed 24 September 2007].
40. UK Stem Cell Initiative: India, 2005. Global positions in stem cell research: India [online]. Available from: www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/ uksci/global/india.htm [Accessed 25 September 2007].
41. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2006. 2020: A new vision. A future for regenerative medicine [online]. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services. Available from: http://www.hhs.gov/reference/ newfuture.shtml [Accessed 12 September 2007].
42. US Embassy Beijing, 2002. Human embryonic stem cell research in China: a September 2002 report from U.S. Embassy Beijing [online]. Available from: www.usembassy-china.org.cn/dandt/stemcell.htm [Accessed 9 May 2006].
43. Wang, S.Q. and Wang, G.G., 2002. Report on the development of venture investment of 2002. Beijing: China Financial and Economical Publishing House.
44. Zhenzhen, L., Jiuchun, Z., Ke, W. et al., 2004. Health biotechnology in China: reawakening of a giant. Nature Biotechnology, 22(supplement), DC15.