메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 188, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 589-601

Trans-radial upper extremity amputees are capable of adapting to a novel dynamic environment

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARM AMPUTATION; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DYNAMICS; ERROR; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; HUMAN; LEARNING; MALE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTHESIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; ROBOTICS;

EID: 45849115084     PISSN: 00144819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-008-1394-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0035799997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of visual and proprioceptive inputs in pointing to actual and remembered targets in Parkinson's disease
    • 4
    • Adamovich SV, Berkinblit MB, Hening W, Sage J, Poizner H (2001) The interaction of visual and proprioceptive inputs in pointing to actual and remembered targets in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 104(4):1027-1041
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.104 , pp. 1027-1041
    • Adamovich, S.V.1    Berkinblit, M.B.2    Hening, W.3    Sage, J.4    Poizner, H.5
  • 2
    • 0029897568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consolidation in human motor memory
    • Brashers-Krug T, Shadmehr R, Bizzi E (1996) Consolidation in human motor memory. Nature 382:252-255
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 252-255
    • Brashers-Krug, T.1    Shadmehr, R.2    Bizzi, E.3
  • 4
    • 5444270048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to consolidate the consolidation theory of learning for sensorimotor adaptation tasks
    • 40
    • Caithness G, Osu R, Chase H, Klassen J, Kawato M, Wolpert DM, Flanagan JR (2004) Failure to consolidate the consolidation theory of learning for sensorimotor adaptation tasks. J Neurosci 24(40):8662-8671
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 8662-8671
    • Caithness, G.1    Osu, R.2    Chase, H.3    Klassen, J.4    Kawato, M.5    Wolpert, D.M.6    Flanagan, J.R.7
  • 5
    • 0034048954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke
    • Pt 5
    • Cirstea MC, Levin MF (2000) Compensatory strategies for reaching in stroke. Brain 123(Pt 5):940-953
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , pp. 940-953
    • Cirstea, M.C.1    Levin, M.F.2
  • 6
    • 34249316886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prolonged unweighting of human skeletal muscle on neuromotor force control
    • 1
    • Clark BC, Pierce JR, Manini TM, Ploutz-Snyder LL (2007) Effect of prolonged unweighting of human skeletal muscle on neuromotor force control. Eur J Appl Physiol 100(1):53-62
    • (2007) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.100 , pp. 53-62
    • Clark, B.C.1    Pierce, J.R.2    Manini, T.M.3    Ploutz-Snyder, L.L.4
  • 7
    • 0026080567 scopus 로고
    • Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. a study with focal magnetic stimulation
    • Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, Findley TW, Hallett M (1991) Motor reorganization after upper limb amputation in man. A study with focal magnetic stimulation. Brain 114:615-627
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 615-627
    • Cohen, L.G.1    Bandinelli, S.2    Findley, T.W.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 8
    • 34548622956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The motor system does not learn the dynamics of the arm by rote memorization of past experience
    • Conditt MA, Gandolfo F, Mussa-Ivaldi FA (1997) The motor system does not learn the dynamics of the arm by rote memorization of past experience. J Neurophysiol 74:2174-2178
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.74 , pp. 2174-2178
    • Conditt, M.A.1    Gandolfo, F.2    Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.3
  • 9
    • 7744242928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex interferes with arm trajectory adjustments during the learning of new dynamics
    • 44
    • Della-Maggiore V, Malfait N, Ostry DJ, Paus T (2004) Stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex interferes with arm trajectory adjustments during the learning of new dynamics. J Neurosci 24(44):9971-9976
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 9971-9976
    • Della-Maggiore, V.1    Malfait, N.2    Ostry, D.J.3    Paus, T.4
  • 10
    • 0031957761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence, acute care length of stay, and discharge to rehabilitation of traumatic amputee patients: An epidemiologic study
    • 3
    • Dillingham TR, Pezzin LE, MacKenzie EJ (1998) Incidence, acute care length of stay, and discharge to rehabilitation of traumatic amputee patients: an epidemiologic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79(3):279-287
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , pp. 279-287
    • Dillingham, T.R.1    Pezzin, L.E.2    MacKenzie, E.J.3
  • 13
    • 34248998899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of motor adaptation reveals independence in control of trajectory and steady-state position
    • 4
    • Duff SV, Sainburg RL (2007) Lateralization of motor adaptation reveals independence in control of trajectory and steady-state position. Exp Brain Res 179(4):551-61
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.179 , pp. 551-61
    • Duff, S.V.1    Sainburg, R.L.2
  • 15
    • 4143138656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amputation rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration. from surgery to community reintegration
    • 14-15
    • Esquenazi A (2004) Amputation rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration. From surgery to community reintegration. Disabil Rehabil 26(14-15):831-836
    • (2004) Disabil Rehabil , vol.26 , pp. 831-836
    • Esquenazi, A.1
  • 16
    • 0029030038 scopus 로고
    • Phantom limb pain as a perceptual correlate of massive cortical reorganization in upper extremity amputees
    • Flor H, Elbert T, Knecht S, Wienbruch C, Pantev C, Larbig W (1995) Phantom limb pain as a perceptual correlate of massive cortical reorganization in upper extremity amputees. Nature 375:482-484
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 482-484
    • Flor, H.1    Elbert, T.2    Knecht, S.3    Wienbruch, C.4    Pantev, C.5    Larbig, W.6
  • 18
    • 33750372821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phantom limb pain: A case of maladaptive CNS plasticity?
    • 11
    • Flor H, Nikolajsen L, Staehelin Jensen T (2006) Phantom limb pain: a case of maladaptive CNS plasticity? Nat Rev Neurosci 7(11):873-881
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 873-881
    • Flor, H.1    Nikolajsen, L.2    Staehelin Jensen, T.3
  • 19
    • 0031017178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of internal models in motor planning and control: Evidence from grip force adjustments during movements of handheld loads
    • Flanagan JR, Wing AM (1997) The role of internal models in motor planning and control: evidence from grip force adjustments during movements of handheld loads. J Neurosci 17:1519-1528
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 1519-1528
    • Flanagan, J.R.1    Wing, A.M.2
  • 20
    • 0242318969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to stable and unstable dynamics achieved by combined impedance control and inverse dynamics model
    • Franklin DW, Osu R, Burdet E, Kawato M, Milner TE (2003) Adaptation to stable and unstable dynamics achieved by combined impedance control and inverse dynamics model. J Neurophysiol 90:3270-3282
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.90 , pp. 3270-3282
    • Franklin, D.W.1    Osu, R.2    Burdet, E.3    Kawato, M.4    Milner, T.E.5
  • 21
    • 0032693867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensation for interaction torques during single- and multijoint limb movement
    • 5
    • Gribble PL, Ostry DJ (1999) Compensation for interaction torques during single- and multijoint limb movement. J Neurophysiol 82(5):2310-2326
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.82 , pp. 2310-2326
    • Gribble, P.L.1    Ostry, D.J.2
  • 22
    • 0035863333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of phantom phenomena and cortical reorganization
    • Grüsser S, Mühlnickel W, Denke C, Karl A, Flor H (2001) The relationship of phantom phenomena and cortical reorganization. Neuroscience 102:263-272
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.102 , pp. 263-272
    • Grüsser, S.1    Mühlnickel, W.2    Denke, C.3    Karl, A.4    Flor, H.5
  • 23
    • 0025088080 scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive brain stimulation reveals reorganized cortical outputs in amputees
    • Hall EJ, Flament D, Fraser C, Lemon RN (1990) Non-invasive brain stimulation reveals reorganized cortical outputs in amputees. Neurosci Lett 116:379-386
    • (1990) Neurosci Lett , vol.116 , pp. 379-386
    • Hall, E.J.1    Flament, D.2    Fraser, C.3    Lemon, R.N.4
  • 24
    • 0032930748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered kinetic strategy for the control of swing limb elevation over obstacles in unilateral below-knee amputee gait
    • 5
    • Hill SW, Patla AE, Ishac MG, Adkin AL, Supan TJ, Barth DG (1999) Altered kinetic strategy for the control of swing limb elevation over obstacles in unilateral below-knee amputee gait. J Biomech 32(5):545-549
    • (1999) J Biomech , vol.32 , pp. 545-549
    • Hill, S.W.1    Patla, A.E.2    Ishac, M.G.3    Adkin, A.L.4    Supan, T.J.5    Barth, D.G.6
  • 25
    • 23944493152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the understanding and treatment of stroke impairment using robotic devices
    • 2
    • Hidler J, Nichols D, Pelliccio M, Brady K (2005) Advances in the understanding and treatment of stroke impairment using robotic devices. Top Stroke Rehabil 12(2):22-35
    • (2005) Top Stroke Rehabil , vol.12 , pp. 22-35
    • Hidler, J.1    Nichols, D.2    Pelliccio, M.3    Brady, K.4
  • 26
    • 0037155547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial reorganization of cortical motor output maps of stump muscles in human upper-limb amputees
    • Irlbacher K, Meyer BU, Voss M, Brandt S, Röricht S (2002) Spatial reorganization of cortical motor output maps of stump muscles in human upper-limb amputees. Neurosci Lett 321:129-132
    • (2002) Neurosci Lett , vol.321 , pp. 129-132
    • Irlbacher, K.1    Meyer, B.U.2    Voss, M.3    Brandt, S.4    Röricht, S.5
  • 27
    • 0035873236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of motor and somatosensory cortex in upper extremity amputees with phantom limb pain
    • 10
    • Karl A, Birbaumer N, Lutzenberger W, Cohen LG, Flor H (2001) Reorganization of motor and somatosensory cortex in upper extremity amputees with phantom limb pain. J Neurosci 21(10):3609-3618
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 3609-3618
    • Karl, A.1    Birbaumer, N.2    Lutzenberger, W.3    Cohen, L.G.4    Flor, H.5
  • 29
    • 0028168580 scopus 로고
    • Rapid adaptation to Coriolis force perturbations of arm trajectory
    • Lackner JR, Dizio P (1994) Rapid adaptation to Coriolis force perturbations of arm trajectory. J Neurophysiol 72:299-313
    • (1994) J Neurophysiol , vol.72 , pp. 299-313
    • Lackner, J.R.1    Dizio, P.2
  • 30
    • 0036304656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robot-assisted movement training compared with conventional therapy techniques for the rehabilitation of upper-limb motor function after stroke
    • 7
    • Lum PS, Burgar CG, Shor PC, Majmundar M, Van der Loos M (2002) Robot-assisted movement training compared with conventional therapy techniques for the rehabilitation of upper-limb motor function after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83(7):952-959
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 952-959
    • Lum, P.S.1    Burgar, C.G.2    Shor, P.C.3    Majmundar, M.4    Van Der Loos, M.5
  • 31
    • 33751054014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MIME robotic device for upper-limb neurorehabilitation in subacute stroke subjects: A follow-up study
    • 5
    • Lum PS, Burgar CG, Van der Loos M, Shor PC, Majmundar M, Yap R (2006) MIME robotic device for upper-limb neurorehabilitation in subacute stroke subjects: a follow-up study. J Rehabil Res Dev 43(5):631-642
    • (2006) J Rehabil Res Dev , vol.43 , pp. 631-642
    • Lum, P.S.1    Burgar, C.G.2    Van Der Loos, M.3    Shor, P.C.4    Majmundar, M.5    Yap, R.6
  • 32
    • 45849106584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the degree of motor variability associated with experimental and chronic neck-shoulder pain during a standardised repetitive arm movement
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Madeleine P, Mathiassen SE, Arendt-Nielsen L (2007) Changes in the degree of motor variability associated with experimental and chronic neck-shoulder pain during a standardised repetitive arm movement. Exp Brain Res [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res
    • Madeleine, P.1    Mathiassen, S.E.2    Arendt-Nielsen, L.3
  • 33
  • 34
    • 0031915827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of use of outpatient rehabilitation services following upper extremity injury
    • 1
    • McCarthy ML, Ewashko T, MacKenzie EJ (1998) Determinants of use of outpatient rehabilitation services following upper extremity injury. J Hand Ther 11(1):32-38
    • (1998) J Hand Ther , vol.11 , pp. 32-38
    • McCarthy, M.L.1    Ewashko, T.2    MacKenzie, E.J.3
  • 35
    • 1442286470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overarm throwing speed in cerebellar subjects: Effect of timing of ball release
    • McNaughton S, Timmann D, Watts S, Hore J (2004) Overarm throwing speed in cerebellar subjects: effect of timing of ball release. Exp Brain Res 154:470-478
    • (2004) Exp Brain Res , vol.154 , pp. 470-478
    • McNaughton, S.1    Timmann, D.2    Watts, S.3    Hore, J.4
  • 36
    • 0033720511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical simulation of an amputated forearm with and without a prosthesis
    • 3
    • Meimoun Y, Mizrahi J (2000) Biomechanical simulation of an amputated forearm with and without a prosthesis. Proc Inst Mech Eng (H) 214(3):287-299
    • (2000) Proc Inst Mech Eng (H) , vol.214 , pp. 287-299
    • Meimoun, Y.1    Mizrahi, J.2
  • 37
    • 3142514078 scopus 로고
    • Survey of arm amputees not wearing prostheses: Implications for research and service
    • Melendez D, LeBlanc M (1988) Survey of arm amputees not wearing prostheses: implications for research and service. J Assoc Child Prosthet Orthot Clin 23:62
    • (1988) J Assoc Child Prosthet Orthot Clin , vol.23 , pp. 62
    • Melendez, D.1    Leblanc, M.2
  • 38
    • 0022596039 scopus 로고
    • Prosthetic use in adult upper limb amputees: A comparison of the body powered and electrically powered prostheses
    • 1
    • Millstein SG, Heger H, Hunter GA (1986) Prosthetic use in adult upper limb amputees: a comparison of the body powered and electrically powered prostheses. Prosthet Orthot Int 10(1):27-34
    • (1986) Prosthet Orthot Int , vol.10 , pp. 27-34
    • Millstein, S.G.1    Heger, H.2    Hunter, G.A.3
  • 39
    • 24944453174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impedance control and internal model use during the initial stage of adaptation to novel dynamics
    • Milner TE, Franklin DW (2005) Impedance control and internal model use during the initial stage of adaptation to novel dynamics. J Physiol 567:651-664
    • (2005) J Physiol , vol.567 , pp. 651-664
    • Milner, T.E.1    Franklin, D.W.2
  • 40
    • 33746652148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position information but not force information is used in adapting to changes in environmental dynamics
    • 2
    • Milner TE, Hinder MR (2006) Position information but not force information is used in adapting to changes in environmental dynamics. J Neurophysiol 96(2):526-534
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 526-534
    • Milner, T.E.1    Hinder, M.R.2
  • 41
    • 0000190636 scopus 로고
    • A survey of amputees: Functional level and life satisfaction, information needs, and the prosthetist's role
    • Nielsen CC (1991) A survey of amputees: functional level and life satisfaction, information needs, and the prosthetist's role. J Prosthet Orthot 3:125
    • (1991) J Prosthet Orthot , vol.3 , pp. 125
    • Nielsen, C.C.1
  • 45
    • 29244458368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of robotic training forces that either enhance or reduce error in chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors
    • Patton JL, Stoykov ME, Kovic M, Mussa-Ivaldi FA (2006) Evaluation of robotic training forces that either enhance or reduce error in chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors. Exp Brain Res 168:368-383
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.168 , pp. 368-383
    • Patton, J.L.1    Stoykov, M.E.2    Kovic, M.3    Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.4
  • 46
    • 0034015129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation and the long-term outcomes of persons with trauma-related amputations
    • 3
    • Pezzin LE, Dillingham TR, MacKenzie EJ (2000) Rehabilitation and the long-term outcomes of persons with trauma-related amputations. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81(3):292-300
    • (2000) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.81 , pp. 292-300
    • Pezzin, L.E.1    Dillingham, T.R.2    MacKenzie, E.J.3
  • 48
    • 0033551453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term reorganization of motor cortex outputs after arm amputation
    • Roricht S, Meyer BU, Niehaus L, Brandt SA (1999) Long-term reorganization of motor cortex outputs after arm amputation. Neurology 53:106-111
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 106-111
    • Roricht, S.1    Meyer, B.U.2    Niehaus, L.3    Brandt, S.A.4
  • 49
    • 0033054578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and positional control mechanisms
    • Sainburg RL, Ghez C, Kalakanis D (1999) Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and positional control mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 81:1045-1056
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 1045-1056
    • Sainburg, R.L.1    Ghez, C.2    Kalakanis, D.3
  • 50
    • 33748072753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arm trajectories in dyskinetic cerebral palsy have increased random variability
    • 7
    • Sanger TD (2006) Arm trajectories in dyskinetic cerebral palsy have increased random variability. J Child Neurol 21(7):551-557
    • (2006) J Child Neurol , vol.21 , pp. 551-557
    • Sanger, T.D.1
  • 51
    • 34548616033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greater reliance on impedance control in the nondominant arm compared with the dominant arm when adapting to a novel dynamic environment
    • 4
    • Schabowsky CN, Hidler JM, Lum PS (2007) Greater reliance on impedance control in the nondominant arm compared with the dominant arm when adapting to a novel dynamic environment. Exp Brain Res 182(4):567-577
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.182 , pp. 567-577
    • Schabowsky, C.N.1    Hidler, J.M.2    Lum, P.S.3
  • 52
    • 0028270380 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task
    • Shadmehr R, Mussa-Ivaldi FA (1994) Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task. J Neurosci 14:3208-3224
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 3208-3224
    • Shadmehr, R.1    Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.2
  • 53
    • 34147174274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reach adaptation and final position control amid environmental uncertainty following stroke
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Scheidt RA, Stoeckmann T (2007) Reach adaptation and final position control amid environmental uncertainty following stroke. J Neurophysiol [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol
    • Scheidt, R.A.1    Stoeckmann, T.2
  • 56
    • 0031022919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional stages in the formation of human long-term motor memory
    • Shadmehr R, Brashers-Krug T (1997) Functional stages in the formation of human long-term motor memory. J Neurosci 17:409-419
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 409-419
    • Shadmehr, R.1    Brashers-Krug, T.2
  • 57
    • 17644419981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intact ability to learn internal models of arm dynamics in Huntington's disease but not cerebellar degeneration
    • Smith MA, Shadmehr R (2005) Intact ability to learn internal models of arm dynamics in Huntington's disease but not cerebellar degeneration. J Neurophysiol 93:2809-2821
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 2809-2821
    • Smith, M.A.1    Shadmehr, R.2
  • 58
    • 0020454114 scopus 로고
    • Mental control load and acceptance of arm prosthesis
    • Soede M (1982) Mental control load and acceptance of arm prosthesis. Automedica 4:183-191
    • (1982) Automedica , vol.4 , pp. 183-191
    • Soede, M.1
  • 59
    • 0037335944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemiparetic stroke impairs anticipatory control of arm movement
    • Takahashi C, Reinkensmeyer D (2003) Hemiparetic stroke impairs anticipatory control of arm movement. Exp Brain Res 149:131-140
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.149 , pp. 131-140
    • Takahashi, C.1    Reinkensmeyer, D.2
  • 60
    • 0034641916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives
    • Thoroughman KA, Shadmehr R (2000) Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives. Nature 407:742-746
    • (2000) Nature , vol.407 , pp. 742-746
    • Thoroughman, K.A.1    Shadmehr, R.2
  • 62
    • 0016234844 scopus 로고
    • Ongoing activity in peripheral nerves: The physiology and pharmacology of impulses originating from a neuroma
    • Wall PD, Gutnick M (1974) Ongoing activity in peripheral nerves: the physiology and pharmacology of impulses originating from a neuroma. Exp Neurol 43:580-593
    • (1974) Exp Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 580-593
    • Wall, P.D.1    Gutnick, M.2
  • 63
    • 34147168740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dominant and nondominant arms are specialized for stabilizing different features of task performance
    • 4
    • Wang J, Sainburg RL (2007) The dominant and nondominant arms are specialized for stabilizing different features of task performance. Exp Brain Res 178(4):565-570
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.178 , pp. 565-570
    • Wang, J.1    Sainburg, R.L.2
  • 64
    • 0001877376 scopus 로고
    • Intensive and extensive aspects of tactile sensitivity as a function of body part, sex, and laterality
    • Thomas Springfield
    • Weinstein S (1968) Intensive and extensive aspects of tactile sensitivity as a function of body part, sex, and laterality. In: Kenshalo DR (ed) The Skin Senses. Thomas, Springfield, pp 195-222
    • (1968) The Skin Senses , pp. 195-222
    • Weinstein, S.1    Kenshalo, D.R.2
  • 66
    • 33750532312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke: The EXCITE randomized clinical trial
    • 17
    • Wolf SL, Winstein CJ, Miller JP, Taub E, Uswatte G, Morris D, Giuliani C, Light KE, Nichols-Larsen D (2006) Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke: the EXCITE randomized clinical trial. JAMA 296(17):2095-2104
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2095-2104
    • Wolf, S.L.1    Winstein, C.J.2    Miller, J.P.3    Taub, E.4    Uswatte, G.5    Morris, D.6    Giuliani, C.7    Light, K.E.8    Nichols-Larsen, D.9
  • 67
    • 0029076241 scopus 로고
    • Prosthetic usage in major upper extremity amputations
    • 4
    • Wright TW, Hagen AD, Wood MB (1995) Prosthetic usage in major upper extremity amputations. J Hand Surg (Am) 20(4):619-622
    • (1995) J Hand Surg (Am) , vol.20 , pp. 619-622
    • Wright, T.W.1    Hagen, A.D.2    Wood, M.B.3
  • 68
    • 33847242988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of modified constraint-induced movement therapy for elderly stroke survivors: Changes in motor impairment, daily functioning, and quality of life
    • 3
    • Wu CY, Chen CL, Tsai WC, Lin KC, Chou SH (2007) A randomized controlled trial of modified constraint-induced movement therapy for elderly stroke survivors: changes in motor impairment, daily functioning, and quality of life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 88(3):273-278
    • (2007) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.88 , pp. 273-278
    • Wu, C.Y.1    Chen, C.L.2    Tsai, W.C.3    Lin, K.C.4    Chou, S.H.5
  • 69
    • 34249750987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of muscle activity and force fluctuations in the plantarflexors after bedrest depends on knee position
    • 6
    • Yoshitake Y, Kouzaki M, Fukuoka H, Fukunaga T, Shinohara M (2007) Modulation of muscle activity and force fluctuations in the plantarflexors after bedrest depends on knee position. Muscle Nerve 35(6):745-755
    • (2007) Muscle Nerve , vol.35 , pp. 745-755
    • Yoshitake, Y.1    Kouzaki, M.2    Fukuoka, H.3    Fukunaga, T.4    Shinohara, M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.