A new role for ns polyprotein cleavage in Sindbis virus replication

Journal of Virology

Volumn 82, Issue 13, 2008, Pages 6218-6231

  Gorchakov, Rodion ^a   Frolova, Elena ^a   Sawicki, Stanley ^b   Atasheva, Svetlana ^a   Sawicki, Dorothea ^b   Frolov, Ilya ^a  

^a University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

^b MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; BETA INTERFERON; CYCLOHEXIMIDE; POLYPROTEIN;

ALPHA VIRUS; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMBRYO; INTERFERON PRODUCTION; MOSQUITO; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN SECRETION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; RNA SYNTHESIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SINDBIS VIRUS; VIRUS CAPSID; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS MUTANT; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ANIMALS; CELL LINE; CRICETINAE; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; INTERFERON TYPE I; MESOCRICETUS; MICE; NIH 3T3 CELLS; RNA; SINDBIS VIRUS; VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

SINDBIS VIRUS;

EID: 45749090147     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02624-07     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Atasheva, S., R. Gorchakov, R. English, I. Frolov, and E. Frolova. 2007. Development of Sindbis viruses encoding nsP2/GFP chimeric proteins and their application for studying nsP2 functioning. J. Virol. 81:5046-5057.
2. Bredenbeek, P. J., I. Frolov, C. M. Rice, and S. Schlesinger. 1993. Sindbis virus expression vectors: packaging of RNA replicons by using defective helper RNAs. J. Virol. 67:6439-6446.
3. Cristea, I. M., J. W. Carroll, M. P. Rout, C. M. Rice, B. T. Chait, and M. R. MacDonald. 2006. Tracking and elucidating alphavirus-host protein interactions. J. Biol. Chem. 281:30269-30278.
4. Dé, I., S. G. Sawicki, and D. L. Sawicki. 1996. Sindbis virus RNA-negative mutants that fail to convert from minus-strand to plus-strand synthesis: role of the nsP2 protein. J. Virol. 70:2706-2719.
5. Franklin, R. M. 1966. Purification and properties of the replicative intermediate of the RNA bacteriophage R17. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 55:1504-1511.
6. Frolov, I., E. Agapov, T. A. Hoffman, Jr., B. M. Prágai, M. Lippa, S. Schlesinger, and C. M. Rice. 1999. Selection of RNA replicons capable of persistent noncytopathic replication in mammalian cells. J. Virol. 73:3854-3865.
7. Frolov, I., and S. Schlesinger. 1994. Comparison of the effects of Sindbis virus and Sindbis virus replicons on host cell protein synthesis and cytopathogenicity in BHK cells. J. Virol. 68:1721-1727.
8. Frolova, E., R. Gorchakov, N. Garmashova, S. Atasheva, L. A. Vergara, and I. Frolov. 2006. Formation of nsP3-specific protein complexes during Sindbis virus replication. J. Virol. 80:4122-4134.
9. Frolova, E. I., R. Z. Fayzulin, S. H. Cook, D. E. Griffin, C. M. Rice, and I. Frolov. 2002. Roles of nonstructural protein nsP2 and α/β interferons in determining the outcome of Sindbis virus infection. J. Virol. 76:11254-11264.
10. Garmashova, N., S. Atasheva, W. Kang, S. C. Weaver, E. Frolova, and I. Frolov. 2007. Analysis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid protein function in the inhibition of cellular transcription. J. Virol. 81:13552-13565.
11. Garmashova, N., R. Gorchakov, E. Frolova, and I. Frolov. 2006. Sindbis virus nonstructural protein nsP2 is cytotoxic and inhibits cellular transcription. J. Virol. 80:5686-5696.
12. Garmashova, N., R. Gorchakov, E. Volkova, S. Paessler, E. Frolova, and I. Frolov. 2007. The Old World and New World alphaviruses use different virus-specific proteins for induction of transcriptional shutoff. J. Virol. 81:2472-2484.
13. Gorchakov, R., E. Frolova, and I. Frolov. 2005. Inhibition of transcription and translation in Sindbis virus-infected cells. J. Virol. 79:9397-9409.
14. Gorchakov, R., E. Frolova, B. R. Williams, C. M. Rice, and I. Frolov. 2004. PKR-dependent and -independent mechanisms are involved in translational shutoff during Sindbis virus infection. J. Virol. 78:8455-8467.
15. Griffin, D. E. 1986. Alphavirus pathogenesis and immunity, p. 209-250. In S. Schlesinger and M. J. Schlesinger (ed.), The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
16. Griffin, D. E. 2001. Alphaviruses, p. 917-962. In D. M. Knipe and P. M. Howley (ed.), Fields virology, 4th ed. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, New York, NY.
17. - temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: complementation group F mutants have lesions in nsP4. J. Virol. 63:1194-1202.
18. Kim, K. H., T. Rumenapf, E. G. Strauss, and J. H. Strauss. 2004. Regulation of Semliki Forest virus RNA replication: a model for the control of alpha-virus pathogenesis in invertebrate hosts. Virology 323:153-163.
19. Kinney, R. M., B. J. B. Johnson, J. B. Welch, K. R. Tsuchiya, and D. W. Trent. 1989. The full-length nucleotide sequences of the virulent Trinidad donkey strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its attenuated vaccine derivative, strain TC-83. Virology 170:19-30.
20. Lemm, J. A., R. K. Durbin, V. Stollar, and C. M. Rice. 1990. Mutations which alter the level or structure of nsP4 can affect the efficiency of Sindbis virus replication in a host-dependent manner. J. Virol. 64:3001-3011.
21. Lemm, J. A., and C. M. Rice. 1993. Roles of nonstructural polyprotcins and cleavage products in regulating Sindbis virus RNA replication and transcription. J. Virol. 67:1916-1926.
22. Lemm, J. A., T. Rümenapf, E. G. Strauss, J. H. Strauss, and C. M. Rice. 1994. Polypeptide requirements for assembly of functional Sindbis virus replication complexes: a model for the temporal regulation of minus and plus-strand RNA synthesis. EMBO J. 13:2925-2934.
23. Levinson, R. S., J. H. Strauss, and E. G. Strauss. 1990. Complete sequence of the genomic RNA of O'nyong-nyong virus and its use in the construction of alphavirus phylogenetic trees. Virology 175:110-123.
24. Liljeström, P., S. Lusa, D. Huylebroeck, and H. Garoff. 1991. In vitro mutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of Semliki Forest virus: the small 6,000-molecular-weight membrane protein modulates virus release. J. Virol. 65:4107-4113.
25. Montgomery, S. A., P. Berglund, C. W. Beard, and R. E. Johnston. 2006. Ribosomal protein S6 associates with alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 and mediates expression from alphavirus messages. J. Virol. 80:7729-7739.
26. Perri, S., D. A. Driver, J. P. Gardner, S. Sherrill, B. A. Belli, T. W. Dubensky, Jr., and J. M. Polo. 2000. Replicon vectors derived from Sindbis virus and Semliki Forest virus that establish persistent replication in host cells. J. Virol. 74:9802-9807.
27. Petrakova, O., E. Volkova, R. Gorchakov, S. Paessler, R. M. Kinney, and I. Frolov. 2005. Noncytopathic replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and eastern equine encephalitis virus replicons in mammalian cells. J. Virol. 79:7597-7608.
28. Rikkonen, M. 1996. Functional significance of the nuclear-targeting and NTP-binding motifs of Semliki Forest virus nonstructural protein nsP2. Virology 218:352-361.
29. Rikkonen, M., J. Peranen, and L. Kaariainen. 1992. Nuclear and nucleolar targeting signals of Semliki Forest virus nonstructural protein nsP2. Virology 189:462-473.
30. Rikkonen, M., J. Peranen, and L. Kaariainen. 1994. Nuclear targeting of Semliki Forest virus nsP2. Arch. Virol. Suppl. 9:369-377.
31. Russo, A. T., M. A. White, and S. J. Watowich. 2006. The crystal structure of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis alphavirus nsP2 protease. Structure 14:1449-1458.
32. Sawicki, D. L., S. Perri, J. M. Polo, and S. G. Sawicki. 2006. Role for nsP2 proteins in the cessation of alphavirus minus-strand synthesis by host cells. J. Virol. 80:360-371.
33. Sawicki, D. L., and S. G. Sawicki. 1987. Alphavirus plus and minus strand RNA synthesis, p. 251-259. In M. Brinton and R. Ruckert (ed.), Positive-strand RNA viruses. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, NY.
34. Sawicki, D. L., and S. G. Sawicki. 1985. Functional analysis of the A complementation group mutants of Sindbis HR virus. Virology 144:20-34.
35. Sawicki, D. L., and S. G. Sawicki. 1980. Short-lived minus-strand polymerase for Semliki Forest virus. J. Virol. 34:108-118.
36. Sawicki, D. L., R. H. Silverman, B. R. Williams, and S. G. Sawicki. 2003. Alphavirus minus-strand synthesis and persistence in mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from mice lacking RNase L and protein kinase R. J. Virol. 77:1801-1811.
37. Shirako, Y., and J. H. Strauss. 1994. Regulation of Sindbis virus RNA replication: uncleaved P123 and nsP4 function in minus-strand RNA synthesis whereas cleaved products from P123 are required for efficient plus strand RNA synthesis. J. Virol. 185:1874-1885.
38. Simpson, D. A., N. L. Davis, S. C. Lin, D. Russell, and R. E. Johnston. 1996. Complete nucleotide sequence and full-length cDNA clone of S.A.AR86 a South African alphavirus related to Sindbis. Virology 222:464-469.
39. Strauss, E. G., C. M. Rice, and J. H. Strauss. 1984. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of Sindbis virus. Virology 133:92-110.
40. Strauss, J. H., and E. G. Strauss. 1994. The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 58:491-562.
41. Takkinen, K. 1986. Complete nucleotide sequence of the non-structural protein genes of Semliki Forest virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 14:5667-5682.
42. Trgovcich, J., J. F. Aronson, and R. E. Johnston. 1996. Fatal Sindbis virus infection of neonatal mice in the absence of encephalitis. Virology 224:73-83.
43. Volchkov, V. E., V. A. Volchkova, and S. V. Netesov. 1991. Complete nucleotide sequence of the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus genome. Mol. Genet. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 5:8-15.
44. Weaver, S. C., and I. Frolov. 2005. Togaviruses, p. 1010-1024. In B. W. J. Mahy and V. T. Meulen (ed.), Virology, vol. 2. ASM Press, Washington, DC.