Improving oneself: Young people getting ahead in the Peruvian Andes

Latin American Perspectives

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 60-78

  Leinaweaver, Jessaca B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Children; Gender; Kinship; Migration; Poverty

Indexed keywords

CHILD CARE; GENDER; KINSHIP; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION; WELFARE REFORM; YOUNG POPULATION;

PERU; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 45549107647     PISSN: 0094582X     EISSN: 1552678X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0094582X08318979     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Adoptive Families Association of B.C. 2003 "Country studies." http://www.bcadoption.com (accessed January 2003).
2. Allen, Catherine 2002 (1988) The Hold Life Has: Coca and Cultural Identity in an Andean Community. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
3. Andreas, Carol 1985 When Women Rebel: The Rise of Popular Feminism in Peru. Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books.
4. Appadurai, Arjun 1991 "Global ethnoscapes: Notes and queries for a transnational anthropology," pp. 191-210 in R. Fox (ed.), Recapturing Anthropology. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
5. Aptekar, Lewis 1988 The Street Children of Cali. Durham: Duke University Press.
6. Ardener, Shirley 1981 Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps. New York: St. Martin's Press.
7. Babb, Florence E. 1989 Between Field and Cooking Pot: The Political Economy of Marketwomen in Peru. Austin: University of Texas Press.
8. Barrenechea Lercari, Carlos 1988 Los niños del pueblo: Situación nacional y el caso del Cusco. Lima: TAREA.
9. Bourdieu, Pierre 1990 "Structures, habitus, practices," pp. 52-65 in The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.
10. Bourque, Susan C. and Kay Barbara Warren 1981 Women of the Andes: Patriarchy and Social Change in Two Peruvian Towns. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
11. Bowie, Fiona (ed.) 2004 Cross-cultural Approaches to Adoption. London and New York: Routledge.
12. Brush, Stephen 1977 Mountain, Field, and Family: The Economy and Human Ecology of an Andean Valley. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
13. Bunster, Ximena and Elsa M. Chaney 1989 Sellers and Servants: Working Women in Lima, Peru. Granby, MA: Bergin and Garvey.
14. Collier, Jane, Michelle Z. Rosaldo, and Sylvia Yanagisako 1997 "Is there a family? New anthropological views," pp. 71-81 in R. N. L. di Leonardo and M. di Leonardo (eds.), The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy. New York: Routledge.
15. Collins, Jane L. 1985 "Migration and the life cycle of households in southern Peru." Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development 14: 279-299.
16. 1988 Unseasonal Migrations: The Effects of Rural Labor Scarcity in Peru. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
17. Colloredo-Mansfeld, Rudi 1998 "'Dirty Indians,' radical indígenas, and the political economy of social difference in modern Ecuador." Bulletin of Latin American Research 17: 185-205.
18. Corominas, Joan and José A. Pascual 1980 Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.
19. Coronel-Molina, Serafin M. 1999 "Crossing borders and constructing indigeneity: A self-ethnography of identity," pp. 59-75 in J. N. Brown and P. M. Sant (eds.), Indigeneity: Construction and Re/ presentation. Commack, NY: Nova Science.
20. Cuervo, Rufino José 1998 Diccionario de construcción y régimen de la lengua castellana. Barcelona: Herder.
21. Davila, Mario 1971 "Compadrazgo: Fictive kinship in Latin America," in N. Graburn (ed.), Readings in Kinship and Social Structure. New York: Harper and Row.
22. Dean, Carolyn 2002 "Sketches of childhood: Children in colonial Andean art and society," pp. 21-51 in T. Hecht (ed.), Minor Omissions: Children in Latin American History and Society. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
23. de la Cadena, Marisol 1996 "'Women are more Indian': Ethnicity and gender in a community near Cuzco," pp. 329-348 in B. Larson, O. Harris, and E. Tandeter (eds.), Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology. Durham: Duke University Press.
24. 1998 "Silent racism and intellectual superiority in Peru." Bulletin of Latin American Research 17: 143-164.
25. 2000 Indigenous Mestizos: The Politics of Race and Culture in Cuzco, Peru, 1919-1991. Durham: Duke University Press.
26. Delgado Sumar, Hugo E. 1994 "Compadrinazgo en Ayacucho: ¿Un caso atipico?" Folklore Americano 57: 115 - 134.
27. del Pino H., Ponciano 1998 "Family, culture, and 'revolution': everyday life with Sendero Luminoso," pp. 158-192 in S. J. Stern (ed.), Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980-1995. Durham: Duke University Press.
28. Expreso 2001 "Voces que buscan ser oídas." October 22.
29. Fonseca, Claudia 1986 "Orphanages, foundlings, and foster mothers: the system of child circulation in a Brazilian squatter settlement." Anthropological Quarterly 59: 15-27.
30. 2004 "Transnational influences in the social production of adoptable children: The case of Brazil." Paper presented at the conference "Transnational Aspects of Localized Conflicts and Protest," Kontakt der Kontinenten, Soesterberg, The Netherlands, December 19-21.
31. Foster, George 1953 "Cofradia and compadrazgo in Spain and Spanish America." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9: 1-28.
32. Giberti, Eva, Silvia Chavanneau de Gore, and Beatriz Taborda 1997 Madres excluidas. Buenos Aires: Grupo Editorial Norma.
33. Goody, Esther N. 1984 "Parental strategies: Calculation or sentiment? Fostering practices among West Africans," pp. 266-278 in H. Medick and D. W. Sabean (eds.), Interest and Emotion: Essays on the Study of Family and Kinship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
34. Green, Duncan 1998 Hidden Lives: Voices of Children in Latin America and the Caribbean. London: Cassell (Save the Children).
35. Harris, Olivia 1980 "The power of signs: Gender, culture, and the wild in the Bolivian Andes," pp. 70-94 in C. MacCormack and M. Strathern (eds.), Nature, Culture, and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
36. Harvey, Penny 1997 "Los 'hechos naturales' de parentesco y género en un contexto andino," pp. 69-82 in D. Arnold (ed.), Gente de carne y hueso: Las tramas de parentesco en los Andes. La Paz: CIASE/ILCA.
37. Hirsch, Jennifer S. 2003 A Courtship after Marriage: Sexuality and Love in Mexican Transnational Families. Berkeley: University of California Press.
38. INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática) 1986 Encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar. Lima: INEI.
39. 1993 "Censo." http://www.inei.gob.pe.
40. 2000 Encuesta demogräfica y de salud familiar. Lima: INEI.
41. 2004 "Censo." http://www.inei.gob.pe.
42. Isbell, Billie Jean 1978 To Defend Ourselves: Ecology and Ritual in an Andean Village. Austin: ILAS.
43. Jaffe, Eliezer D. 1995 Intercountry Adoptions: Laws and Perspectives of "Sending" Countries. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
44. Kim, Jim Yong, Aaron Shakow, Jaime Bayona, Joe Rhatigan, and Emma L. Rubín de Celis 2000 "Sickness amidst recovery: Public debt and private suffering in Peru," pp. 126-153 in J. Y. Kim, J. V. Millen, A. Irwin, and J. Gershman (eds.), Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
45. Ladrón de Guevara, Laura 1998 Diccionario quechua. Lima: Editorial Brasa.
46. Leinaweaver, Jessaca 2005a "Accompanying and overcoming: subsistence and sustenance in an Andean city." Michigan Discussions in Anthropology 15: 150-182.
47. 2005b "Familiar ways: Child circulation in Andean Peru." Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan.
48. 2007 "On moving children: The social implications of Andean child circulation." American Ethnologist 34: 163-180.
49. 2008 The Circulation of Children: Adoption, Kinship, and Morality in Andean Peru. Durham: Duke University Press.
50. n.d. "The medicalization of adoption in and from Peru," in D. Marre and L. Briggs (eds.), Adoption and the Circulation of Children. New York: New York University Press.
51. Levitt, Peggy 2001 The Transnational Villagers. Berkeley: University of California Press.
52. Lobo, Susan 1982 A House of My Own. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
53. Loza, Martha, Rosa Mendoza, Flor Valverde, Paulina Luza, and Instituto de Promoción y Formación a la Trabajadora del Hogar 1990 Así, ando, ando como empleada. Lima: Instituto de Publicaciones Educación y Comunicación.
54. Mann, Gillian 2004 "Separated children: Care and support in context," pp. 4-22 in J. Boyden and J. de Berry (eds.), Children and Youth on the Front Line: Ethnography, Armed Conflict, and Displacement. New York: Berghahn Books.
55. Mannheim, Bruce 1991 The Language of the Inka since the European Invasion. Austin: University of Texas Press.
56. Milanich, Nara 2002 "Historical perspectives on illegitimacy and illegitimates in Latin America," pp. 72-101 in T. Hecht (ed.), Minor Omissions: Children in Latin American History and Society. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
57. Miles, Ann 2004 From Cuenca to Queens: An Anthropological Story of Transnational Migration. Austin: University of Texas Press.
58. Millones, Luis 1981 Tugurio: The Culture of the Peruvian Marginal Population, a Study of a Lima Slum. Trans. W. W. Stein. Amherst, NY: SUNY Buffalo.
59. Mintz, Sidney W. and Eric R. Wolf 1950 "An analysis of ritual co-parenthood (compadrazgo)." Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 6: 341-368.
60. Orlove, Ben 2002 Lines in the Water: Nature and Culture at Lake Titicaca. Berkeley: University of California Press.
61. Ossio, Juan M. 1984 "Cultural continuity, structure, and context: some peculiarities of the Andean compadrazgo," pp. 118-146 in R. T. Smith (ed.), Kinship Ideology and Practice in Latin America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
62. 1992 Parentesco, reciprocidad y jerarquia en los Andes: Una aproximación a la organización social de la comunidad de Andamarca. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
63. PAR (Proyecto de Apoyo a la Repoblación) 2001 "Censo por la paz." http://www.mimdes.gob.pe/par/index.htm (accessed December 16, 2003).
64. Parker, D.S. 1998 The Idea of the Middle Class: White-Collar Workers and Peruvian Society, 1900-1950. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
65. Parreñas, Rhacel Salazar 2005 Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
66. Peel, J.D.Y. 1978 "Olaju: A Yoruba concept of development." Journal of Development Studies 14: 139-165.
67. Platt, Tristan 1986 "Mirrors and maize: The concept of yanantin among the Macha of Bolivia," pp. 228-259 in J. V. Murra, N. Wachtel, and J. Revel (eds.), Anthropological History of Andean Polities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
68. Premo, Bianca 2002 "Minor offenses: Youth, crime, and law in eighteenth-century Lima," pp. 114-138 in T. Hecht (ed.), Minor Omissions: Children in Latin American History and Society. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
69. Pribilsky, Jason 2001 "'Nervios' and 'modern' childhood: Migration and shifting contexts of child life in the Ecuadorian Andes." Childhood: A Journal of Global Research 8: 251-273.
70. Revollar Añaños, Eliana 2001 "Los desplazados por violencia política en el Perú." Allpanchis 58: 9-31.
71. Roggenbuck, Stefan 1996 "Historia social de la infancia callejera limeña." Apuntes 39 (Segundo Semestre): 89-112.
72. Sharp, Lesley A. 2002 The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
73. Skar, Sarah Lund 1994 Lives Together, Worlds Apart: Quechua Colonization in Jungle and City. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press.
74. Smith, Margo L. 1973 "Domestic service as a channel of upward mobility for the lower-class woman: The Lima case," pp. 191-207 in A. Pescatello (ed.), Female and Male in Latin America: Essays. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
75. Torres Rodríguez, Oswaldo 1999 Los menores trabajadores de los Andes centrales. Huancayo: EDIMUL.
76. Unicef 2004 "At a glance: Peru." http://www.unicef.org/ infobycountry/peru_statistics.htmland/peru_1645.html (accessed December 2004).
77. Valderrama, Ricardo and Carmen Escalante 1997 "Ser mujer: Warmi kay-la mujer en la cultura andina," pp. 153-170 in D. Arnold (ed.), Mas allá del silencio: Las fronteras de genero en los Andes. La Paz: CIASE.
78. van Deusen, Nancy E. 2001 Between the Sacred and the Worldly: The Institutional and Cultural Practice of Recogimiento in Colonial Lima. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
79. Van Vleet, Krista E. 1999 "Now my daughter is alone: Performing kinship and embodying affect in marriage practices among native Andeans in Bolivia." Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan.
80. Vásquez H., Enrique and Enrique Mendizabal O. 2002 Los niños...primero? El gasto público social focalizado en niños y niñas en el Perú
81. 1990-2000. Lima: Universidad del Pacífico Centro de Investigación/Save the Children Suecia.
82. Vincent, Susan 2000 "Flexible families: Capitalist development and crisis in rural Peru." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 31: 155-170.
83. Volkman, Toby (ed.) 2005 Cultures of Transnational Adoption. Durham: Duke University Press.
84. Weismantel, Mary 1988 Food, Gender, and Poverty in the Ecuadorian Andes. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
85. 1995 "Making kin: Kinship theory and Zumbagua adoptions." American Ethnologist 22: 685-709.
86. Whitten, Norman E. 1981 Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador. Urbana and London: University of Illinois Press.