Seasonal cycle of O2 and pCO2 in the central Labrador Sea: Atmospheric, biological, and physical implications

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

  Kortzinger A ^a   Send, U ^b   Wallace, D W R ^a   Karstensen, J ^c   de Grandpre, M ^d  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATOLOGY; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; PARAMETERIZATION; SURFACE WATERS;

CARBON BUDGET; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON SINK; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PARTIAL PRESSURE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SURFACE FLUX; SURFACE WATER;

ARCTIC; ATLANTIC OCEAN; GREENLAND; LABRADOR SEA; WEST GREENLAND;

EID: 45449099097     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007GB003029     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson, L. A., and J. L. Sarmiento (1994), Redfield ratios of remineralization determined by nutrient data analysis, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 65-80.
2. Avsic, T., J. Karstensen, U. Send, and J. Fischer (2006), Interannual variability of newly formed Labrador Sea Water from 1994 to 2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21S02, doi:10.1029/2006GL026913.
3. Battle, M., et al. (2006), Atmospheric potential oxygen: New observations and their implications for some atmospheric and oceanic models, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB1010, doi:10.1029/ 2005GB002534.
4. Behrenfeld, M. J., and P. G. Falkowski (1997), Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1-20.
5. Behrenfeld, M. J., R. T. O'Malley, D. A. Siegel, C. R. McClain, J. L. Sarmiento, G. C. Feldman, A. J. Milligan, P. G. Falkowski, R. M. Letelier, and E. S. Boss (2006), Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity, Nature, 444, 752-755.
6. Benson, B. B., and D. Krause Jr. (1984), The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater at equilibrium with the atmosphere, Limnol. Oceanogr., 29, 620-632.
7. Brandt, P., F. A. Schott, A. Funk, and C. S. Martins (2004), Seasonal to interannual variability of the eddy field in the Labrador Sea from satellite altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C02028, doi:10.1029/ 2002JC001551.
8. de Boyer Montégut, C., G. Madec, A. S. Fischer, A. Lazar, and D. Iudicone (2004), Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, doi:10.1029/2004JC002378.
9. 2, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 969-975.
10. DeGrandpre, M. D., M. M. Baehr, and T. R. Hammar (1999), Calibration-free optical chemical sensors, Anal. Chem., 71, 1152-1159.
11. 2 in the Labrador Sea deep convection region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21S03, doi:10.1029/2006GL026881.
12. Dickson, A. G., and F. J. Millero (1987), A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater media, Deep Sea Res., 34, 1733-1743.
13. Dickson, B., I. Yasbayaev, J. Meincke, B. Turrell, S. Dye, and J. Holfort (2002), Rapid freshening of the deep North Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades, Nature, 416, 832-837.
14. Eden, C., and C. Böning (2002), Sources of eddy kinetic energy in the Labrador Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 32, 3346-3363.
15. Emery, W. J., P. Brandt, A. Funk, and C. Böning (2006), A comparison of sea surface temperatures from microwave remote sensing of the Labrador Sea with in situ measurements and model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C12013, doi:10.1029/2006JC003578.
16. Garcia, H. E., and R. F. Keeling (2001), On the global oxygen anomaly and air-sea flux, J. Geophys. Res., 106(C12), 31,155-31,166.
17. Hátún, H., C. C. Eriksen, and P. B. Rhines (2007), Buoyant eddies entering the Labrador Sea observed with gliders and altimetry, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2838-2854.
18. Keeling, R. F., and S. R. Shertz (1992), Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle, Nature, 358, 723-727.
19. 2 ratio in relation to the kinetics of air-sea gas exchange, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12(1), 141-164.
20. 2, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 964-970.
21. Körtzinger, A., J. Schimanski, U. Send, and D. W. R. Wallace (2004), The ocean takes a deep breath, Science, 306, 1337.
22. Körtzinger, A., J. Schimanski, and U. Send (2005), High-quality oxygen measurements from profiling floats: A promising new technique, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 302-308.
23. 2 cycle at 49°N/16.5°W in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and what it tells us about biological productivity, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2007JC004347, in press.
24. Lazier, J., R. Hendry, A. Clarke, I. Yashayaev, and P. Rhines (2002), Convection and restratification in the Labrador Sea, 1990-2000, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 49, 1819-1835.
25. Lee, K., L. T. Tong, F. J. Millero, C. L. Sabine, A. G. Dickson, C. Goyet, G.-H. Park, R. Wanninkhof, R. A. Feely, and R. M. Key (2006), Global relationships of total alkalinity with salinity and temperature in surface waters of the world's oceans, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19605, doi:10.1029/2006GL027207.
26. 2 in the North Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07306, doi:10.1029/2003GL018957.
27. Levitus, S., J. Antonov, and T. Boyer (2005), Warming of the world ocean, 1955-2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, LD2604, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL021592.
28. 2 System Calculations, ORNL/CDIAC-105, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., U.S. Dep. of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn.
29. Lilly, J. M., P. B. Rbines, E Schott, K. Lavender, J. Lazier, U. Send, and E. D'Asaro (2003), Observations of the Labrador Sea eddy field, Prog. Oceanogr., 59, 75-176.
30. Liss, P. S., and L. Merlivat (1986), Air-sea gas exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis, in The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, edited by P. Buat-Ménard, pp. 113-127, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
31. Longhurst, A. R. (2007), Ecological Geography of the Sea, 2nd ed., 542 pp., Academic, Amsterdam.
32. 2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocoan during a full annual cycle, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GP3023, doi:10.1029/2003GB002200.
33. 2 flux variability in the equatorial Pacific and the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB2011, doi:10.1029/2003GB002179.
34. Mehrbach, C., C. H. Culberson, J. E. Hawley, and R. M. Pytkowicz (1973), Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure, Limnol. Oceanogr., 18, 897-907.
35. Monterey, G., and S. Levitus (1997), Seasonal variability of mixed layer depth for the World Ocean, NOAA NESDIS Atlas 14, 100 pp., Natl. Oceanic and Atmos.c Admin., Washington, D.C.
36. Najar, R. G., and R. F. Keeling (1997), Analysis of the mean annual cycle of the dissolved oxygen anomaly in the World Ocean, J. Mar. Res., 55, 117-151.
37. Najar, R. G., and R. F. Keeling (2000), Mean annual cycle of the air-sea oxygen flux: A global view, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14(2), 573-584.
38. Nightingale, P. D., G. Malin, C. S. Law, A. J. Watson, P. S. Liss, M. I. Liddicoat, J. Boutin, and R. C. Upstill-Goddard (2000), In situ evaluation of air-sea gas exchange parameterizations using novel conservative and volatile tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14(1), 373-388.
39. 2 disequilibrium and its rate of change in the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, 1972-1989, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L04602, doi:10.1029/2005GL025425.
40. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, and F. A. Richards (1963), The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water, in The Sea, edited by M. N. Hill, pp. 26-77, Interscience, New York.
41. 2 concentration, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, 213-230.
42. 14C measurements, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 21, GB2015, doi:10.1029 /2006GB002784.
43. 2 and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: A comparative study, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 843-878.
44. 2, and seasonal biological and temperature effects, Deep Sea Res. Part II, 49, 1601-1622.
45. Tengberg, A., et al. (2006), Evaluation of a life time based optode to measure oxygen in aquatic systems, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 4, 7-17.
46. Wanninkhof, R. (1992), Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373-7382.
47. 2 exchange and wind speed, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1889-1892.
48. Weiss, R. F. (1974), Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: The solubility of a non-ideal gas, Mar. Chem., 2, 203-215.
49. Wentz, F., and T. Meissner (2004), AMSR-E/Aqua Daily L3 Global Ascending/ Descending 0.25° × 0.25° Ocean Grids V001, March to June 2004, http://www-nsidc.colorado.edu/data/amsre/data_summaries.html, Natl. Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colo.