Update on research findings and regulatory/legal activities regarding tapwater lead exposure traditional leaded-brass and "No-Lead" type plumbing parts

Journal of the New England Water Works Association

Volumn 118, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 99-111

  Maas, Richard P ^a   Patch, Steven C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT ASHEVILLE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLUMBING PARTS; PUBLIC HEALTH; TAPWATER;

HEALTH; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; LEAD; NEUROLOGY; REGULATORY COMPLIANCE; WATER POLLUTION CONTROL;

POTABLE WATER;

EID: 4544307883     PISSN: 00284939     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. American Water Works Association. 1990. Water Quality and Treatment (4th Edition). New York: McGraw Hill Publishing.
2. ANSI/NSF. 2001. Section 9, Testing of Drinking Water Components. Available from NSF, Ann Arbor, MI.
3. Bellinger, D., A. Leviton, C. Wateraux, H. Needleman and M. Rubinowitz. 1987. Longitudinal Analysis of Cognitive Development. New England Journal of Medicine, 316:1037-1043.
4. Bois, E.Y. et al. 1989. Application of Clearance Concepts to the Assessment of Exposure to Lead in Drinking Water. American Journal of Public Health, 79(7):827-831.
5. Canfield, R.L., C.R. Henderson, DA Cory-Slechta, C. Cox, T.A. Susko and B.P. Lanphear. 2003. Intellectual Impairment in Children With Blood Lead Concentrations Below 10 ug per Deciliter. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(16):1517-1526.
6. Lanphear, B. 2001. Cognitive Deficits Associated With Blood Lead Concentrations < 10 ug/L in US Children and Adolescents. Public Health Reports.
7. Lappman, M. 2000. Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
8. Lytle, D.A. and M.R. Schock. 1996. Stagnation Time, Composition, pH and Orthophosphate Effects on Metal Leaching From Brass (EPA/600/R-96-103). September 1996.
9. Maas, R.P. 2001. Estimation of Human Lead Exposure From In-Spec (<6% Pb) and Out-of-Spec (>6% Pb) Leaded Brass Curb Valves, Curb Valve Tail Pieces, Elbow Connector Nuts, Corporation Nuts and Corporation Threads. UNC-Asheville Environmental Quality Institute Technical Report, April 30, 2001. 8p.
10. Maas, R.P. 2002. Estimation of Human Lead Exposure from Leaded Brass Water Works Parts-Installed in Residential Service. UNC-Asheville Environmental Quality Institute Technical Report, April 2002. 9p.
11. Maas, R.P. and M.S. LaGoy. 1999. Survey of Average California Public Water Supply Corrosivity Characteristics. UNC-Asheville Environmental Quality Institute.
12. Maas, R.P. and S.C. Patch. 1999. Lead Leaching From In-Service Residential Water Meters: A Laboratory Study. Source (CA Section of AWWA), 100(3):27-28.
13. Maas, R.P., S.C. Patch, D.M. Morgan and H. Kawaguchi. 1997. Lead Leaching From Brass Water Meters Under Pressurized Flow Conditions. Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 1997 Annual Conference, 589-602.
14. Maas, R.P., S.C. Patch, D.M. Morgan and S.C. Loucaides. 1999. Lead Leaching From Los Angeles In-Service Brass Water Meters. UNC Asheville Environmental Quality Institute Technical Report #99-068. 17p.
15. McMichael, A.J. et al. 1988. Port Pirie Cohort Study: Environmental Exposure to Lead and Children's Abilities at the Age of Four Years. New England Journal of Medical, 319:468-475.
16. Needleman, H.L. and C.A. Gatsonis. 1990. Low-Level Lead Exposure and the IQ of Children: A Meta-Analysis of Modern Studies. Journal of the American Medical Association, 263(5):673-678.
17. Needleman, H.L. et al. 1990. The Long-Term Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Lead in Childhood: An 11- Year Follow-up Report. New England Journal of Medicine, 322:83-88.
18. Schwartz, J. 1994. Low-Level Lead Exposure and Children's IQ: A Meta-Analysis and Search for a Threshold. Environmental Research, 65:42-55.
19. Sciorello, W.G., G. Alexander and K.P. Farrell. 1992. Lead Exposure and Child Behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 82:1356-1360.
20. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration, Part II. 58 Federal Register 117 (June 1, 1993), codified at 21 CRF parts 109 and 189.
21. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. February 1995. Lead Poisoning and Young Children (EPA 800-B-92-0002). Washington, DC.
22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water Regulations: Maximum Contaminant Level Goals and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Lead and Copper. 53 Federal Register 110 (June 7, 1991).