Gravitational bar and spiral arm torques from K s-band observations and implications for the pattern speeds

Astronomical Journal

Volumn 128, Issue 1 1783, 2004, Pages 183-201

  Block, D L ^a   Buta, R ^b   Knapen, J H ^c   Elmegreen, D M ^d   Elmegreen, B G ^e   Puerari, I ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE   (United Kingdom)

^d VASSAR COLLEGE   (United States)

^e IBM T J WATSON RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^f INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ASTROFÍSICA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxies: photometry; Galaxies: spiral; Galaxies: structure

Indexed keywords

EID: 4544293803     PISSN: 00046256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/421362     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Abraham, R. G., & Merrifield, M. R. 2000, AJ, 120, 2835
2. Athanassoula, E. 1992, MNRAS, 259, 328
3. Bell, E. F., & de Jong, R. 2001, ApJ, 550, 212
4. Bertin, G. 1996, in New Extragalactic Perspectives in the New South Africa, ed. D. L. Block & J. M. Greenberg (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 227
5. Bertin, G., Lau, Y. Y., Lin, C. C., Mark, J. W. K., & Sugiyama, L. 1977, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 74, 4726
6. Block, D. L., Bertin, G., Stockton, A., Grosbol, P., Moorwood, A. F. M., & Peletier, R. F. 1994, A&A, 288, 365
7. Block, D. L., Bournaud, F., Combes, F., Puerari, I., & Buta, R. 2002, A&A, 394, L35
8. Block, D. L., & Puerari, I. 1999, A&A, 342, 627
9. Block, D. L., Puerari, I., Frogel, J. A., Eskridge, P. B., Stockton, A., & Fuchs, B. 1999, Ap&SS, 269, 5
10. Block, D. L., Puerari, I., Knapen, J. H., Elmegreen, B. G., Buta, R., Stedman, S., & Elmegreen, D. M. 2001, A&A, 375, 761
11. Block, D. L., & Wainscoat, R. J. 1991, Nature, 353, 48
12. Buta, R. 1985, Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia, 6, 56
13. _. 1986, ApJS, 61, 609
14. _. 1995, ApJS, 96, 39
15. Buta, R., Alpert, A., Cobb, M. L., Crocker, D. A., & Purcell, G. B. 1998, AJ, 116, 1142
16. Buta, R., & Block, D. L. 2001, ApJ, 550, 243 (BB01)
17. Buta, R., Block, D. L., & Knapen, J. H. 2003, AJ, 126, 1148 (BBK03)
18. Buta, R., & Combes, F. 1996, Fundam. Cosmic Phys., 17, 95
19. Buta, R., & Crocker, D. A. 1991, AJ, 102, 1715
20. _. 1993, AJ, 105, 1344
21. Buta, R., Laurikainen, E., & Salo, H. 2004, AJ, 127, 279 (BLS04)
22. Buta, R., & Purcell, G. B. 1998, AJ, 115, 484
23. Buta, R., Purcell, G. B., Cobb, M. L., Crocker, D. A., Rautiainen, P., & Salo, H. 1999, AJ, 117, 778
24. Buta, R., Purcell, G. B., & Crocker, D. A. 1995a, AJ, 110, 1588
25. Buta, R., Ryder, S. D., Madsen, G. J., Wesson, K., Crocker, D. A., & Combes, F. 2001, AJ, 121, 225
26. Buta, R., van Driel, W., Braine, J., Combes, F., Wakamatsu, K., Sofue, Y., & Tomita, A. 1995b, ApJ, 450, 593
27. Byrd, G., Rautiainen, P., Salo, H., Crocker, D. A., & Buta, R. 1994, AJ, 108, 476
28. Cole, A. A., & Weinberg, M. D. 2002, ApJ, 574, L43
29. Combes, F., & Elmegreen, B. G. 1993, A&A, 271, 391
30. Combes, F., & Sanders, R. H. 1981, A&A, 96, 164
31. Danver, C. G. 1942, Ann. Obs. Lund, 10, 7
32. de Grijs, R. 1998, MNRAS, 299, 595
33. de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., Corwin, H. G., Jr., Buta, R. J., Paturel, G., & Fouque, P. 1991, Third Reference Catalog of Bright Galaxies (New York: Springer) (RC3)
34. de Vaucouleurs, G., & Freeman, K. C. 1972, Vistas Astron., 14, 163
35. Elmegreen, B. G., & Elmegreen, D. M. 1985, ApJ, 288, 438
36. _. 1989, ApJ, 342, 677
37. Elmegreen, B. G., Elmegreen, D. M., & Montenegro, L. 1992, ApJS, 79, 37
38. Elmegreen, B. G., Wilcots, E., & Pisano, D. J. 1998, ApJ, 494, L37
39. Elmegreen, D. M., Chromcy, F. R., Bissell, B. A., & Corrado, K. 1999, AJ, 118, 2618
40. Elmegreen, D. M., & Elmegreen, B. G. 1982, MNRAS, 201, 1021
41. _. 1987, ApJ, 314, 3
42. _. 1990, ApJ, 364, 412
43. Eskridge, P., et al. 2000, AJ, 119, 536
44. Jorsater, S., & van Moorsel, G. 1995, AJ, 110, 2037
45. Kent, S. 1986, AJ, 91, 1301
46. Knapen, J. H., de long, R. S., Stedman, S., & Bramich, D. M. 2003, MNRAS, 344, 527
47. Knapen, J. H., Shlosman, I., Heller, C. H., Rand, R. J., Beckman, J. E., & Rozas, M. 2000, ApJ, 528, 219
48. Kormendy, J. 1977, ApJ, 217, 406
49. _. 1979, ApJ, 227, 714
50. Kormendy, J., & Norman, C. A. 1979, ApJ, 233, 539
51. Laurikainen, E., & Salo, H. 2002, MNRAS, 337, 1118
52. Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., & Buta, R. 2004a, ApJ, in press
53. Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., Buta, R., & Vasylyev, S. 2004b, in preparation
54. Laurikainen, E., Salo, H., & Rautiainen, P. 2002, MNRAS, 331, 880
55. Lindblad, P. A. B., Lindblad, P. O., & Athanassoula, E. 1996, A&A, 313, 65
56. Martin, P. 1995, AJ, 109, 2428
57. Packham, C., et al. 2003, MNRAS, 345, 395
58. Pfenniger, D., & Norman, C. A. 1990, ApJ, 363, 391
59. Quillen, A. C., Frogel, J. A., & Gonzalez, R. A. 1994, ApJ, 437, 162
60. Rautiainen, P., & Salo, H. 2000, A&A, 362, 465 (RS00)
61. Rautiainen, P., Salo, H., & Buta, R. 2004, MNRAS, 349, 933
62. Regan, M., & Elmegreen, D. M. 1997, AJ, 114, 965
63. Regan, M., Teuben, P. J., Vogel, S. N., & van der Hulst, T. 1996, AJ, 112, 2549
64. Salo, H., Rautiainen, P., Buta, R., Purcell, G. B., Cobb, M. L., Crocker, D. A., & Laurikainen, E. 1999, AJ, 117, 792
65. Sandage, A., & Bedke, J. S. 1994, The Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies (Washington: Carnegie Inst.)
66. Sanders, R. H., & Tubbs, A. D. 1980, ApJ, 235, 803
67. Schröder, M. F. S., Pastroriza, M. G., Kepler, S. O., & Puerari, I. 1994, A&AS, 108, 41
68. Schwarz, M. P. 1981, ApJ, 247, 77
69. _. 1984, A&A, 133, 222
70. Sellwood, J. A., & Sparke, L. S. 1988, MNRAS, 231, 25P
71. Sellwood, J. A., & Wilkinson, A. 1993, Rep. Prog. Phys., 56, 173
72. Tagger, M., Sygnet, J. F., Athanassoula, E., & Pellat, R. 1987, ApJ, 318, L43
73. Toomre, A. 1964, ApJ, 139, 1217
74. Tully, R. B. 1988, Nearby Galaxies Catalog (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)
75. Whyte, L., Abraham, R. G., Merrifield, M. R., Eskridge, P. B., Frogel, J. A., & Pogge, R. W. 2002, MNRAS, 336, 1281
76. Wozniak, H., Friedli, D., Martinet, L., Martin, P., & Bratschi, P. 1995, A&AS, 111, 115
77. Yuan, C., & Kuo, C.-L. 1997, ApJ, 486, 750
78. _. 1998, ApJ, 497, 689