Risk factor profile and treatment patterns of patients with atherothrombosis in Singapore: Insight from the REACH registry

Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 365-371

  Yeo, Tiong Cheng ^a   Chan, Yiong Huak ^b   Low, Lip Ping ^c   Venketasubramanian, N ^d   Lim, Su Chi ^e   Tay, Jam Chin ^d   Tan, Ru San ^f   Eng, Peter ^g   Lingamanaicker, Jayaram ^h  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^c Private Specialists and General Practioners

^d TAN TOCK SENG HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

^e ALEXANDRA HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

^f DEPARTMENT OF CARDIOLOGY   (Singapore)

^g SINGAPORE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

^h CHANGI GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Obesity; Undertreatment; Vascular disease

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BIGUANIDE DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLESTEROL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCOSE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; NITRATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; SULFONYLUREA;

ABDOMINAL OBESITY; ADULT; AGED; ARTERY DISEASE; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE REGISTRY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBESITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REGISTER; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SINGAPORE; SMOKING; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 45249116387     PISSN: 03044602     EISSN: 29724066     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 1995;92:657-71.
2. Drouet L. Atherothrombosis as a systemic disease. Cerebrovasc Dis 2002; 13:1-6.
3. CAPR1E Trial Investigators. A randomized, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996;348:1329-39.
4. Newman AB, Shemanski L, Manolio TA, Cushman M, Mittelmark M, Polak JF, et al. Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:538-45.
5. Liehtman JH, Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Brass LM. Risk and predictors of stroke after myocardial infarction among the elderly: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. Circulation 2002; 105:1082-7.
6. Vliegenthart R, Hollander M, Breteler MM, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, Oudkerk M, et al. Stroke is associated with coronary calcification as detected by electron-beam CT: the Rotterdam Coronary calcification Study. Stroke 2002;33:462-5.
7. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascularevents in high risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 145-53.
8. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood pressure lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Lancet 2001;358:1033-41.
9. Scandivian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. Lancet l994;344:1383-9.
10. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high risk individuals: a randomized placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.
11. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high-risk patients. BMJ 2002;324: 71-86.
12. Steg PG, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Fox KA, Eagle KA, Flather MD, et al. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes in Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Am J Cardiol 2002;90:358-63.
13. Fox KA, Cokkinos DV, Deckers J, Keil U, Magioni A, Steg PG. The European Network for Acute Coronary Treatment (ENACT) study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2000;21;1440-9.
14. Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA Project). MONICA Manual, Part I: Description and Organisation of the Project. World Health Organisation 1990. Available at: http://www.Ktl.fl/ publications/monica.
15. Wilson PW. Framingham and European risk algorithms: Implications for African Americans. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2004;5:535-41.
16. Ohman EM, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Goto S, Hirsch AT, Liau CS, et al, for REACH Registry investigators. The REACH Registry: an international, prospective, observational investigation in subjects at risk of atherothrombotic events-study design. Am Heart J 2006; 151:786e 1-10.
17. Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Ohman EM, Hirsch AT, Ikeda Y, Mas JL, et al, for REACH Registry investigators. International prevalence, recognition, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA 2006;295:180-9.
18. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004;364:937-52.
19. Deurenberg P, Yap M, van Starveren WA. Body mass index and percent body fat: a meta-analysis among different ethnic groups. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord l998;22:l 164-71.
20. Chang CJ, Wu CH, Chang CS, Chang TC, Wang RH, Chang CJ. Low body mass index but high percent body fat in Taiwanese subjects: implications of obesity cutoffs. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:253-9.
21. Pan WH, Flegal KM, Chang HY, Yeh WT, Yeh CJ, Lee WC. Body mass index and obesity related metabolic disorders in Taiwanese and US whites and blacks: implications for definitions of overweight and obesity for Asians. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:31-9.
22. Moon OR, Kim NS, Jang SM, Yoon TH, Kim SO. The relationship between body mass index and the prevalence of obesity related diseases based on the 1995 National Health Interview Survey in Korea. Obes Rev 2002;3:191-6.
23. 2) Asian Indians with normal waist circumference have high cardiovascular risk. Nutrition 2003; 19:503-9
24. Deurenberg-Yap M, Chew SK, Deurenberg P. Elevated body fat percentage and cardiovascular risks at low body mass index levels among Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians. Obes Rev 2002;3:209-15.
25. The World Health Organisation Western Pacific Region, The International Association for the Study of Obesity, and The International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia Pte Ltd, 2000.
26. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high Blood cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) JAMA 2001;285:2486-97.
27. Lee TH, Cleeman JI, Grundy SM, Gillett C, Pasternak RC, Seidman J, et al. Clinical goals and performance measures for cholesterol management in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA 2000;283: 94-8.
28. Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Brown BG, Ganz P, Vogel RA, et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis; a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1071-80.