Cannabis use and the risk behavior syndrome in Italian university students: Are they related to suicide risk?

Psychological Reports

Volumn 102, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 577-594

  Innamorati, Marco ^a   Pompili, Maurizio ^b,c   Ferrari, Vincenzo ^c   Girardi, Paolo ^c   Tatarelli, Roberto ^c   Tamburello, Antonino ^d   Lester, David ^d  

^a Universita' Europea of Rome

^b SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^c SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^d RICHARD STOCKTON COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CHILD BEHAVIOR; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; ITALY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PROBABILITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SAMPLE SIZE; STANDARD; STATISTICS; STUDENT; SUICIDE; SYNDROME; UNIVERSITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR; ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; ATTITUDE; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMANS; ITALY; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; PROBABILITY; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK FACTORS; RISK-TAKING; ROME; SAMPLE SIZE; STUDENTS; SUICIDE; SYNDROME; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 45149096740     PISSN: 00332941     EISSN: 1558691X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2466/PR0.102.2.577-594     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. ADLAF, E. M., GLIKSMAN, L., DEMERS, A., NEWTON-TAYLOR, B. (2003) Illicit drug use among Canadian university undergraduates. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35, 24-43.
2. ARAGONES BENAIGES, E., MASDEU MONTALA, R. M., CANDO GUASCH, G., & COLL BORRAS, G. (2001) Validez diagnostica de la Self-rating Depression Scale de Zung in pacientes de atencion primaria [Diagnostic validity of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale in primary health care patients]. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatria, 29, 310-316.
3. BEAUTRAIS, A. L., JOYCE, P. R., & MULDER, R. T. (1999) Cannabis abuse and serious suicide attempts. Addiction, 94, 1155-1164.
4. BENJAMINI, Y., & HOCHBERG, Y. (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 57, 289-300.
5. BONN-MILLER, M. O., ZVOLENSKY, M. J., & BERNSTEIN, A. (2007) Marijuana use motives: concurrent relations to frequency of past 30-day use and anxiety sensitivity among young adult marijuana smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 49-62.
6. BREIMAN, L., FRIEDMAN, J. H., OLSHEN, R. A., & STONE, C. J. (1984) Classification and regression trees. Monterey, CA: Wadsworth.
7. BURGE, V., FELTS, M., CHENIER, T., & PARRILLO, A. V. (1995) Drug use, sexual activity, and suicidal behavior in U.S. high school students. Journal of School Health, 65, 222-227.
8. CARROLL, S. T., RIFFENBURGH, R. H., ROBERTS, T. A., & MYHRE, E. B. (2002) Tattoos and body piercings as indicators of adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Pediatrics, 109, 1021-1027.
9. CHABROL, H., CHAUCHARD, E., & GIRABET, J. (2008) Cannabis use and suicidal behaviours in high-school students. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 152-155.
10. CLOUGH, A. R., D'ABBS, P., CAIRNEY, S., GRAY, D., MARUFF, P., PARKER, R., & O'REILLY, B. (2005) Adverse mental health effects of cannabis use in two indigenous communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia: exploratory study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 612-620.
11. COMEAU, N., STEWART, S. H., & LOBA, P. (2001) The relations of trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and sensation seeking to adolescents' motivations for alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 803-825.
12. CORYELL, W., & YOUNG, E. A. (2005) Clinical predictors of suicide in primary major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 412-417.
13. DE IRALA, J., RUIZ-CANELA, M., & MARTÍNEZ-GONZÁLEZ, M. A. (2005) Causal relationship between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms or depression: should we wait and see? A public health perspective. Medical Science Monitor, 11, RA355-RA358.
14. DHOSSCHE, D. M., RICH, C. L., GHANI, S. O., & ISACSSON, G. (2001) Patterns of psychoactive substance detection from routine toxicology of suicides in Mobile, Alabama, between 1990 and 1998. Journal of Affective Disorders, 64, 167-174.
15. DHOSSCHE, D. M., RICH, C. L., & ISACSSON, G. (2001) Psychoactive substances in suicides: comparison of toxicologic findings in two samples. American Journal of Forensic Medical Pathology, 22, 239-243.
16. DONNELLY, N., HALL, W., & CHRISTIE, P. (1995) The effects of partial decriminalisation on cannabis use in South Australia, 1985 to 1993. Australian Journal of Public Health, 19, 281-287.
17. FERGUSSON, D. M., & HORWOOD, L. J. (2000) Does cannabis use encourage other forms of illicit drug use? Addiction, 95, 505-520.
18. FERGUSSON, D. M., HORWOOD, L. J., & SWAIN-CAMPBELL, N. (2002) Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood. Addiction, 97, 1123-1135.
19. FLISHER, A. J., ZIERVOGEL, C. F., CHALTON, D. O., LEGER, P. H., & ROBERTSON, B. A. (1996a) Risk-taking behaviour of Cape Peninsula high-school students: Part I. Evidence for a syndrome of adolescent risk behaviour. South African Medical Journal, 86, 1090-1093.
20. FLISHER, A. J., ZIERVOGEL, C. F., CHALTON, D. O., LEGER, P. H., & ROBERTSON, B. A. (1996b) Risk-taking behaviour of Cape Peninsula high-school students: Part X. Multivariate relationships among behaviours. South African Medical Journal, 86, 1094-1098.
21. GABRYS, J. B., & PETERS, K. (1985) Reliability, discriminant and predictive validity of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. Psychological Reports, 57, 1091-1096.
22. GERRA, G., ANGIONI, L., ZAIMOVIC, A., MOI, G., BUSSANDRI, M., BERTACCA, S., SANTORO, G., CACCAVARI, R., & NICOLI, M. A. (2004) Substance use among high-school students: relationships with temperament, personality traits, and parental care perception. Substance Use and Misuse, 39, 345-367.
23. GLEDHILL-HOYT, J., LEE, H., STROTE, J., & WECHSLER, H. (2000) Increased use of marijuana and other illicit drugs at U.S. colleges in the 1990s: results of three national surveys. Addiction, 95, 1655-1667.
24. HALLFORS, D. D., WALLER, M. W., BAUER, D., FORD, C. A., & HALPERN, C. T. (2005) Which comes first in adolescence - sex and drugs or depression? American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29, 163-170.
25. HALLFORS, D. D., WALLER, M. W., FORD, C. A., HALPERN, C. T., BRODISH, P. H., & IRITANI, B. (2004) Adolescent depression and suicide risk: association with sex and drug behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27, 224-231.
26. HAMMERSLEY, R., & LEON, V. (2006) Patterns of cannabis use and positive and negative experiences of use amongst university students. Addiction Research and Theory, 14, 189-205.
27. HAWTON, K., SUTTON, L., HAW, C., SINCLAIR, J., & DEEKS, J. J. (2005) Schizophrenia and suicide: systematic review of risk factors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 9-20.
28. HENQUET, C., KRABBENDAM, L., DE GRAAF, R., TEN HAVE, M., & VAN OS, J. (2006) Cannabis use and expression of mania in the general population. Journal of Affective Disorders, 95, 103-110.
29. INNAMORATI, M., LELLI, M., AIELLO, S., DI LORENZO DEL CASALE, F. L., RUSSO, S., & FERRARI, V. (2006) Validazione convergente e discriminante della versione italiana della Zung Self-rating Depression Scale [Convergent and discriminant validation of the Italian version of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 12, 343-353.
30. JEGEDE, R. O. (1977) Psychometric attributes of the Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Psychological Reports, 40, 306.
31. JOHNSTON, L. D., O'MALLEY, P. M., BACHMAN, J. G., & SCHULENBERG, J. E. (2007) Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2006. Volume II: College students and adults ages 19-45. (NIH Publication No. 07-6206) Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
32. KASS, G. V. (1980) An exploratory technique for investigating large quantities of categorical data. Applied Statistics, 29, 119-127.
33. KIRMAYER, L. J., BOOTHROYD, L. J., & HODGINS, S. (1998) Attempted suicide among Inuit youth: psychosocial correlates and implications for prevention. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 816-822.
34. KISELY, S. (2005) A tale of two jurisdictions. Can Australia and Canada learn from each other's experience with cannabis control? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 154-160.
35. KOKKEVI, A., GABHAINN, S. N., & SPYROPOULOU, M. (2006) Early initiation of cannabis use: a cross-national European perspective. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 712-719.
36. KONINGS, M., & MAHARAJH, H. D. (2006) Cannabis use and mood disorders: patterns of clinical presentations among adolescents in a developing country. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 18, 221-233.
37. KOSVINER, A., HAWKS, D., & WEBB, M. G. (1974) Cannabis use amongst British university students: prevalence rates and differences between students who have tried cannabis and those who have never tried it. British Journal of Addiction, 69, 35-60.
38. MAHARAJH, H. D., & KONINGS, M. (2005) Cannabis and suicidal behaviour among adolescents: a pilot study from Trinidad. Scientific World Journal, 5, 576-585.
39. MAYERS, L. B., MORIARTY, B. W., JUDELSON, D. A., & RUNDELL, K. W. (2003) Tattooing and body piercing. Pediatrics, 111, 1126.
40. MICHELSON, L., & MAVISSAKALIAN, M. (1983) Temporal stability of self-report measures in agoraphobia research. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 695-698.
41. MOHLER-KUO, M., LEE, J. E., & WECHSLER, H. (2003) Trends in marijuana and other illicit drug use among college students: results from four Harvard school of public health college alcohol study surveys: 1993-2001. Journal of American College Health, 52, 17-24.
42. MONSHOUWER, K., VAN DORSSELAER, S., VERDURMEN, J., BOGT, T. T., DE GRAAF, R., & VOLLEBERGH, W. (2006) Cannabis use and mental health in secondary school children: findings from a Dutch survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 148-153.
43. MOTTO, J. A. (1992) An integrated approach to estimating suicide risk. In R. Maris, L. Berman, T. Maltzberger, & R. Yufit (Eds.), Assessment and prediction of suicide. New York: Guilford. Pp. 635-639.
44. MPOFU, E., CALDWELL, L., SMITH, E., FLISHER, A. J., MATHEWS, C., WEGNER, L., & VERGNANI, T. (2006) Rasch modeling of the structure of health risk behavior in South African adolescents. Journal of Applied Measurement, 7, 323-334.
45. PARFREY, P. S. (1977) Factors associated with undergraduate marijuana use in Cork. British Journal of Addiction, 72, 59-65.
46. PATTON, G. C., COFFEY, C., CARLIN, J. B., DEGENHARDT, L., LYNSKEY, M., & HALL, W. (2002) Cannabis use and mental health in young people: a cohort study. British Medical Journal, 325, 1195-1198.
47. PERRET, G., FLOMENBAUM, M., & LA HARPE, R. (2003) Suicides by fall from height in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1991 to 2000. Journal of Forensic Science, 48, 821-826.
48. RAMSAY, M., & PARTRIDGE, S. (1999) Drug misuse declared in 1998: results from the British Crime Survey. London, UK: Home Office.
49. RAPHAEL, B., WOODING, S., STEVENS, G., & CONNOR, J. (2005) Comorbidity: cannabis and complexity. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 11, 161-176.
50. REY, J. M., MARTIN, A., & KRABMAN, P. (2004) Is the party over? Cannabis and juvenile psychiatric disorder: the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1194-1205.
51. RIHMER, Z. (2007) Suicide risk in mood disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20, 17-22.
52. ROBERTS, T. A., AUINGER, P., & RYAN, S. A. (2004) Body piercing and high-risk behavior in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 34, 224-229.
53. ROBERTS, T. A., & RYAN, S. A. (2002) Tattooing and high-risk behavior in adolescents. Pediatrics, 110, 1058-1063.
54. SCHAEFER, A., BROWN, J., WATSON, C. G., PLEMEL, D., DEMOTTS, J., HOWARD, M. T., PETRICK, N., BALLEWEG, B. J., & ANDERSON, D. (1985) Comparison of the validities of the Beck, Zung, and MMPI Depression scales. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 53, 415-418.
55. SINGLE, E. W. (1989) The impact of marijuana decriminalization: an update. Journal of Public Health Policy, 10, 456-466.
56. STELMACHERS, Z. T. (1995) Assessing suicidal clients. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), Clinical personality assessment. New York: Oxford Univer. Press. Pp. 367-379.
57. STEPHENS, M. B. (2003) Behavioral risks associated with tattooing. Family Medicine, 35, 52-54.
58. STINSON, F. S., RUAN, W. J., PICKERING, R., & GRANT, B. F. (2006) Cannabis use disorders in the USA: prevalence, correlates and co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1447-1460.
59. THURBER, S., SNOW, M., & HONTS, C. R. (2002) The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale: convergent validity and diagnostic discrimination. Assessment, 9, 401-405.
60. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME. (2006) 2006 World Drug Report: Volume 1. Analysis. Vienna: Author.
61. WAGNER, F. A., & ANTHONY, J. C. (2007) Male-female differences in the risk of progression from first use to dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86, 191-198.
62. WILD, L. G., FLISHER, A. J., BHANA, A., & LOMBARD, C. (2004) Associations among adolescent risk behaviours and self-esteem in six domains. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 45, 1454-1467.
63. YAMASAKI, A., CHINAMI, M., SUZUKI, M., KANEKO, Y., FUJITA, D., SHIRAKAWA, T. (2005) Tobacco and alcohol tax relationships with suicide in Switzerland. Psychological Reports, 97, 213-216.
64. ZUNG, W. W. K. (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63.
65. ZUNG, W. W. K. (1971) A rating instrument of anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 12, 371-379.