Advances of modeling water flow in variably saturated soils with SWAP

Vadose Zone Journal

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 640-653

  Van Dam, Jos C ^a   Groenendijk, Piet ^a   Hendriks, Rob F A ^a   Kroes, Joop G ^a  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITION; HEAT TRANSFER; HYDROLOGICAL MODELING; MACROPORE; RICHARDS EQUATION; SOIL WATER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; SURFACE WATER; WATER FLOW; WATER MANAGEMENT;

EID: 44949236124     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15391663     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2136/vzj2007.0060     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Allen, R.G., L.S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrig. Drain. Pap. 56. FAO, Rome.
2. Bethune, M.G., and Q.J. Wang. 2004. Simulating the water balance of border-check irrigated pasture on a cracking soil. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 44:163-171.
3. Belmans, C., J.G. Wesseling, and R.A. Feddes. 1983. Simulation model of the water balance of a cropped soil. J. Hydrol. 63:271-286.
4. Bessembinder, J.J.E., A.S. Dhindwal, P.A. Leffelaar, T. Ponsioen, and Sher Singh. 2003. Analysis of crop growth. p. 59-83. In J.C. van Dam and R.S. Malik (ed.) Water productivity of irrigated crops in Sirsa district, India. Integration of remote sensing, crop and soil models and geographical information systems. WUR/CCSHAU/IWMI/WaterWatch, WATPRO final report, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
5. Black, T.A., W.R. Gardner, and G.W. Thurtell. 1969. The prediction of evaporation, drainage, and soil water storage for a bare soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 33:655-660.
6. Boesten, J.J.T.I., and L. Stroosnijder. 1986. Simple model for daily evaporation from fallow tilled soil under spring conditions in a temperate climate. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 34:75-90.
7. Booltink, H.W.G. 1993. Morphometric methods for simulation of water flow. Ph.D. diss., Wageningen Univ., the Netherlands.
8. Bouma, J., and L.W. Dekker. 1978. A case study on infiltration into a dry clay soil. I. Morphological observations. Geoderma 20:27-40.
9. Braden, H. 1985. Energiehaushalts- und Verdunstungsmodell für Wasser- und Stoffhaushaltsuntersuchungen landwirtschaftlich genutzter Einzugsgebiete. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft. 42:254-299.
10. Celia, M.A., E.T. Bouloutas, and R.L. Zarba. 1990. A general mass-conservative numerical solution for the unsaturated flow equation. Water Resour. Res. 26:1483-1496.
11. Crescimanno, G., and P. Garofalo. 2005. Application and evaluation of the SWAP model for simulating water and solute transport in a cracking clay soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 69:1943-1954.
12. Crescimanno, G., and P. Garofalo. 2006. Management of irrigation with saline water in cracking clay soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:1774-1787.
13. de Jong van Lier, Q., J.C. van Dam, K. Metselaar, R. de Jong, and W.H.M. Duynisveld. 2008. Macroscopic root water uptake distribution using a matric flux potential approach. Vadose Zone J. 7 (in press).
14. de Lange, W.J. 1999. A Cauchy boundary condition for the lumped interaction between an arbitrary number of surface waters and a regional aquifer. J. Hydrol. 226:250-261.
15. de Vries, D.A. 1975. Heat transfer in soils. p. 5-28. In D.A. de Vries and N.H. Afgan (ed.) Heat and mass transfer in the biosphere. I. Transfer processes in plant environment. Scripts Book Company, Washington, DC.
16. Doherty, J., L. Brebber, and P. Whyte. 1994. Pest. Model-independent parameter estimation. Watermark Computing, Corinda, Australia.
17. Droogers, P., G. Kite, and H. Murray-Rust. 2000. Use of simulation models to evaluate irrigation performance including water productivity, risk and system analysis. Irrig. Sci. 19:139-145.
18. Droogers, P., J.C. van Dam, J. Hoogeveen, and R. Loeve. 2004. Adaptation strategies to climate change to sustain food security. p. 49-74. In J.C.J.H. Aerts and P. Droogers (ed.) Climate change in contrasting river basins. CABI Publishers, London.
19. Ernst, L.F. 1978. Drainage of undulating sandy soils with high groundwater tables. I. A drainage formula based on a constant hydraulic head ratio. J. Hydrol. 39:1-30.
20. FAO-Unesco. 1988. Soil map of the world. Revised legend. FAO Soils Bull. 52. FAO, Rome.
21. Feddes, R.A. 1971. Water, heat and crop growth. Ph.D. diss. Wageningen Univ., the Netherlands.
22. Feddes, R.A. 1987. Crop factors in relation to Makkink's reference crop evapotranspiration. p. 33-45. In Evaporation and weather. CHO-TNO Proc. and Inform. 39. The Hague, the Netherlands.
23. Feddes, R.A., P.J. Kowalik, and H. Zaradny. 1978. Simulation of field water use and crop yield. Simulation Monographs, Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
24. Finke, P.A., D.J. Brus, M.F.P. Bierkens, T. Hoogland, M. Knotters, and F. de Vries. 2004. Mapping groundwater dynamics using multiple sources of exhaustive high resolution data. Geoderma 123:23-39.
25. Gash, J.H.C. 1979. An analytical model of rainfall interception by forests. Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc. 105:43-55.
26. Gash, J.H.C., C.R. Lloyd, and G. Lachaud. 1995. Estimating sparse forest rainfall interception with an analytical model. J. Hydrol. 170:79-86.
27. Gelhar, L.W., and J.L. Wilson. 1974. Groundwater quality modeling. Ground Water 12:399-408.
28. Groenendijk, P., L.V. Renaud, and J. Roelsma. 2005. Prediction of nitrogen and phosphorus leaching to groundwater and surface waters: Process descriptions of the ANIMO 4.0 model. Rep. 983. Alterra, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
29. Groenendijk, P., and G.A.P.H. van den Eertwegh. 2004. Drainage-water travel times as a key factor for surface water contamination. p. 145-178. In R.A. Feddes et al. (ed.) Unsaturated zone modeling. Progress, challenges and applications. Wageningen UR Frontis Ser. 6. Kluwer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
30. Hargreaves, G.L., and Z.A. Samani. 1985. Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Appl. Eng. Agric. 1:96-99.
31. Hendriks, R.F.A. 2004. An analytical equation for describing the shrinkage characteristics of peat soils. In J. Päivänen (ed.) Wise use of Peatlands. Proc. 12th Int. Peat Congress, Tampere, Finland.
32. Hendriks, R.F.A. 2006. EUROPEAT. Tools and scenarios for sustainable management of European peat soils to protect associated landscapes and natural areas in relation to agricultural production. Reference Manual SWAP 3.2.A. Description of the improved and extended model processes and the modified user manual of the modified SWAP model. EUROPEAT report, Annex M.1. Wageningen.
33. Hendriks, R.F.A., K. Oostindie, and P. Hamminga. 1999. Simulation of bromide tracer and nitrogen transport in a cracked clay soil with the FLOCR/ANIMO model combination. J. Hydrol. 215:94-115.
34. Hoogmoed, W.B., and J. Bouma. 1980. A simulation model for predicting infiltration into a cracked clay soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44:458-461.
35. Hupet, F., J.C. van Dam, and M. Vanclooster. 2004. Impact of within-field variability of soil hydraulic functions on transpiration and crop yields: A numerical study. Vadose Zone J. 3:1367-1379.
36. IWMI. 2007. Water for food, water for life: Comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. Earthscan, London.
37. Jensen, M.E., R.D. Burman, and R.G. Allen. 1990. Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements. ASCE Manuals and Reports on Eng. Practice 70. ASCE, New York.
38. Jhorar, R.K., J.C. van Dam, W.M.G. Bastiaanssen, and R.A. Feddes. 2004. Calibration of effective soil hydraulic parameters of heterogeneous soil profiles. J. Hydrol. 285:233-247.
39. Kim, D.J. 1992. Characterization of swelling and shrinkage behaviour, hydraulic properties and modelling of water movement in a physically ripening marine clay soil. Ph.D. diss. Catholic Univ. Leuven, Belgium.
40. Kovar, K., A. Leijnse, and J.B.S. Gan. 1992. Groundwater model for the Netherlands; mathematical mode development and user's guide. RIVM Rep. 7143050002. RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
41. Kovar, K., M.J.H. Pastoors, A. Tiktak, and F.W. van Gaalen. 1998. Application of the Netherlands Groundwater Model, LGM, for calculating concentration of nitrate and pesticides at abstraction wells in sandy soil areas of the Netherlands. RIVM Rep. 703717002. RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
42. Kramers, G., J.C. van Dam, C.J. Ritsema, F. Stagnitti, K. Oostindie, and L.W. Dekker. 2005. A new modeling approach to simulate preferential flow and transport in water repellent porous media: Parameter sensitivity, and effects on crop growth and solute leaching. Aust. J. Soil Res. 43:371-382.
43. Kroes, J.G., J. Beldman, H. te Beest, D. Boland, and T. Vellinga. 2002a. Confl icting interests in a Dutch agricultural dairy farming system. p. 41-48. In J.H.A.M. Steenvoorden et al. (ed.) Agricultural effects on ground and surface waters: Research at the edge of science and society. IAHS Publ. 273. IAHS, Wallingford, UK.
44. Kroes, J.G., P.J.T. van Bakel, J. Huygen, T. Kroon, H.Th.L. Massop, and R. Pastoors. 2002b. Regional validation of a nation wide application of a comprehensive 1D-hydrological model. In Proc. of the 5th Int. symposium on spatial accuracy assessment in natural resources and environmental sciences. Melbourne, Australia.
45. Kroes, J.G., and J.C. van Dam (ed.) 2003. Reference manual SWAP version 3.03. Alterra Rep. 773. Alterra, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
46. Kroon, T., P. Finke, I. Peereboom, and A. Beusen. 2001. Redesign STONE. The new schematisation for stone: The spatial schematisation and attribution of hydrological and soil chemical parameters. RIZA Rep. 2001.017. (In Dutch.) RIZA, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
47. Larsbo, M., and N.J. Jarvis. 2003. Macro 5.0. A model of water flow and solute transport in macroporous soil. Technical description. Emergo 2003. Vol. 6. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
48. Leistra, M., A.M.A. van der Linden, J.J.T.I. Boesten, A. Tiktak, and F. van den Berg. 2001. PEARL model for pesticide behaviour and emissions in soil-plant systems. Description of processes. Alterra Rep. 13. Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
49. Maas, E.V., and G.J. Hoffman. 1977. Crop salt tolerance-Current assessment. J. Irrig. Drain. Div. 103:115-134.
50. Makkink, G.F. 1957. Testing the Penman formule by means of lysimeters. J. Int. Water Eng. 11:277-288.
51. Massop, H.Th.L., J.W.J. van der Gaast, and H. Witteveen. 2002. Use of modelling for determining the effects of changes in the water management. p. 607-610. In K. Kovar and Z. Hrkal (ed.) ModelCare 2002. Proc. Fourth Int. Conf. on Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling, Prague, Czech Republic.
52. Monteith, J.L. 1965. Evaporation and the Environment. p. 205-234. In G.E. Fogg (ed.) The state and movement of water in living organisms. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
53. Parlange, J.Y. 1975. On solving the flow equation in unsaturated soils by optimization: Horizontal infiltration. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 39:415-418.
54. Penman, H.L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass. Proc. R. Soc. London 193:120-146 London.
55. Press, W.H., S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, and B.P. Flannery. 1992. Numerical recipes in Fortran 77: The art of scientific computing. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
56. Priestley, C.H.B., and R.J. Taylor. 1972. On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large scale parameters. Mon. Weather Rev. 100:81-92.
57. Raats, P.A.C. 1978. Convective transport of solutes by steady flows. II. Specific flow problems. Agric. Water Manage. 1:219-232.
58. Ritsema, C.J., J.C. van Dam, L.W. Dekker, and K. Oostindie. 2005. A new modeling approach to simulate preferential flow and transport in water repellent porous media: Model structure and validation. Aust. J. Soil Res. 43:361-369.
59. Šimůnek, J., M.Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna. 2005. The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the one-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media. Version 3.0, HYDRUS Software Series 1. Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California Riverside, Riverside.
60. Šimůnek, J., M.Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna. 2008. Development and applications of the HYDRUS and STANMOD software packages and related codes. Vadose Zone J. 7:587-600 (this issue).
61. Sarwar, A., W.M.G. Bastiaanssen, Th.M. Boers, and J.C. van Dam. 2000. Evaluating drainage design parameters for the fourth drainage project, Pakistan by using the SWAP model: Part 1. Calibration. Irrig. Drain. Syst. 14:257-280.
62. Sarwar, A., and R.A. Feddes. 2000. Evaluating drainage design parameters for the Fourth Drainage Project, Pakistan, by using the SWAP model. Irrig. Drain. Syst. 14:281-299.
63. Schaap, M.G., and M.Th. van Genuchten. 2006. A modified Mualem-van Genuchten formulation for improved description of the hydraulic conductivity near saturation. Vadose Zone J. 5:27-34.
64. Singh, R., R.K. Jhorar, J.C. van Dam, and R.A. Feddes. 2006a. Distributed ecohydrological modelling to evaluate the irrigation system performance in Sirsa district. II. Impact of alternative water management scenarios. J. Hydrol. 329:714-723.
65. Singh, R., J.G. Kroes, J.C. van Dam, and R.A. Feddes. 2006b. Distributed ecohydrological modelling to evaluate the irrigation system performance in Sirsa district. I. Current water management and its productivity. J. Hydrol. 329:692-713.
66. Singh, R., J.C. van Dam, and R.A. Feddes. 2006c. Water productivity analysis of irrigated crops in Sirsa district, India. Agric. Water Manage. 82:253-278.
67. Smets, S.M.P., M. Kuper, J.C. van Dam, and R.A. Feddes. 1997. Salinization and crop transpiration of irrigated fields in Pakistan's Punjab. Agric. Water Manage. 35:43-60.
68. Stoppelenburg, F.J., K. Kovar, M.J.H. Pastoors, and A. Tiktak. 2005. Modeling the interactions between transient saturated and unsaturated groundwater. Off-line coupling of LGM and SWAP. RIVM Rep. 500026001/2005. RIVM, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
69. Thiéry, D. 1993. Modélisation des aquiferes complexes-Prise en compte de la zone non saturée et de la salinité. Calcul des intervalles de confiance. (In French.) Rev. Hydrogéol. 4:325-336.
70. Tiktak, A., D.S. De Nie, A.M.A. van der Linden, and R. Kruijne. 2002. Modelling the leaching and drainage of pesticides in the Netherlands: The GeoPEARL model. Agronomie 22:373-387.
71. Tiktak, A., A.M.A. van der Linden, and G.J.M. Uffink. 2004. Pesticide transport in the groundwater at the national scale: Coupling an unsaturated model with a groundwater flow model. p. 111-117. In M. Vanclooster (ed.) Proceedings of COST 629 workshop on integrated methods for assessing water quality, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
72. Utset, A., F. Imma, A. Martinez-Cob, and J. Cavero. 2004. Comparing Penman-Monteith and Priestley-Taylor as reference evapotranspiration inputs for modeling maize water use under Mediterranean conditions. Agric. Water Manage. 66:205-219.
73. Vanclooster, M., P. Viaene, J. Diels, and K. Christiaens. 1996. WAVE: A mathematical model for simulating water and agrochemicals in the soil and vadose environment. Reference and user's manual. Release 2.1. Catholic Univ. Leuven, Belgium.
74. van Dam, J.C. 2000. Field scale water flow and solute transport. SWAP model concepts, parameter estimation and case studies. Ph.D. diss. Wageningen Univ. the Netherlands.
75. van Dam, J.C., and R.A. Feddes. 2000. Simulation of infiltration, evaporation and shallow groundwater levels with the Richards equation. J. Hydrol. 233:72-85.
76. van Dam, J.C., J. Huygen, J.G. Wesseling, R.A. Feddes, P. Kabat, P.E.V. van Walsum, P. Groenendijk, and C.A. van Diepen. 1997. Theory of SWAP version 2.0. Simulation of water flow, solute transport and plant growth in the Soil-Water-Air-Plant environment. Technical Doc. 45. Alterra, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
77. van Dam, J.C., R. Singh, J.J.E. Bessembinder, P.A. Leffelaar, W.G.M. Bastiaanssen, R.K. Jhorar, J.G. Kroes, and P. Droogers. 2006. Assessing options to increase water productivity in irrigated river basins using remote sensing and modeling tools. Water Res. Dev. 22:115-133.
78. Vanderborght, J., R. Kasteel, M. Herbst, M. Javaux, D. Thiery, M. Vanclooster, C. Mouvet, and H. Vereecken. 2005. A set of analytical benchmarks to test numerical models of flow and transport in soils. Vadose Zone J. 4:206-221.
79. van der Molen, W.H., and H.C. van Ommen. 1988. Transport of solutes in soils and aquifers. J. Hydrol. 100:433-451.
80. van der Tol, C. 2000. Soil evaporation and plant transpiration as simulated with the FAO-56 method and the agrohydrological model SWAP. M.Sc. thesis. Wageningen Univ., the Netherlands.
81. van Ittersum, M.K., P.A. Leffelaar, H. van Keulen, M.J. Kropff, L. Bastiaans, and J. Goudriaan. 2003. On approaches and applications of the Wageningen crop models. Eur. J. Agron. 18:201-234.
82. van Stiphout, T.P.J., H.A.J. van Lanen, O.H. Boersma, and J. Bouma. 1987. The effect of bypass flow and internal catchment of rain on the water regime in a clay loam grassland soil. J. Hydrol. 95:1-11.
83. van Walsum, P.E.V., and P. Groenendijk. 2008. Quasi steady-state simulation of the unsaturated zone in groundwater modeling of lowland regions. Vadose Zone J. 7:769-781 (this issue).
84. Vogel, T., M.Th. van Genuchten, and M. Cislerova. 2001. Effect of the shape of the soil hydraulic functions near saturation on variably-saturated flow predictions. Adv. Water Resour. 24:133-144.
85. von Hoyningen-Hüne, J. 1983. Die Interception des Niederschlags in landwirtschaftlichen Beständen. (In German.) Schriftenreihe des DVWK 57:1-53.
86. Wolf, J., A.H.W. Beusen, P. Groenendijk, T. Kroon, R. Rötter, and H. van Zeijts. 2003. The integrated modeling system STONE for calculating emissions from agriculture in the Netherlands. Environ. Model. Softw. 18:597-617.