Sodium bicarbonate improves swimming performance

International Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 519-523

  Lindh, A M ^a   Peyrebrune, M C ^b   Ingham, S A ^b   Bailey, D M ^b   Folland, Jonathan P ^a  

^a LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ENGLISH INSTITUTE OF SPORT   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alkalosis; Elite athletes; Swimming performance

Indexed keywords

BICARBONATE; LACTIC ACID; PLACEBO;

ALKALOSIS; ARTICLE; BICARBONATE BLOOD LEVEL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG CAPSULE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LACTATE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; PH; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; SUPPLEMENTATION; SWIMMING;

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EXERCISE TEST; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; HUMANS; MALE; SODIUM BICARBONATE; SWIMMING; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 44949219323     PISSN: 01724622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-989228     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Atkinson G. Analysis of repeated measurements in physical therapy research: multiple comparisons amongst level means and multi-factorial designs. Phys Ther Sport 2002; 3: 191-203
2. Bird SR, Wiles J, Robbins J. The effect of sodium biocarbonate on 1500 m racing time. J Sports Sci 1995; 13: 399-403
3. Bonifazi M, Martelli G, Marugo L, Sardella F, Carli G. Blood lactate accumulation in top level swimmers following competition. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1993; 33: 13-18
4. Cady EB, Jones DA, Lynn J, Newham DJ. Changes in force and intracellular metabolites during fatigue of human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 1989; 418: 311-325
5. Cairns SP. Lactic acid and exercise performance: culprit or friend? Sports Med 2006; 36: 279-291
6. Capelli C, Pendergast DR, Termin B. Energetics of swimming at maximal speeds in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 1998; 78: 385-393
7. Chase PB, Kushmerick M. Effects of pH on contraction of rabbit fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers. Biophys J 1988; 53: 935-946
8. Dascombe BJ, Reaburn pRJ, Sirotic AC, Coutts AJ. The reliability of the i-STAT clinical portable analyser. J Sci Med Sport 2007; 10: 135-140
9. Davison RC, Coleman D, Balmer J, Nunn M, Theakston S, Burrows, M Bird S. Assessment of blood lactate: practical evaluation of the Biosen 5030 lactate analyser. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 243-247
10. Galloway SDR, Maughan RJ. The effects of induced alkalosis on the metabolic response to prolonged exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 1996; 74: 384-389
11. Goo J, Costill DL, Horswill CA, Park SH. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion improves performance in interval swimming. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 58: 171-174
12. George KP, MacLaren DPM. The effect of induced alkalosis and acidosis on endurance running at an intensity corresponding to 4 mM blood lactate. Ergonomics 1988; 31: 1639-1645
13. Goldfinch J, McNaughton L, Davies P. Induced metabolic alkalosis and its effects on 400 m racing time. Eur J Appl Physiol 1988; 57: 45-48
14. Green HJ. Mechanisms of muscle fatigue in intense exercise. J Sports Sci 1997; 15: 247-256
15. Hirche H, Hombach V, Langohr HD, Wacker U, Busse J. Lactic acid permeation rate in working gastrocnemii of dogs during metabolic alkalosis and acidosis. Pfluegers Archiv: Eur J Physiol 1975; 356: 209-222
16. Hooper SL, Mackinnon LT, Howard A. Physiological and psychometric variables for monitoring recovery during tapering for major competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 1205-1210
17. Horswill CA, Costill DL, Fink WJ, Flynn MG, Kirwan JP, Mitchell JB, Houmard JA. Influence of sodium bicarbonate on sprint performance: relationship to dosage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1988; 2: 566-569
18. Jones NL, Sutton JR, Taylor R, Toews C. Effects of pH on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise. J Appl Physiol 1977; 43: 959-964
19. Kowalchuk JM, Heigenhauser GJ, Jones NL. Effect of pH on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during progressive exercise. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57: 1558-1563
20. Lambert CP, Greenhaff PL, Ball D, Maughan RJ. Influence of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on plasma ammonia accumulation during incremental exercise in man. Eur J Appl Physiol 1993; 66: 49-54
21. Linderman J, Fahey TD. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and exercise performance. Sports Med 1991; 11: 71-77
22. Mainwood GW, Worsley-Brown P. The effects of extracellular pH and buffer concentration on the efflux of lactate from the frog sartorius muscle. J Physiol 1975; 250: 1-22
23. Medbø JI, Burgers S. Effect of training on the anaerobic capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990; 22: 501-507
24. McNaughton L. Bicarbonate loading and its use in sports. Int Clin Nutr Rev 1992; 12: 65-67
25. McNaughton L. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and its effect on anaerobic exercise of various durations. J Sports Sci 1992; 10: 425-435
26. Nielsen HB, Bredmose PP, StrØmstad, Volianitis S, Quistorff B, Secher NH. Bicarbonate attenuates arterial desaturation during maximal exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 2002; 93: 724-731
27. Olesen HL, Raabo E, Bangsbo J, Secher NH. Maximal oxygen deficit of sprint and middle distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 1995; 69: 140-146
28. Pierce EF, Eastman NW, Hammer WH, Lynn TD. Effect of induced alkalosis on swimming time trials. J Sports Sci 1992; 10: 255-259
29. Raymer GH, Marsh GD, Kowalchuk JM, Thompson RT. Metabolic effects of induced alkalosis during progressive forearm exercise to fatigue. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96: 2050-2056
30. Simmons RWF, Hardt AB. The effect of alkali ingestion on the performance of trained swimmers. J Sports Med 1973; 13: 159-163
31. Stephens TJ, McKenna MJ, Canny BJ, Snow RJ, McConell. Effect of sodium bicarbonate on metabolism during intense endurance cycling. Med Sci Sport Exerc 2002; 34: 614-621
32. Sutton JR, Jones NL, Toews CJ. Effect of pH on muscle glycolysis during exercise. Clin Sci 1981; 61: 331-338
33. Swank A, Robertson RJ. Effect of induced alkalosis on perceptions of exertion during intermittent exercise. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67: 1862-1867
34. Wilkes D, Gledhill N, Smyth R. Effect of acute induced metabolic alkalosis on 800 m racing time. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1983; 15: 277-280