Ellipticity effects and the contributions of long orbits in nonsequential double ionization of atoms

Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Volumn 77, Issue 6, 2008, Pages

  Shvetsov Shilovski, N I ^a   Goreslavski, S P ^a   Popruzhenko, S V ^a,b   Becker, W ^c  

^a NATIONAL RESEARCH NUCLEAR UNIVERSITY MEPHI   (Russian Federation)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR KERNPHYSIK   (Germany)

^c MAX BORN INSTITUT   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC PHYSICS; ATOMS; CHARGED PARTICLES; EIGENVALUES AND EIGENFUNCTIONS; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; IONIZATION; IONIZATION OF GASES; LASER BEAMS; LASER PULSES; LASERS; MOMENTUM; ORBITS; PHASE SPACE METHODS; PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT; POLARIZATION; PULSED LASER APPLICATIONS; PULSED LASER DEPOSITION;

AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY (APS); ELECTRON MOMENTUM; ELECTRON MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; ELLIPTICALLY POLARIZED LASER FIELD; IONIZATION RATES; LASER FIELDS; LASER PULSE DURATIONS; LINEAR (LP) POLARIZATION; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; NONSEQUENTIAL DOUBLE IONIZATION (NSDI); PHASE SPACE VOLUMES; SEMICLASSICAL MODELS; SHORT PULSES; TRAVEL TIME;

ELECTRONS;

EID: 44949215649     PISSN: 10502947     EISSN: 10941622     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.063405     Document Type: Article

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45. To avoid confusion, we emphasize that our current nomenclature of "long orbits" deviates from that commonly used in the literature; cf., e.g., Refs.. Normally, the electron momentum at the detector is held fixed and the solutions of the saddle-point equations are (tk′, tk) (k=1,2,...), which can be ordered by their travel time τk tk′ - tk so that τk > τk-1. The solution (k=1) with the shortest travel time is called "the short orbit," the one with k=2 is called "the long orbit," and all others (k>3) are "longer orbits." In this paper, we keep the ionization time t constant and consider the various return times tn′ (t), which all require different initial velocities v0n (and lead to different final momenta). Depending on the value of t, there may be just one or several solutions tn′ [cf. Fig. 1]. We refer to the branch of solutions with the shortest travel times τ as the short orbits; viz., the solid line in Fig. 1. All others we refer to as longer orbits. Comparing nomenclatures, both the standard short orbit and long orbit of HHG just below the cutoff energy are short orbits in the sense of this paper, since they both lie on branch no. 1 in Fig. 1.
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