The mechanism of sex ratio adjustment in a pollinating fig wasp

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 275, Issue 1643, 2008, Pages 1603-1610

  Raja, Shazia ^a,c   Suleman, Nazia ^a,d   Compton, Stephen G ^a   Moore, Jamie C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Pakistan)

^d NUCLEAR INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY NIAB   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Cue use; Fig wasps; Local mate competition; Precision of adaptation; Sex ratio

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; CLUTCH SIZE; INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION; NATURAL SELECTION; POLLINATION; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGY; SEX RATIO; WASP;

ADAPTATION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CLUTCH SIZE; EGG LAYING; EVOLUTION; LIPORRHOPALUM TENTICULARIS; NATURAL SELECTION; NONHUMAN; POLLINATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEX RATIO; WASP;

AGAONIDAE; LIPORRHOPALUM TENTACULARIS;

EID: 44949171580     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0136     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Charnov, E. 1982 The theory of sex allocation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2. Crawley, M. J. 2002 Statistical computing: an introduction to data analysis using S-PLUS. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
3. Flanagan, K. E., West, S. A. & Godfray, H. C. J. 1998 Local mate competition, variable fecundity and information use in a parasitoid. Anim. Behav. 56, 191-198. (doi:10.1006/anbe.1998.0768)
4. Frank, S. A. 1985 Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. II. On applying the theory, and a test with fig wasps. Evolution 39, 949-964. (doi:10.2307/2408727)
5. Gibernau, M., Hossaert-McKey, M., Anstett, M.-C. & Kjellberg, F. 1996 Consequences of protecting flowers in a fig: a one-way trip for pollinators? J. Biogeog. 23, 425-432. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.1996.tb00004.x)
6. Greeff, J. M. & Compton, S. G. 1996 Sequential oviposition and optimal sex ratios in a pollinating fig wasp. Ecol. Ent. 21, 300-302.
7. Hamilton, W. D. 1967 Extraordinary sex ratios. Science 156, 477-488. (doi:10.1126/science.156.3774.477)
8. Hardy, I. C. W. 2002 Sex ratios: concepts and research methods. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
9. Hempel, G. E., Mangel, M. & Rosenheim, J. A. 1998 Effects of time limitation and egg limitation on the lifetime reproductive success of a parasitoid in the field. Am. Nat. 152, 273-289. (doi:10.1086/286167)
10. Herre, E. A. 1985 Sex ratio adjustment in fig wasps. Science 228, 896-898. (doi:10.1126/science.228.4701.896)
11. Herre, E. A. 1987 Optimality, plasticity and selective regime in fig wasp sex ratios. Nature 329, 627-629. (doi:10.1038/329627a0)
12. Herre, E. A., West, S. A., Cook, J. M., Compton, S. G. & Kjellberg, F. 1997 Fig wasp mating systems: pollinators and parasites, sex ratio adjustment and male polymorphism, population structure and its consequences. In Social competition and cooperation in insects and arachnids. Vol I: the evolution of mating systems (eds J. Choe & B. Crespi), pp. 226-239. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
13. Herre, E. A., Machado, C. A. & West, S. A. 2001 Selective regime and fig wasp sex ratios: toward sorting rigor from pseudo-rigor in tests of adaptation. In Adaptationism and optimality (eds S. H. Orzack & E. Sober), pp. 191-218. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
14. Insightful Corp. 2007 S-PLUS 7.0 Professional Release 1. Lucent Technologies.
15. Kathuria, P., Greeff, J. M., Compton, S. G. & Ganeshiah, K. N. 1999 What fig wasp sex ratios may or may not tell us about sex allocation strategies. Oikos 87, 520-530. (doi:10.2307/3546816)
16. Kinoshita, M., Kasuya, E. & Yahara, T. 1998 More highly female biased sex ratio in the fig wasp, Blastophaga nipponica Grandi (Agaonidae). Res. Pop. Ecol. 40, 239-242. (doi:10.1007/BF02763409)
17. Kinoshita, M., Kasuya, E. & Yahara, T. 2002 Effects of time-dependent competition for oviposition sites on clutch sizes and offspring sex ratios in a fig wasp. Oikos 96, 31-35. (doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960103. x)
18. Kjellberg, F., Bronstein, J. L., van Ginkel, G., Greeff, J. M., Moore, J. C., Bossu-Dupriez, N., Chevolot, M. & Michaloud, G. 2005 Clutch size: a major sex ratio determinant in fig pollinating wasps? C. R. Biol. 328, 471-476. (doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2004.11.005)
19. Minkenberg, O. P. J. M., Tatar, M. & Rosenheim, J. A. 1992 Egg load as a major source of variability in insect foraging and oviposition behaviour. Oikos 65, 134-142. (doi:10. 2307/3544896)
20. Molbo, D., Machado, C. A., Sevenster, J. G., Keller, L. & Herre, E. A. 2003 Cryptic species of fig-pollinating wasps: Implications for the evolution of the fig-wasp mutualism, sex allocation and precision of adaptation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 5867-5872. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0930903100)
21. Molbo, D., Machado, C. A., Herre, E. A. & Keller, L. 2004 Inbreeding and population structure in two pairs of cryptic fig wasp species. Mol. Ecol. 13, 1613-1623. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02158.x)
22. Moore J. C. 2001 The ecology and evolution of gynodioecious figs and their pollinators. PhD thesis, School of Biology, University of Leeds, UK.
23. Moore, J. C., Compton, S. G., Hatcher, M. J. & Dunn, A. M. 2002 Quantitative tests of sex ratio models in a pollinating fig wasp. Anim. Behav. 64, 23-32. (doi:10.1006/anbe.2002.3034)
24. Moore, J. C., Dunn, A. M., Compton, S. G. & Hatcher, M. J. 2003 Foundress re-emergence and fig permeability in fig tree-wasp mutualisms. J. Evol. Biol. 16, 1186-1195. (doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00623.x)
25. Moore, J. C., Zavodna, M., Compton, S. G. & Gilmartin, P. M. 2005 Sex ratio strategies and the evolution of cue use. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 1287-1294. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 2005.3078)
26. Orzack, S. H. 1990 The comparative biology of second sex ratio evolution within a natural population of a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. Genetics 124, 385-396.
27. Orzack, S. H., Parker Jr, E. D. & Gladstone, J. 1991 The comparative biology of genetic variation for conditional sex ratio behaviour in a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. Genetics 127, 583-599.
28. Shuker, D. M. & West, S. A. 2004 Information constraints and the precision of adaptation: sex ratio manipulation in wasps. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 10 363-10 367. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0308034101)
29. Stubblefield, J. W. & Seger, J. 1990 Local mate competition with variable fecundity: dependence of offspring sex ratios on information utilization and mode of male production. Behav. Ecol. 1, 68-80. (doi:10.1093/beheco/1.1.68)
30. Werren, J. H. 1987 Labile sex ratios in wasps and bees. Bioscience 37, 498-506. (doi:10.2307/1310422)
31. West, S. A. & Herre, E. A. 1998 Stabilizing selection and variance in fig wasp sex ratios. Evolution 52, 475-485. (doi:10.2307/2411083)
32. West, S. A. & Sheldon, B. C. 2002 Constraints in the evolution of sex ratio adjustment. Science 295, 1685-1688. (doi:10.1126/science. 1069043)
33. West, S. A., Herre, E. A. & Sheldon, B. C. 2000 The benefits of allocating sex. Science 290, 288-290. (doi:10.1126/science.290. 5490.288)
34. West, S. A., Reece, S. E. & Sheldon, B. C. 2002 Sex ratios. Heredity 88, 117-124. (doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800018)
35. West, S. A., Shuker, D. M. & Sheldon, B. C. 2005 Sex ratio adjustment when relatives interact: a test of constraints on adaptation. Evolution 51, 1211-1228.