Viral, bacterial and parasitic etiology of pediatric diarrhea in Gaza, Palestine

Medical Principles and Practice

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 296-301

  Abu Elamreen, Farid H ^a   Abed, Abdalla A ^b   Sharif, Fadel A ^b  

^a AlShifa Hospital   (Palestine)

^b ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF GAZA   (Palestine)

Author keywords

Campylobacter and parasites; Diarrhea; Enteropathogens; Gaza; Polymerase chain reaction; Rotavirus; Salmonella; Shigella

Indexed keywords

AMPICILLIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE;

ACUTE DIARRHEA; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ARTICLE; CAMPYLOBACTER COLI; CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENTAMOEBA DISPAR; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; ESCHERICHIA COLI; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; NONHUMAN; PALESTINE; PEDIATRICS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; ROTAVIRUS; SALMONELLA; SHIGELLA; STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS;

ACUTE DISEASE; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIARRHEA; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; ISRAEL; MALE; PARASITIC DISEASES; PILOT PROJECTS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIRUS DISEASES;

EID: 44849134228     PISSN: 10117571     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000129609     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL: The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull World Health Organ 2003;81:197-204.
2. Nelson EAS, Ko WK, Kwan E , Leung SF, Poon KH, Chow CB, Sin WK, Wong YK, Yeung CY: Guidelines for the management of acute diarrhoea in young children. HK J Paediatr 2003;8:203-236.
3. Awad R, Abu Arquob O: The Status of Health in Palestine, 2000. HMIS-MOH, 2001.
4. Armon K, Elliott E: Acute Gastroenteritis: Evidence Based Pediatrics and Child Health. London, BMJ Books, 2000, pp 273-286.
5. Abu Mourad TA: Palestinian refugee conditions associated with intestinal parasites and diarrhoea: Nuseirat refugee camp as a case study. Public Health 2004;118:131-142.
6. Sallon S, El-Shawwa R, Khalil M, Ginsburg G, El Tayib J, El-Eila J, Green V, Hart CA: Diarrhoeal disease in children in Gaza. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1994;88:175-182.
7. American Medical Association; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, et al: Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses: a primer for physicians. MMWR Recomm Rep 2001;50(RR-2):1-69.
8. Ministry of Health: Health Status in Palestine. Annual Report 2004, Gaza, Palestine, Health Information Center, 2005.
9. World Health Organization: Manual for the Laboratory Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Concern in the Developing World: Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Salmonella serotype Typhi, Shigella , and Vibrio cholerae. WHO/CDS/CSR/RMD/2003.6. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/ publications/drugresist/WHO_CDS_CSR_RMD_2003_6/en/ (accessed February 2007).
10. Vandepitte J, Verhaegen J, Engbaek K, Rohner P, Piot P, Heuck CC: Basic Laboratory Procedures in Clinical Microbiology, ed 2. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003.
11. Islam M, Hossain M, Hasan M, Rahman MM, Fuchs G, Mahalanabis D, Baqui AH, Albert MJ: Detection of Shigellae from stools of dysentery patients by culture and polymerase chain reaction techniques. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1998;16:248-251.
12. Ziemer CJ, Steadham SR: Evaluation of the specificity of Salmonella PCR primers using various intestinal bacterial species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003;37:463-469.
13. Cebula TA, Payne WL, Feng P: Simultaneous identification of strains of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 and their Shiga-like toxin type by mismatch amplification mutation assay-multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:248-250.
14. Linton P, Lawson AJ, Owen RJ, Stanley J: PCR detection and identification to species level and fingerprinting of C. jejuni and C. coli direct from diarrheic samples. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:2568-2572.
15. Battikhi MN: Bloody diarrhoea cases caused by Shigella and amoeba in Jordan. New Microbiol 2004;27:37-47.
16. Pazzaglia G, Bourgeois AL, Araby I, Mikhail I, Podgore JK, Mourad A, Riad S, Gaffar T, Ramadan AM: Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea in Egyptian infants: epidemiology and clinical manifestations of disease and high frequency of concomitant infections. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1993;11:6-13.
17. Glass RI, Parashar UD, Bresee JS, Turcios R, Fischer TK, Widdowson MA, Jiang B, Gentsch JR: Rotavirus vaccines: current prospects and future challenges (review). Lancet 2006;368:323-332.
18. O'Ryan M, Matson DO: New rotavirus vaccines: renewed optimism. J Pediatr 2006;149:448-451.
19. Shubair ME, Yassin MM, al-Hindi A, al-Wahaidi AA, Jadallah SY, Abu Shaaban N al-D: Intestinal parasites in relation to haemoglobin level and nutritional status of school children in Gaza. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2000;30:365-375.
20. AL-Zain B, Al-Hindi A: Distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in household in Beit-lahia city, Gaza Strip, Palestine. Ann Alquds Med 2005;1:48-52.
21. Tjaniadi P, Lesmana M, Subekti D, Machpud N, Komalarini S, Santoso W, Simanjuntak CH, Punjabi N, Campbell JR, Alexander WK, Beecham HJ 3rd, Corwin AL, Oyofo B: Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheal patients in Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003;68:666-670.
22. Wasfy MO, Oyofo BA, David JC, Ismail TF, El-Gendy AM, Mohran ZS, Sultan Y, Peruski LF Jr: Isolation and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter from acute enteric infections in Egypt. J Health Popul Nutr 2000;18:33-38.
23. Riley LW, Remis RS, Helgerson SD, McGee HB, Wells JG, Davis BR, et al: Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. N Engl J 1983;308:681-685.
24. Sharif F, Arafa H: Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 in Gaza Strip: a preliminary study. J Islamic Univ Gaza (Nat Sci Ser) 2004;12:51-56.
25. Hunt JM, Abeyta C, Tran T: Bacteriological Analytical Manual, ed 8, revision A. Washington, United States, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, 1998, chap 7. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~ebam/bam-7.html
26. Materu SF, Lema OE, Mukunza HM, Adhiambo CG, Carter JY: Antibiotic resistance patterns of Vibrio cholerae and Shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern African region. East Afr Med J 1997;74:193-197.
27. Nguyen TV: Children's Diarrhea in Hanoi, Vietnam: Importance of Enteric Pathogens. Stockholm, Karolinska University Press, 2005.
28. Subekti D, Oyofo BA, Tjaniadi P, Corwin AL, Larasati W, Putri M, Simanjuntak CH, Punjabi NH, Taslim J, Setiawan B, Djelantik AAG, Sriwati L, Sumardiati A, Putra E, Campbell JR, Lesmana M: Surveillance of Shigella spp. in Indonesia: the emergence or re-emergence of S. dysenteriae . Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:137-140.
29. Ashkenazi S, May-Zahav M, Sulkes J, Zilberberg R, Samra Z: Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period 1984-1992. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:819-823.
30. Chu YW, Houang ET, Lyon DJ, Ling JM, Ng TK, Cheng AF: Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in Hong Kong, 1986 to 1995. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998;42:440-443.