메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 148-163

Chaînes opératoires and resource-exploitation strategies in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) nut cracking

Author keywords

Chimpanzee archaeology; Technology; Tool making; Tool use

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGY; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; EXPLOITATION; MATERIAL CULTURE; PRIMATE; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; TOOL USE;

EID: 44749089713     PISSN: 00472484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (144)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 84977473372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Almeida, F., 2000. The terminal Gravettian of Portuguese estremadura: technological variability of the lithic industries. Ph.D. Dissertation, Southern Methodist University, Texas.
    • Almeida, F., 2000. The terminal Gravettian of Portuguese estremadura: technological variability of the lithic industries. Ph.D. Dissertation, Southern Methodist University, Texas.
  • 2
    • 0000797742 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees of Sapo Forest, Liberia: Density, nests, tools and meat-eating
    • Anderson J.R., Williamson E.A., and Carter J. Chimpanzees of Sapo Forest, Liberia: Density, nests, tools and meat-eating. Primates 4 (1983) 594-601
    • (1983) Primates , vol.4 , pp. 594-601
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Williamson, E.A.2    Carter, J.3
  • 3
    • 0035852763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of termite foraging by Swartkrans early hominids
    • Backwell L.R., and d`Errico F. Evidence of termite foraging by Swartkrans early hominids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (2001) 1358-1363
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.98 , pp. 1358-1363
    • Backwell, L.R.1    d'Errico, F.2
  • 5
    • 0010719765 scopus 로고
    • A note on the behaviour of the chimpanzee
    • Beatty H. A note on the behaviour of the chimpanzee. J. Mammal. 32 (1951) 118
    • (1951) J. Mammal. , vol.32 , pp. 118
    • Beatty, H.1
  • 6
    • 85034904076 scopus 로고
    • Willow smoke and dog's tails: Hunther-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation
    • Binford L.R. Willow smoke and dog's tails: Hunther-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation. Am. Antiq. 45 (1980) 4-20
    • (1980) Am. Antiq. , vol.45 , pp. 4-20
    • Binford, L.R.1
  • 7
    • 1442353009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural innovation and transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees: Evidence from fields experiments
    • Biro D., Inoue-Nakamura N., Tonooka R., Yamakoshi G., Sousa C., and Matsuzawa T. Cultural innovation and transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees: Evidence from fields experiments. Anim. Cog. 6 (2003) 213-223
    • (2003) Anim. Cog. , vol.6 , pp. 213-223
    • Biro, D.1    Inoue-Nakamura, N.2    Tonooka, R.3    Yamakoshi, G.4    Sousa, C.5    Matsuzawa, T.6
  • 8
    • 84920067636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny and cultural propagation of tool use by wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: Case studies in nut-cracking and leaf folding
    • Matsuzawa T., Tomonaga M., and Tanaka M. (Eds), Springer, Tokyo
    • Biro D., Sousa C., and Matsuzawa T. Ontogeny and cultural propagation of tool use by wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea: Case studies in nut-cracking and leaf folding. In: Matsuzawa T., Tomonaga M., and Tanaka M. (Eds). Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees (2006), Springer, Tokyo 476-508
    • (2006) Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees , pp. 476-508
    • Biro, D.1    Sousa, C.2    Matsuzawa, T.3
  • 9
    • 0002581902 scopus 로고
    • Identification de chaînes opératoires lithiques du paléolithique ancient et moyen
    • Boëda E., Geneste J.-M., and Meignen L. Identification de chaînes opératoires lithiques du paléolithique ancient et moyen. Paleo 2 (1990) 43-80
    • (1990) Paleo , vol.2 , pp. 43-80
    • Boëda, E.1    Geneste, J.-M.2    Meignen, L.3
  • 10
    • 0001392554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emergence of cultures among wild chimpanzees
    • Runciman W.G., Maynard-Smith J., and Dunbar R.L.M. (Eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Boesch C. The emergence of cultures among wild chimpanzees. In: Runciman W.G., Maynard-Smith J., and Dunbar R.L.M. (Eds). Evolution of Social Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man (1996), Oxford University Press, New York 251-268
    • (1996) Evolution of Social Behaviour Patterns in Primates and Man , pp. 251-268
    • Boesch, C.1
  • 11
    • 0020898227 scopus 로고
    • Optimisation of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees
    • Boesch C., and Boesch H. Optimisation of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Behaviour 83 (1982) 265-286
    • (1982) Behaviour , vol.83 , pp. 265-286
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 12
    • 34250140262 scopus 로고
    • Mental map in wild chimpanzees: an analysis of hammer transports for nut cracking
    • Boesch C., and Boesch H. Mental map in wild chimpanzees: an analysis of hammer transports for nut cracking. Primates 25 (1984) 160-170
    • (1984) Primates , vol.25 , pp. 160-170
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 13
    • 0040027827 scopus 로고
    • Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees
    • Boesch C., and Boesch H. Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatol. 54 (1990) 86-99
    • (1990) Folia Primatol. , vol.54 , pp. 86-99
    • Boesch, C.1    Boesch, H.2
  • 17
    • 0030299539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Machiavellian intelligence
    • Byrne R.W. Machiavellian intelligence. Evol. Anthropol. 5 (1996) 172-180
    • (1996) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.5 , pp. 172-180
    • Byrne, R.W.1
  • 18
    • 34447318084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture in great apes: Using intricate complexity in feeding skills to trace the evolutionary origin of human technological process
    • Byrne R.W. Culture in great apes: Using intricate complexity in feeding skills to trace the evolutionary origin of human technological process. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 362B (2007) 577-585
    • (2007) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. , vol.362 B , pp. 577-585
    • Byrne, R.W.1
  • 19
    • 84996050772 scopus 로고
    • Complex leaf-gathering skills of mountain gorillas (Gorilla g. beringei): Variability and standardization
    • Byrne R.W., and Byrne J.M.E. Complex leaf-gathering skills of mountain gorillas (Gorilla g. beringei): Variability and standardization. Am. J. Primatol. 31 (1993) 241-261
    • (1993) Am. J. Primatol. , vol.31 , pp. 241-261
    • Byrne, R.W.1    Byrne, J.M.E.2
  • 20
    • 44749091109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Great ape habitats: Tropical moist forests of the old world
    • Caldecott J., and Miles L. (Eds), University of California Press, California
    • Caldecott J., and Kapos V. Great ape habitats: Tropical moist forests of the old world. In: Caldecott J., and Miles L. (Eds). World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation (2005), University of California Press, California
    • (2005) World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation
    • Caldecott, J.1    Kapos, V.2
  • 22
    • 29244436385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stone tools and the uniqueness of human culture
    • Davidson I., and McGrew W.C. Stone tools and the uniqueness of human culture. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 11 (2005) 793-817
    • (2005) J. R. Anthropol. Inst. , vol.11 , pp. 793-817
    • Davidson, I.1    McGrew, W.C.2
  • 23
    • 0034972532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone tool use in termite foraging by early hominids and its impact on our understanding of early hominid behaviour
    • d'Errico F., Backwell L.R., and Berger L.R. Bone tool use in termite foraging by early hominids and its impact on our understanding of early hominid behaviour. S. Afr. J. Sci. 97 (2001) 71-75
    • (2001) S. Afr. J. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 71-75
    • d'Errico, F.1    Backwell, L.R.2    Berger, L.R.3
  • 24
    • 0345804803 scopus 로고
    • Nut-cracking behaviour of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Bossou, Guinea (West Africa)
    • Ehara A., Kimura T., Takenaka O., and Iwamoto M. (Eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Fushimi T., Sakura O., Matsuzawa T., Ohno H., and Sugiyama Y. Nut-cracking behaviour of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Bossou, Guinea (West Africa). In: Ehara A., Kimura T., Takenaka O., and Iwamoto M. (Eds). Primatology Today (1991), Elsevier, Amsterdam 695-696
    • (1991) Primatology Today , pp. 695-696
    • Fushimi, T.1    Sakura, O.2    Matsuzawa, T.3    Ohno, H.4    Sugiyama, Y.5
  • 25
    • 33845719458 scopus 로고
    • Tool-using and aimed throwing in a community of free-living chimpanzees
    • Goodall J. Tool-using and aimed throwing in a community of free-living chimpanzees. Nature 201 (1964) 1264-1266
    • (1964) Nature , vol.201 , pp. 1264-1266
    • Goodall, J.1
  • 27
    • 0002889807 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees using stones to crack open oil palm nuts in Liberia
    • Hannah A., and McGrew W.C. Chimpanzees using stones to crack open oil palm nuts in Liberia. Primates 28 (1987) 31-46
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 31-46
    • Hannah, A.1    McGrew, W.C.2
  • 28
    • 33845655993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Archaeological analysis does not support intentionality in the production of brushed ends on chimpanzee termiting tools
    • Heaton J.L., and Pickering T.R. Archaeological analysis does not support intentionality in the production of brushed ends on chimpanzee termiting tools. Int. J. Primatol. 27 (2006) 1619-1633
    • (2006) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.27 , pp. 1619-1633
    • Heaton, J.L.1    Pickering, T.R.2
  • 29
    • 0034909858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Cote d`Ivoire, West Africa: A preliminary report
    • Humle T., and Matsuzawa T. Behavioural diversity among the wild chimpanzee populations of Bossou and neighbouring areas, Guinea and Cote d`Ivoire, West Africa: A preliminary report. Folia Primatol. 72 (2001) 57-68
    • (2001) Folia Primatol. , vol.72 , pp. 57-68
    • Humle, T.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 30
    • 3442888062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oil palm use by adjacent communities of chimpanzees at Bossou and Nimba mountains, West Africa
    • Humle T., and Matsuzawa T. Oil palm use by adjacent communities of chimpanzees at Bossou and Nimba mountains, West Africa. Int. J. Primatol. 25 (2004) 551-581
    • (2004) Int. J. Primatol. , vol.25 , pp. 551-581
    • Humle, T.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 31
    • 0031156994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of stone tool use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Inoue-Nakamura N., and Matsuzawa T. Development of stone tool use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J. Comp. Psychol. 111 (1997) 159-173
    • (1997) J. Comp. Psychol. , vol.111 , pp. 159-173
    • Inoue-Nakamura, N.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 33
    • 0001377290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing chimpanzee and early hominid techniques: Some contributions to cultural and cognitive questions
    • Mellars P., and Gibson K. (Eds), McDonald Institute Monographs, Cambridge
    • Joulian F. Comparing chimpanzee and early hominid techniques: Some contributions to cultural and cognitive questions. In: Mellars P., and Gibson K. (Eds). Modelling the Early Human Mind (1996), McDonald Institute Monographs, Cambridge 173-189
    • (1996) Modelling the Early Human Mind , pp. 173-189
    • Joulian, F.1
  • 34
    • 44749085178 scopus 로고
    • Outil
    • Leroi-Gourhan A. (Ed), Quadrige, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris
    • Karlin C., and Pelegrin J. Outil. In: Leroi-Gourhan A. (Ed). Dictionnaire de la Préhistoire (1988), Quadrige, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris 823
    • (1988) Dictionnaire de la Préhistoire , pp. 823
    • Karlin, C.1    Pelegrin, J.2
  • 35
  • 36
    • 0033369278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tool-using strategies by early hominids at Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
    • Kimura Y. Tool-using strategies by early hominids at Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. J. Hum. Evol. 37 (1999) 807-831
    • (1999) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.37 , pp. 807-831
    • Kimura, Y.1
  • 38
    • 0002400668 scopus 로고
    • The use of stone tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids
    • Kortlandt A. The use of stone tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids. J. Hum. Evol. 15 (1986) 77-132
    • (1986) J. Hum. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 77-132
    • Kortlandt, A.1
  • 39
    • 0000214873 scopus 로고
    • New data on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in Guinea and Liberia
    • Kortlandt A., and Holzhaus E. New data on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in Guinea and Liberia. Primates 28 (1987) 473-496
    • (1987) Primates , vol.28 , pp. 473-496
    • Kortlandt, A.1    Holzhaus, E.2
  • 40
    • 0040208897 scopus 로고
    • L'etude des systèmes techniques: Une urgence en technologie culturelle
    • Lemonnier P. L'etude des systèmes techniques: Une urgence en technologie culturelle. Techniques et Culture 1 (1983) 11-34
    • (1983) Techniques et Culture , vol.1 , pp. 11-34
    • Lemonnier, P.1
  • 44
    • 84977587364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lucas, G., 2000. Les industries lithiques du Flageolet I (Dordogne): approche économique, technologique, fonctionelle et analyse spatiale. Ph.D. Dissertation, L`Université Bordeaux I.
    • Lucas, G., 2000. Les industries lithiques du Flageolet I (Dordogne): approche économique, technologique, fonctionelle et analyse spatiale. Ph.D. Dissertation, L`Université Bordeaux I.
  • 45
    • 33845612305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percussive technology: Chimpanzee baobab smashing and the evolutionary modelling of hominin knapping
    • Roux V., and Bril B. (Eds), McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge
    • Marchant L.F., and McGrew W.C. Percussive technology: Chimpanzee baobab smashing and the evolutionary modelling of hominin knapping. In: Roux V., and Bril B. (Eds). Stone Knapping: The Necessary Conditions for a Uniquely Hominin Behaviour (2005), McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge 341-350
    • (2005) Stone Knapping: The Necessary Conditions for a Uniquely Hominin Behaviour , pp. 341-350
    • Marchant, L.F.1    McGrew, W.C.2
  • 46
    • 0002446270 scopus 로고
    • Field experiments on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in the wild
    • Wrangham R.W., McGrew W.C., de Waal F.B.M., and Heltne P.G. (Eds), Harvard University Press, Cambridge
    • Matsuzawa T. Field experiments on the use of stone tools by chimpanzees in the wild. In: Wrangham R.W., McGrew W.C., de Waal F.B.M., and Heltne P.G. (Eds). Chimpanzee Cultures (1994), Harvard University Press, Cambridge 351-370
    • (1994) Chimpanzee Cultures , pp. 351-370
    • Matsuzawa, T.1
  • 47
    • 0003117347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzee intelligence in nature and in captivity: Isomorphism of symbol use and tool use
    • McGrew W.C., Marchant L.F., and Nishida T. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Matsuzawa T. Chimpanzee intelligence in nature and in captivity: Isomorphism of symbol use and tool use. In: McGrew W.C., Marchant L.F., and Nishida T. (Eds). Great Ape Societies (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 196-209
    • (1996) Great Ape Societies , pp. 196-209
    • Matsuzawa, T.1
  • 48
    • 0004388392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication and tool use in chimpanzees: Cultural and social contexts
    • Hauser M., and Konishi M. (Eds), MIT Press, Cambridge
    • Matsuzawa T. Communication and tool use in chimpanzees: Cultural and social contexts. In: Hauser M., and Konishi M. (Eds). The Design of Animal Communication (1999), MIT Press, Cambridge 645-671
    • (1999) The Design of Animal Communication , pp. 645-671
    • Matsuzawa, T.1
  • 49
    • 0030456597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of chimpanzee material culture between Bossou and Nimba, West Africa
    • Russon A.E., Bard K.A., and Parker S. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Matsuzawa T., and Yamakoshi G. Comparison of chimpanzee material culture between Bossou and Nimba, West Africa. In: Russon A.E., Bard K.A., and Parker S. (Eds). Reaching into Thought: The Mind of the Great Apes (1996), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 211-232
    • (1996) Reaching into Thought: The Mind of the Great Apes , pp. 211-232
    • Matsuzawa, T.1    Yamakoshi, G.2
  • 55
    • 0037165999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excavation of a chimpanzee stone tool site in the African rainforest
    • Mercader J., Panger M., and Boesh C. Excavation of a chimpanzee stone tool site in the African rainforest. Science 296 (2002) 1452-1455
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , pp. 1452-1455
    • Mercader, J.1    Panger, M.2    Boesh, C.3
  • 57
    • 33747192374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees use stone hammers in Cameroon
    • Morgan B., and Abwe E. Chimpanzees use stone hammers in Cameroon. Curr. Biol. 16 (2006) 632-633
    • (2006) Curr. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 632-633
    • Morgan, B.1    Abwe, E.2
  • 58
    • 0002408754 scopus 로고
    • Local traditions and cultural transmission
    • Smuts B., Cheney D., Seyfarth R., Wrangham R., and Struhsaker T. (Eds), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Nishida T. Local traditions and cultural transmission. In: Smuts B., Cheney D., Seyfarth R., Wrangham R., and Struhsaker T. (Eds). Primate Societies (1987), The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 462-474
    • (1987) Primate Societies , pp. 462-474
    • Nishida, T.1
  • 59
    • 44749093847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural repertoire of tool use in the wild chimpanzees at Bossou
    • Matsuzawa T., Tomonaga M., and Tanaka M. (Eds), Springer, Tokyo
    • Ohashi G. Behavioural repertoire of tool use in the wild chimpanzees at Bossou. In: Matsuzawa T., Tomonaga M., and Tanaka M. (Eds). Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees (2006), Springer, Tokyo 439-451
    • (2006) Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees , pp. 439-451
    • Ohashi, G.1
  • 61
    • 4243495961 scopus 로고
    • Chaînes opératoires: Un outil pour le préhistorien
    • Tixier J. (Ed), C.N.R.S., Paris
    • Pelegrin J., Karlin C., and Bodu P. Chaînes opératoires: Un outil pour le préhistorien. In: Tixier J. (Ed). Technologie Préhistorique (1988), C.N.R.S., Paris
    • (1988) Technologie Préhistorique
    • Pelegrin, J.1    Karlin, C.2    Bodu, P.3
  • 62
    • 0006889838 scopus 로고
    • In search of lithic strategies a cognitive approach to prehistoric chipped stone assemblages
    • Gardin J., and Peebles C.S. (Eds), Indiana University Press, Bloomington
    • Perlès C. In search of lithic strategies a cognitive approach to prehistoric chipped stone assemblages. In: Gardin J., and Peebles C.S. (Eds). Presentations in Archaeology (1992), Indiana University Press, Bloomington 223-247
    • (1992) Presentations in Archaeology , pp. 223-247
    • Perlès, C.1
  • 63
    • 84990807977 scopus 로고
    • Flexibility of wild chimpanzee nut-cracking behavior using stone hammers and anvils: an experimental analysis
    • Sakura O., and Matsuzawa T. Flexibility of wild chimpanzee nut-cracking behavior using stone hammers and anvils: an experimental analysis. Ethology 87 (1991) 237-248
    • (1991) Ethology , vol.87 , pp. 237-248
    • Sakura, O.1    Matsuzawa, T.2
  • 64
    • 84976833402 scopus 로고
    • Chaîne opératoire: the concept and its applications
    • Sellet F. Chaîne opératoire: the concept and its applications. Lithic Technol. 18 (1993) 106-112
    • (1993) Lithic Technol. , vol.18 , pp. 106-112
    • Sellet, F.1
  • 68
    • 0001917375 scopus 로고
    • Was there no place like home? A new perspective on early hominid archeological sites from the mapping of chimpanzees nests
    • Sept J.M. Was there no place like home? A new perspective on early hominid archeological sites from the mapping of chimpanzees nests. Curr. Anthropol. 33 (1992) 187-207
    • (1992) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.33 , pp. 187-207
    • Sept, J.M.1
  • 69
    • 0033404929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing investigations into the stone tool-making and tool-using capabilities of a bonobo (Pan paniscus)
    • Schick K.D., Toth N., Garufi G., Savage-Rumbaugh E.S., Rumbaugh D., and Sevcik R. Continuing investigations into the stone tool-making and tool-using capabilities of a bonobo (Pan paniscus). J. Archaeol. Sci. 26 (1999) 821-832
    • (1999) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.26 , pp. 821-832
    • Schick, K.D.1    Toth, N.2    Garufi, G.3    Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S.4    Rumbaugh, D.5    Sevcik, R.6
  • 70
    • 0002054501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive capacities for behavioural flexibility in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): the effect of snare injury on complex manual food processing
    • Stokes E.J., and Byrne R.W. Cognitive capacities for behavioural flexibility in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): the effect of snare injury on complex manual food processing. Anim. Cog. 4 (2001) 11-28
    • (2001) Anim. Cog. , vol.4 , pp. 11-28
    • Stokes, E.J.1    Byrne, R.W.2
  • 71
    • 34250239180 scopus 로고
    • Observation on the populations dynamics and behaviour of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, 1979-1980
    • Sugiyama Y. Observation on the populations dynamics and behaviour of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, 1979-1980. Primates 22 (1981) 435-444
    • (1981) Primates , vol.22 , pp. 435-444
    • Sugiyama, Y.1
  • 72
    • 0028157923 scopus 로고
    • Tool-use by wild chimpanzees
    • Sugiyama Y. Tool-use by wild chimpanzees. Nature 367 (1994) 327
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 327
    • Sugiyama, Y.1
  • 73
    • 0031461155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social tradition and the use of tool composites by wild chimpanzees
    • Sugiyama Y. Social tradition and the use of tool composites by wild chimpanzees. Evol. Anthropol. 6 (1997) 23-27
    • (1997) Evol. Anthropol. , vol.6 , pp. 23-27
    • Sugiyama, Y.1
  • 74
    • 0000303178 scopus 로고
    • Tool using and making behaviour in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea
    • Sugiyama Y., and Koman J. Tool using and making behaviour in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Primates 20 (1979) 323-339
    • (1979) Primates , vol.20 , pp. 323-339
    • Sugiyama, Y.1    Koman, J.2
  • 76
    • 0022181092 scopus 로고
    • The Oldowan reassessed: a closer look at early stone artifacts
    • Toth N. The Oldowan reassessed: a closer look at early stone artifacts. J. Archaeol. Sci. 12 (1985) 101-120
    • (1985) J. Archaeol. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 101-120
    • Toth, N.1
  • 77
    • 0003157017 scopus 로고
    • Early stone industries and inferences regarding language and cognition
    • Gibson K.R., and Ingold T. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Toth N., and Schick K. Early stone industries and inferences regarding language and cognition. In: Gibson K.R., and Ingold T. (Eds). Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution (1993), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 346-362
    • (1993) Tools, Language and Cognition in Human Evolution , pp. 346-362
    • Toth, N.1    Schick, K.2
  • 79
    • 0347237992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultures of chimpanzees
    • Whiten A., and Boesch C. The cultures of chimpanzees. Sci. Am. 284 (2001) 60-67
    • (2001) Sci. Am. , vol.284 , pp. 60-67
    • Whiten, A.1    Boesch, C.2
  • 81
    • 0010681421 scopus 로고
    • Nut-cracking by wild chimpanzees in Sierra Leone, West Africa
    • Whitesides G.H. Nut-cracking by wild chimpanzees in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Primates 26 (1985) 91-94
    • (1985) Primates , vol.26 , pp. 91-94
    • Whitesides, G.H.1
  • 82
    • 0000293689 scopus 로고
    • An ape′s view of the Oldowan
    • Wynn T., and McGrew W.C. An ape′s view of the Oldowan. Man 24 (1989) 383-398
    • (1989) Man , vol.24 , pp. 383-398
    • Wynn, T.1    McGrew, W.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.