메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 137, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 218-228

C-fiber spontaneous discharge evoked by chronic inflammation is suppressed by a long-term infusion of lidocaine yielding nanogram per milliliter plasma levels

Author keywords

Allodynia; Hyperalgesia; Inflammatory pain; Lidocaine; Muscle

Indexed keywords

FREUND ADJUVANT; LIDOCAINE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

EID: 44749088870     PISSN: 03043959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.018     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0028157262 scopus 로고
    • Systemic lidocaine blocks nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia and nociceptor-driven spinal sensitization in the rat
    • Abram S.E., and Yaksh T.L. Systemic lidocaine blocks nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia and nociceptor-driven spinal sensitization in the rat. Anesthesiology 80 (1994) 383-391
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 383-391
    • Abram, S.E.1    Yaksh, T.L.2
  • 2
    • 33646071787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of sodium channels in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain
    • Amir R., Argoff C.E., Bennett G.J., Cummins T.R., Durieux M.E., Gerner P., et al. The role of sodium channels in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. J Pain 7 Suppl. 3 (2006) S1-S29
    • (2006) J Pain , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Amir, R.1    Argoff, C.E.2    Bennett, G.J.3    Cummins, T.R.4    Durieux, M.E.5    Gerner, P.6
  • 3
    • 0038243652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple phases of relief from experimental mechanical allodynia by systemic lidocaine: responses to early and late infusions
    • Araujo M.C., Sinnott C.J., and Strichartz G.R. Multiple phases of relief from experimental mechanical allodynia by systemic lidocaine: responses to early and late infusions. Pain 103 (2003) 21-29
    • (2003) Pain , vol.103 , pp. 21-29
    • Araujo, M.C.1    Sinnott, C.J.2    Strichartz, G.R.3
  • 4
    • 13144282687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the lidocaine patch 5% on pain qualities in three chronic pain states: assessment with the neuropathic pain scale
    • Argoff C.E., Galer B.S., Jensen M.P., Oleka N., and Gammaitoni A.R. Effectiveness of the lidocaine patch 5% on pain qualities in three chronic pain states: assessment with the neuropathic pain scale. Curr Med Res Opin 20 Suppl. 2 (2004) S21-S28
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Argoff, C.E.1    Galer, B.S.2    Jensen, M.P.3    Oleka, N.4    Gammaitoni, A.R.5
  • 6
    • 0023821537 scopus 로고
    • Effects of a carrageenan-induced myositis on the discharge properties of group III and IV muscle receptors in the cat
    • Berberich P., Hoheisel U., and Mense S. Effects of a carrageenan-induced myositis on the discharge properties of group III and IV muscle receptors in the cat. J Neurophysiol 59 (1988) 1395-1409
    • (1988) J Neurophysiol , vol.59 , pp. 1395-1409
    • Berberich, P.1    Hoheisel, U.2    Mense, S.3
  • 7
    • 1542498432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the expression of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels within dorsal root ganglia neurons in inflammatory pain
    • Black J.A., Liu S., Tanaka M., Cummins T.R., and Waxman S.G. Changes in the expression of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels within dorsal root ganglia neurons in inflammatory pain. Pain 108 (2004) 237-247
    • (2004) Pain , vol.108 , pp. 237-247
    • Black, J.A.1    Liu, S.2    Tanaka, M.3    Cummins, T.R.4    Waxman, S.G.5
  • 8
  • 9
    • 1342283257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine patch 5% improves pain, stiffness, and physical function in osteoarthritis pain patients. A prospective, multicenter, open-label effectiveness trial
    • Burch F., Codding C., Patel N., and Sheldon E. Lidocaine patch 5% improves pain, stiffness, and physical function in osteoarthritis pain patients. A prospective, multicenter, open-label effectiveness trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 12 (2004) 253-255
    • (2004) Osteoarthritis Cartilage , vol.12 , pp. 253-255
    • Burch, F.1    Codding, C.2    Patel, N.3    Sheldon, E.4
  • 10
    • 0022384116 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of postoperative pain by continuous low-dose intravenous infusion of lidocaine
    • Cassuto J., Wallin G., Hogstrom S., Faxen A., and Rimback G. Inhibition of postoperative pain by continuous low-dose intravenous infusion of lidocaine. Anesth Analg 64 (1985) 971-974
    • (1985) Anesth Analg , vol.64 , pp. 971-974
    • Cassuto, J.1    Wallin, G.2    Hogstrom, S.3    Faxen, A.4    Rimback, G.5
  • 11
    • 0024461011 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intravenous lidocaine, tocainde, and mexiletine on spontaneously active fibers originating in rat sciatic neuroma
    • Chabal C., Russel L.C., and Burchiel K.J. The effect of intravenous lidocaine, tocainde, and mexiletine on spontaneously active fibers originating in rat sciatic neuroma. Pain 38 (1989) 333-338
    • (1989) Pain , vol.38 , pp. 333-338
    • Chabal, C.1    Russel, L.C.2    Burchiel, K.J.3
  • 12
    • 0029135207 scopus 로고
    • Prolonged alleviation of tactile allodynia by intravenous lidocaine in neuropathic rats
    • Chaplan S.R., Bach F.W., Shafer S.L., and Yaksh T.L. Prolonged alleviation of tactile allodynia by intravenous lidocaine in neuropathic rats. Anesthesiology 83 (1995) 775-785
    • (1995) Anesthesiology , vol.83 , pp. 775-785
    • Chaplan, S.R.1    Bach, F.W.2    Shafer, S.L.3    Yaksh, T.L.4
  • 13
    • 2342523953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of lidocaine patch 5% studies in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia
    • Davies P.S., and Galer B.S. Review of lidocaine patch 5% studies in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Drugs 64 (2004) 937-947
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , pp. 937-947
    • Davies, P.S.1    Galer, B.S.2
  • 14
    • 0020600187 scopus 로고
    • Axoplasmic transport block reduces ectopic impulse generation in injured peripheral nerves
    • Devor M., and Govrin-Lippmann R. Axoplasmic transport block reduces ectopic impulse generation in injured peripheral nerves. Pain 16 (1983) 73-85
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , pp. 73-85
    • Devor, M.1    Govrin-Lippmann, R.2
  • 15
    • 0021806385 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids suppress ectopic neural discharge originating in experimental neuromas
    • Devor M., Govrin-Lippmann R., and Raber P. Corticosteroids suppress ectopic neural discharge originating in experimental neuromas. Pain 22 (1985) 127-137
    • (1985) Pain , vol.22 , pp. 127-137
    • Devor, M.1    Govrin-Lippmann, R.2    Raber, P.3
  • 16
    • 0026565417 scopus 로고
    • Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction
    • Devor M., Wall P.D., and Catalan N. Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction. Pain 48 (1992) 261-268
    • (1992) Pain , vol.48 , pp. 261-268
    • Devor, M.1    Wall, P.D.2    Catalan, N.3
  • 17
    • 0027076129 scopus 로고
    • The influence of mechanical stimuli and of acetylsalicylic acid on the discharges of slowly conducting afferent units from normal and inflamed muscle in the rat
    • Diehl B., Hoheisel U., and Mense S. The influence of mechanical stimuli and of acetylsalicylic acid on the discharges of slowly conducting afferent units from normal and inflamed muscle in the rat. Exp Brain Res 92 (1993) 431-440
    • (1993) Exp Brain Res , vol.92 , pp. 431-440
    • Diehl, B.1    Hoheisel, U.2    Mense, S.3
  • 18
    • 16644365574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-beta-fiber nociceptive primary afferent neurons: a review of incidence and properties in relation to other afferent A-fiber neurons in mammals
    • Djouhri L., and Lawson S.N. A-beta-fiber nociceptive primary afferent neurons: a review of incidence and properties in relation to other afferent A-fiber neurons in mammals. Brain Res Rev 46 (2004) 131-145
    • (2004) Brain Res Rev , vol.46 , pp. 131-145
    • Djouhri, L.1    Lawson, S.N.2
  • 19
    • 9044222111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The analgesic response to intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of neuropathic pain
    • Ferrante F.M., Paggioli J., Cherukuri S., and Arthur G.R. The analgesic response to intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Anesth Analg 82 (1996) 91-97
    • (1996) Anesth Analg , vol.82 , pp. 91-97
    • Ferrante, F.M.1    Paggioli, J.2    Cherukuri, S.3    Arthur, G.R.4
  • 20
    • 1842786064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethosuximide has anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects in rat models of paclitaxel and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathies
    • Flatters S.J.L., and Bennett G.J. Ethosuximide has anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects in rat models of paclitaxel and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathies. Pain 109 (2004) 150-161
    • (2004) Pain , vol.109 , pp. 150-161
    • Flatters, S.J.L.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 21
    • 13144258744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the lidocaine patch 5% in reducing intensity of various pain qualities reported by patients with low-back pain
    • Galer B.S., Gammaitoni A.R., Oleka N., Jensen M.P., and Argoff C.E. Use of the lidocaine patch 5% in reducing intensity of various pain qualities reported by patients with low-back pain. Curr Med Res Opin 20 Suppl. 2 (2004) S5-S12
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Galer, B.S.1    Gammaitoni, A.R.2    Oleka, N.3    Jensen, M.P.4    Argoff, C.E.5
  • 22
    • 0036041665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lidocaine patch 5% effectively treats all neuropathic pain qualities: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 3-week efficacy study with the use of the neuropathic pain scale
    • Galer B.S., Jensen M.P., Ma T., Davies P.S., and Rowbotham M.C. The lidocaine patch 5% effectively treats all neuropathic pain qualities: results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 3-week efficacy study with the use of the neuropathic pain scale. Clin J Pain 18 (2002) 297-301
    • (2002) Clin J Pain , vol.18 , pp. 297-301
    • Galer, B.S.1    Jensen, M.P.2    Ma, T.3    Davies, P.S.4    Rowbotham, M.C.5
  • 23
    • 0032954053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: results of an enriched enrollment study
    • Galer B.S., Rowbotham M.C., Perander J., and Friedman E. Topical lidocaine patch relieves postherpetic neuralgia more effectively than a vehicle topical patch: results of an enriched enrollment study. Pain 80 (1999) 533-538
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 533-538
    • Galer, B.S.1    Rowbotham, M.C.2    Perander, J.3    Friedman, E.4
  • 24
    • 0037303831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of the lidocaine patch 5%, a targeted peripheral analgesic: a review of the literature
    • Gammaitoni A.R., Alvarez N.A., and Galer B.S. Safety and tolerability of the lidocaine patch 5%, a targeted peripheral analgesic: a review of the literature. J Clin Pharmacol 43 (2003) 111-117
    • (2003) J Clin Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 111-117
    • Gammaitoni, A.R.1    Alvarez, N.A.2    Galer, B.S.3
  • 25
    • 13144279285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine patch 5% and its positive impact on pain qualities in osteoarthritis: results of a pilot 2-week, open-label study using the neuropathic pain scale
    • Gammaitoni A.R., Galer B.S., Onawola R., Jensen M.P., and Argoff C.E. Lidocaine patch 5% and its positive impact on pain qualities in osteoarthritis: results of a pilot 2-week, open-label study using the neuropathic pain scale. Curr Med Res Opin 20 Suppl. 2 (2004) S13-S19
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Gammaitoni, A.R.1    Galer, B.S.2    Onawola, R.3    Jensen, M.P.4    Argoff, C.E.5
  • 26
    • 0001420783 scopus 로고
    • Axon diameters in relation to the spike dimensions and the conduction velocity in mammalian A fibers
    • Gasser H.S., and Grundfest H. Axon diameters in relation to the spike dimensions and the conduction velocity in mammalian A fibers. Am J Physiol 127 (1939) 393-414
    • (1939) Am J Physiol , vol.127 , pp. 393-414
    • Gasser, H.S.1    Grundfest, H.2
  • 27
    • 25844499138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine patch treatment in patients with low back pain: results of an open-label, nonrandomized pilot study
    • Gimbel J., Linn R., Hale M., and Nicholson B. Lidocaine patch treatment in patients with low back pain: results of an open-label, nonrandomized pilot study. Am J Ther 12 (2005) 311-319
    • (2005) Am J Ther , vol.12 , pp. 311-319
    • Gimbel, J.1    Linn, R.2    Hale, M.3    Nicholson, B.4
  • 29
    • 0023924046 scopus 로고
    • A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia
    • Hargreaves K., Dubner R., Brown F., Flores C., and Joris J. A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain 32 (1988) 77-88
    • (1988) Pain , vol.32 , pp. 77-88
    • Hargreaves, K.1    Dubner, R.2    Brown, F.3    Flores, C.4    Joris, J.5
  • 30
    • 28444469384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label study of the lidocaine patch 5% in painful idiopathic sensory polyneuropathy
    • Herrmann D.N., Barbano R.L., Hart-Gouleau S., Pennella-Vaughn J., and Dworkin R.H. An open-label study of the lidocaine patch 5% in painful idiopathic sensory polyneuropathy. Pain Med 6 (2005) 379-384
    • (2005) Pain Med , vol.6 , pp. 379-384
    • Herrmann, D.N.1    Barbano, R.L.2    Hart-Gouleau, S.3    Pennella-Vaughn, J.4    Dworkin, R.H.5
  • 31
    • 0026767449 scopus 로고
    • Onset of painful peripheral neuropathy in rat: a partial and differential deafferentation and spontaneous discharge in Aβ and Aδ primary afferent neurons
    • Kajander K.C., and Bennett G.J. Onset of painful peripheral neuropathy in rat: a partial and differential deafferentation and spontaneous discharge in Aβ and Aδ primary afferent neurons. J Neurophysiol 68 (1992) 734-744
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.68 , pp. 734-744
    • Kajander, K.C.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 32
    • 0023241524 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous lidocaine infusion - a new treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy?
    • Kastrup J., Petersen P., Dejgard A., Angelo H.R., and Hilsted J. Intravenous lidocaine infusion - a new treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy?. Pain 28 (1987) 69-75
    • (1987) Pain , vol.28 , pp. 69-75
    • Kastrup, J.1    Petersen, P.2    Dejgard, A.3    Angelo, H.R.4    Hilsted, J.5
  • 33
    • 0036924481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lidoderm patch study group. Lidocaine patch 5% reduces pain intensity and interference with quality of life in patients with postherpetic neuralgia: an effectiveness trial
    • Katz N.P., Gammaitoni A.R., Davis M.W., and Dworkin R.H. Lidoderm patch study group. Lidocaine patch 5% reduces pain intensity and interference with quality of life in patients with postherpetic neuralgia: an effectiveness trial. Pain Med 3 (2002) 324-332
    • (2002) Pain Med , vol.3 , pp. 324-332
    • Katz, N.P.1    Gammaitoni, A.R.2    Davis, M.W.3    Dworkin, R.H.4
  • 34
    • 0030247053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive tactile hypersensitivity: an inflammation-induced incremental increase in the excitability of the spinal cord
    • Ma Q.P., and Woolf C.J. Progressive tactile hypersensitivity: an inflammation-induced incremental increase in the excitability of the spinal cord. Pain 67 (1996) 97-106
    • (1996) Pain , vol.67 , pp. 97-106
    • Ma, Q.P.1    Woolf, C.J.2
  • 35
    • 0142196073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Meier T., Wasner G., Faust M., Kuntzer T., Ochsner F., Hueppe M., Bogousslavsky J., and Baron R. Efficacy of lidocaine patch 5% in the treatment of focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain 106 (2003) 151-158
    • (2003) Pain , vol.106 , pp. 151-158
    • Meier, T.1    Wasner, G.2    Faust, M.3    Kuntzer, T.4    Ochsner, F.5    Hueppe, M.6    Bogousslavsky, J.7    Baron, R.8
  • 36
    • 0027170885 scopus 로고
    • Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain
    • Mense S. Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain. Pain 54 (1993) 241-289
    • (1993) Pain , vol.54 , pp. 241-289
    • Mense, S.1
  • 37
    • 5644257549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What should we be measuring in behavioral studies of chronic pain in animals?
    • Mogil J.S., and Crager S.E. What should we be measuring in behavioral studies of chronic pain in animals?. Pain 112 (2004) 12-15
    • (2004) Pain , vol.112 , pp. 12-15
    • Mogil, J.S.1    Crager, S.E.2
  • 38
    • 0029923562 scopus 로고
    • Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity
    • Puig S., and Sorkin L.S. Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity. Pain 64 (1995) 345-355
    • (1995) Pain , vol.64 , pp. 345-355
    • Puig, S.1    Sorkin, L.S.2
  • 39
    • 0031442098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved method for the measurement of lidocaine and its metabolites in rat plasma
    • Rossi S.S., Moore A.C., Hagey L.R., Yaksh T.L., and Chaplan S.R. An improved method for the measurement of lidocaine and its metabolites in rat plasma. Ther Drug Monit 19 (1997) 179-184
    • (1997) Ther Drug Monit , vol.19 , pp. 179-184
    • Rossi, S.S.1    Moore, A.C.2    Hagey, L.R.3    Yaksh, T.L.4    Chaplan, S.R.5
  • 40
    • 0028873381 scopus 로고
    • Topical lidocaine gel relieves postherpetic neuralgia
    • Rowbotham M.C., Davies P.S., and Fields H.L. Topical lidocaine gel relieves postherpetic neuralgia. Ann Neurol 37 (1995) 246-253
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 246-253
    • Rowbotham, M.C.1    Davies, P.S.2    Fields, H.L.3
  • 41
    • 0026095534 scopus 로고
    • Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia
    • Rowbotham M.C., Reisner-Keller L.A., and Fields H.L. Both intravenous lidocaine and morphine reduce the pain of postherpetic neuralgia. Neurology 41 (1991) 1024-1028
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1024-1028
    • Rowbotham, M.C.1    Reisner-Keller, L.A.2    Fields, H.L.3
  • 42
    • 0032940235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in alleviating ipsilateral versus contralateral neuropathic pain in the rat
    • Sinnott C.J., Garfield J.M., and Strichartz G.R. Differential efficacy of intravenous lidocaine in alleviating ipsilateral versus contralateral neuropathic pain in the rat. Pain 80 (1999) 521-531
    • (1999) Pain , vol.80 , pp. 521-531
    • Sinnott, C.J.1    Garfield, J.M.2    Strichartz, G.R.3
  • 43
    • 0025879231 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic concentrations of lidocaine suppress tonic A-delta and C-fiber discharges produced by acute injury
    • Tanelian D.L., and MacIver M.B. Analgesic concentrations of lidocaine suppress tonic A-delta and C-fiber discharges produced by acute injury. Anesthesiology 74 (1991) 934-936
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.74 , pp. 934-936
    • Tanelian, D.L.1    MacIver, M.B.2
  • 44
    • 0030200742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-controlled lidocaine infusion for evaluation of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury
    • Wallace M.S., Dyck J.B., Rossi S.S., and Yaksh T.L. Computer-controlled lidocaine infusion for evaluation of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Pain 66 (1996) 69-77
    • (1996) Pain , vol.66 , pp. 69-77
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Dyck, J.B.2    Rossi, S.S.3    Yaksh, T.L.4
  • 45
    • 0033979526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration-effect relationship of intravenous lidocaine on the allodynia of complex regional pain syndrome types I and II
    • Wallace M.S., Ridgeway B.M., Leung A.Y., Gerayli A., and Yaksh T.L. Concentration-effect relationship of intravenous lidocaine on the allodynia of complex regional pain syndrome types I and II. Anesthesiology 92 (2000) 75-83
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.92 , pp. 75-83
    • Wallace, M.S.1    Ridgeway, B.M.2    Leung, A.Y.3    Gerayli, A.4    Yaksh, T.L.5
  • 46
    • 38449122443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent low-frequency spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons in an inflammatory pain condition
    • Xiao W., and Bennett G.J. Persistent low-frequency spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons in an inflammatory pain condition. Anesthesiology 107 (2007) 813-821
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.107 , pp. 813-821
    • Xiao, W.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 47
    • 40249117497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain: spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons and its suppression by acetyl-l-carnitine
    • Xiao W., and Bennett G.J. Chemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain: spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons and its suppression by acetyl-l-carnitine. Pain 135 (2008) 262-270
    • (2008) Pain , vol.135 , pp. 262-270
    • Xiao, W.1    Bennett, G.J.2
  • 48
    • 0031056936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological characteristics of primary afferent fibers after systemic administration of anti-GD2 ganglioside antibody
    • Xiao W.H., Yu A.L., and Sorkin L.S. Electrophysiological characteristics of primary afferent fibers after systemic administration of anti-GD2 ganglioside antibody. Pain 69 (1997) 145-151
    • (1997) Pain , vol.69 , pp. 145-151
    • Xiao, W.H.1    Yu, A.L.2    Sorkin, L.S.3
  • 49
    • 0020525719 scopus 로고
    • Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals
    • Zimmermann M. Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain 16 (1983) 109-110
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , pp. 109-110
    • Zimmermann, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.