Gait choice in desert-living black-backed jackals

Journal of Zoology

Volumn 275, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 124-129

  Goldenberg, F ^a,b   Glanzl, M ^a,b   Henschel, J R ^b   Funk, S M ^c   Millesi, E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b Gobabeb Training and Research Centre Walvis Bay   (Namibia)

^c DURRELL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Desert environment; Gaits; Jackal; Movement; Namib

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; CANID; DESERT; DUNE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS; GPS; MOVEMENT; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT;

AFRICA; NAMIB DESERT; NAMIBIA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

CANIDAE; CANIS FAMILIARIS; CANIS MESOMELAS;

EID: 44649111106     PISSN: 09528369     EISSN: 14697998     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00417.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Alexander, R.M. (1997) Animals in Action, CD-ROM, United Soft Media.
2. Alexander, R.M. (2003). Principles of animal locomotion. Princeton and Oxford : Princeton University Press.
3. Atkinson, R.P.D., Rhodes, C.J., MacDonald, D.W. Anderson, R.M. (2002). Scale-free dynamics in the movement patterns of jackals. Oikos 98, 134 140.
4. Avery, G. Avery, D.M. (1987). Prey of coastal black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas (Mammalia: Canidae) in the Skeleton Coast Park, Namibia. J. Zool. (Lond.) 213, 81 94.
5. Carrier, D.R., Gregersen, C.S. Silverton, N.A. (1998). Dynamic gearing in running dogs. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 3185 3195.
6. Cavagna, G.A., Heglund, N.C. Taylor, C.R. (1977). Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimising energy expenditure. Am. J. Physiol. 233, 243 261.
7. Ferguson, J.W.H., Galpin, J.S. de Wet, M.J. (1988). Factors affecting the activity patterns of black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas. J. Zool. (Lond.) 214, 55 69.
8. Ferguson, J.W.H., Nel, J.A.J. de Wet, M.J. (1983). Social organisation and movement patterns of black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas in South Africa. J. Zool. (Lond.) 199, 487 502.
9. Glanzl, M., Goldenberg, F., Funk, S.M., Henschel, J.H. Millesi, E. Food composition of black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) in the Namib Desert. J. of Mammalian Biology, in press.
10. Hildebrand, M. (1976). Analysis of tetrapod gaits: general considerations and symmetrical gaits. In Neural control of locomotion, advances in behavioural biology, Vol. 18 : 203 236. Herman, R.M. et al. (Eds). New York : Plenum Press.
11. Hildebrand, M. (1977). Analysis of asymmetrical gaits. J. Mammal. 58, 131 156.
12. Hildebrand, M. Hurley, J.P. (1985). Energy of the oscillation legs of a fast-moving cheetah, pronghorn, jackrabbit and elephant. J. Morphol. 184, 23 31.
13. Hiscocks, K. Perrin, M.R. (1988). Home range and movement of black-backed jackals at Cape Cross Seal reserve, Namibia. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 18, 97 100.
14. Hoyt, D.F. Taylor, C.R. (1981). Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses. Nature 292, 239 240.
15. IUCN Canid Specialist Group (2004). Canids: foxes, wolves, jackals and dogs - 2004 status survey and conservation action plan. Sillero-Zubiri, C., Hoffmann, M. Macdonald, D.W. (Eds). Cambridge : IUCN Publication Services.
16. Jayes, A.S. Alexander, R.McN. (1978). Mechanics of locomotion of dogs (Canis familiaris) and sheep (Ovis aries). J. Zool. (Lond.) 185, 289 308.
17. Kaunda, S.K.K. (2001). Spatial utilization by black-backed jackals in southeastern Botswana. Afr. Zool. 36, 143 152.
18. MacDonald, D.W. (1979). The flexible social system of the golden jackal, Canis aureus. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 5, 17 38.
19. MacDonald, D.W. (1983). The ecology of carnivore social behaviour. Nature 301, 379 384.
20. Mandelbrot, B.B. (1982). The fractal geometry of nature. New York : W. H. Freeman.
21. McKenzie, A. (1997). Encyclopedic entry on Canis mesomelas. In The complete book of South African mammals : 198 199. Mills, G. Hes, L. (Eds). Cape Town : Struik Publishers.
22. McNab, B.K. (1963). Bioenergetics and the determination of home range size. Am. Nat. 97, 133 140.
23. Minetti, A.E., Ardigo, L.P. Saibene, F. (1994). The transition between walking and running in humans: metabolic and mechanical aspects at different gradients. Acta Physiol. Scand. 150, 315 323.
24. Moehlman, P.D. (1979). Jackal helpers and pup survival. Nature 277, 382 383.
25. Mueller, M. (2000) Jackals and Nara. MSc thesis, Department of Ecology, University of Wuerzburg.
26. Nanua, P. Waldron, K.J. (1995). Energy comparison between trot, bound, and gallop using a simple model. J. Biomech. Eng. 117, 466 473.
27. Off, W. Matis, U. (1997). Ganganalyse beim Hund. Teil 1: Dynamometrische und kinemetrische Meßverfahren und ihre Anwendung beim Tetrapoden. Tierärztliche Praxis 25, 8 14.
28. Reilly, S.M., McElroy, E.J. Biknevicius, A.R. (2007). Posture, gait and ecological relevance of locomotor costs and energy saving mechanisms in tetrapods. Zoology 110, 271 289.
29. Rowe-Rowe, D.T. (1982). Home range and movements of black-backed jackals in an African montane region. S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res. 12, 79 84.
30. Switalski, T.A. (2003). Coyote foraging ecology and vigilance in response to gray wolf introduction in Yellowstone National Park. Can. J. Zool. 81, 985 993.