The Semantic Web: Apotheosis of annotation, but what are its semantics?

IEEE Intelligent Systems

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 41-49

  Wilks, Yorick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNOTATION; APOTHEOSIS; INTERPRETATION METHOD;

FORMAL LANGUAGES; KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION; LOGIC PROGRAMMING; NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS; SEMANTICS;

SEMANTIC WEB;

EID: 44449144449     PISSN: 15411672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2008.53     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific American, May 2001, pp. 34-43.
2. L. Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, Oxford Univ. Press, 1953.
3. G. Hirst, "Context as a Spurious Concept," Proc. Conf. Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics, 2000, pp. 273-287.
4. Y. Wilks and M. den Besten, "Digital Technologies Shaping E-research," to be published in World Wide Science: Promises, Threats, and Realities, Oxford Univ. Press.
5. P. Patel-Schneider, P.J. Hayes, and I. Horrocks, OWL Web Ontology: Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax, W3C recommendation, Feb. 2004, www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics.
6. I. Horrocks, "Description Logics in Ontology Applications," Proc. KI/Tableaux 2005, 2005, www.gusconstan.com/AI/DescriptionLogics. htm.
7. J. McCarthy and P. Hayes, "Some Philosophical Problems from the Point of View of Artificial Intelligence," Machine Intelligence 4, D. Michie, ed., Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1969, pp. 463-502.
8. J. McCarthy, Formalizing Common Sense: Papers by John McCarthy, Ablex, 1990.
9. P.J. Hayes, "The Naive Physics Manifesto," Expert Systems in the Micro-Electronic Age, D. Michie, ed., Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1979, pp. 242-270.
10. D. Bobrow and T. Winograd, "An Overview of KRL, a Knowledge Representation Language," Cognitive Science, vol. 1, no. 1, 1977, pp. 3-46.
11. J. Cowie and Y. Wilks, "Information Extraction," Handbook of Natural Language Processing, R. Dale, H. Moisl, and H. Somers, eds., Marcel Dekker, 2000, pp. 190-211.
12. H. Cunningham et al., GATE - a TIPSTER-Based General Architecture for Text Engineering," Proc. TIPSTER Text Program Phase III, Morgan Kaufmann, 1997, pp. 45-65.
13. C.F. Goldfarb, "SGML: The Reason Why and the First Published Hint," J. Am. Soc. Information Science, vol. 48, no. 2, 1997, pp. 44-49.
14. K. Bontcheva and H. Cunningham, "Information Extraction as a Semantic Web Technology: Requirements and Promises," Proc. Adaptive Text Extraction and Mining Workshop, 2003, pp. 222-235.
15. F. Ciravegna, "Designing Adaptive Information Extraction for the Semantic Web in Amilcare," Annotation for the Semantic Web, S. Handschuh and S. Staab, eds., IOS Press, 2003, pp. 23-45.
16. N. Sager, "The String Parser for Scientific Literature," Natural Language Processing, R. Rustin, ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973, pp. 61-87.
17. G. DeJong, "Skimming Stories in Real Time: An Experiment in Integrated Understanding," PhD thesis, Computer Science Dept., Yale Univ., 1979.
18. G. Leech, R. Garside, and M. Bryant, "CLAWS4: The Tagging of the British National Corpus," Proc. 15th Int'l Conf. Computational Linguistics (COLINO 94), 1994, pp. 622-628.
19. C. Brewster et al., "The Ontology: Chimaera or Pegasus," Proc. Dagstuhl Seminar Machine Learning for the Semantic Web, 2005, pp. 89-101.
20. B. Norton, S. Chapman, and F. Ciravegna. Orchestration of Semantic Web Services for Large-Scale Document Annotation, Springer. 2005.
21. R. Braithwaite, Scientific Explanation. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1956.
22. C. Hewitt, "Procedural Semantics," Natural Language Processing, R. Rustin, ed., Algorithmus Press, 1972, pp. 99-118.
23. H. Longuet-Higgins, "The Algorithmic Description of Natural Language," Proc. Royal Soc. London B. vol. 182, 1972, pp. 255-276.
24. Y. Wilks, "What Would a Wittgensteinian Computational Linguistics Be Like?" Proc. 10th Int'l Congress Pragmatics, 2005, pp. 212-227.
25. S. Nirenburg and Y. Wilks, "What's in a Symbol," J. Theoretical and Empirical AI, vol. 13, no. 1, 2001, pp. 9-23.
26. W. Woods, "What's in a Link: Foundations for Semantic Networks," Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, Academic Press, 1975, pp. 35-82.
27. R. Schank, "Conceptual Dependency: A Theory of Natural Language Understanding," Cognitive Psychology, vol. 3, no. 4, 1972, pp. 67-88.
28. D. Lewis, "General Semantics," The Semantics of Natural Language, D. Davidson and G. Harman, eds., Kluwer, 1972.
29. K. Sparck Jones, "What's New about the Semantic Web? Some Questions," ACM SIGIR Forum, vol. 38, no. 2, 2004, www.sigir.org/forum/2004D/sparck_jones_sigirforum_2004d.pdf.
30. C. Brewster. F. Ciravegna, and Y. Wilks, "Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge Management," Proc. IJCAI 2001 Workshop Ontology Learning, 2001, pp. 121-134.
31. J. Olney, C. Revard, and P. Ziff, "Some Monsters in Noah's Ark," research memo, Systems Development Corp., 1968.
32. F. Jelinek and J. Lafferty, "Computation of the Probability of Initial Substring Generation by Stochastic Context-Free Grammars," Computational Linguistics, vol. 17, no. 3,1991, pp. 315-323.
33. A. Kilgarriff and G. Grefenstette, eds., special issue on the Web as corpus, Computational Linguistics, vol. 29, no. 3, 2003.
34. R.K. Moore, "A Comparison of Data Requirements for ASR Systems and Human Listeners," Proc. EUROSPEECH 2003, 2003, pp. 238-251.
35. G. Grefenstette, "The Scale of the Multilingual Web," presentation at Search Engine Meeting 2004.
36. D. Guthrie et al., "A Closer Look at Skipgram Modelling," Proc. 5th Int'l Conf. Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 06), European Language Development Assoc., 2006, pp. 101-111.
37. Y. Wilks, Computable Semantic Derivations, tech. report SP-3017, Systems Development Corp., 1968.
38. E. Hovy, "Key toward Large-Scale Shallow Semantics for Higher-Quality NLP," Proc. 12th PACLING Conf, 2005, pp. 98-107.
39. D. Lenat, "CyC: A Large-Scale Investment in Knowledge Infrastructure," Comm. ACM, vol. 38, no. 11, 1996, pp. 33-38.
40. H. Putnam, "The Meaning of 'Meaning,'" Philosophical Papers, Vol. 2: Mind, Language and Reality, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1975/1985, pp. 215-271.
41. D.H. Mellor, "Natural Kinds," British J. Philosophy of Science, vol. 28, no. 2, 1977, pp. 1-23.
42. Y. Wilks, "Putnam and Clarke and Mind and Body," British J. Philosophy of Science, vol. 26, no. 3, 1975, pp. 23-30.
43. T. Kazic, "Putting the Semantics into the Semantic Web: How Well Can It Capture Biology?" Proc. Pacific Symp. Biocomputing, 2006, pp. 140-151, http://helix-web.stanford.edu/psb06/kazic.pdf.
44. D. McDermott, "Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity," Mind Design, J. Haugeland, ed., Bradford, 1981, pp. 143-160.
45. W.V.O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View. Harvard Univ. Press. 1953.
46. A. Morgan et al., "Gene Name Extraction Using FlyBase Resources," Proc. ACL Workshop Language Processing in Biomedicine. Assoc. Computational Linguistics, 2003, pp. 23-41.
47. I. Horrocks and P. Patel-Schneider, "Three Theses of Representation in the Semantic Web," Proc. 12th Int'l World Wide Web Conf. (WWW 03), ACM Press, 2003, pp. 39-47, www2003.org/cdrom/papers/refereed/p050/p50- horrocks.html.