Multiple sclerosis and certain neurodegenerative diseases are caused by high energy electromagnetic fields (EMF) like geomagnetic storms. A hypothesis

Journal of Tokyo Medical University

Volumn 66, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 171-178

  Kudo, Motoshige ^a  

^a TOKYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Electrolytic capacitor; Electromagnetic fields; Multiple sclerosis; Myelin; Neurodegenerative diseases

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CELL MEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DEMYELINATION; ELECTRIC SHOCK; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GEOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERTHERMIA; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MYELIN SHEATH; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 44449083457     PISSN: 00408905     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (25)

1. th ed. Edited by Adams JH, Duchen LW. Edward Arnold, London 1992
2. Ellison D, Love S, Chimelli L, Harding B, Lowe J, Roberts GW, Vinters HV : Neuropathology : A reference text of CNS pathology. Mosby, London 1998
3. Kurtzke JF, Hyllested K : Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands : I. Clinical and epidemiological features. Ann Neurol 5 : 6-21, 1979
4. Dean G, Elian M : Age at immigration to England of Asian and Caribbean immigrants and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 63 : 565-568, 1997
5. Chaudhuri A : Why we should offer routine vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and childhood to prevent multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 64 : 608-618, 2005
6. Sibley WA, Bamford CR, Clark K, Smith MS, Laguna JF : A prospective study of physical trauma and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54 : 584-589, 1991
7. Behan PO, Chaudhuri A, Roep BO : The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis revisited. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 32 : 244-265, 2002
8. Havas M : Electromagnetic hypersensitivity : biological effects of dirty electricity with emphasis on diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Electromagn Biol Med 25 : 259-268, 2006
9. Kudo M, Fujita K, Niyaz M, Matsuyama N : Immunohistochemical findings that exposure to 915 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone microwaves activates microglia in rat brain. J Tokyo Med Univ 65 : 29-36, 2007 (in Japanese with English abstract, http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/ article/200705/000020070507A0141173.php) (access date Nov. 7, 2007)
10. Eder C, DeCoursey TE : Voltage-gated proton channels in microglia. Prog Neurobiol 64 : 277-305, 2001
11. Lai H, Singh NP : Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat. Environ Health Perspect 112 : 687-694, 2004
12. th British ed. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1975
13. rd ed. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1994
14. Larsen JP, Kvaale G, Riise T, Nyland H, Aarli JA : An increase in the incidence of multiple sclerosis in Western Norway. Acta Neurol Scand 69 : 96-103, 1984
15. Riise T, Grønning M, Klauber MR, Barrett-Connor E, Nyland H, Albrektsen G : Clustering of residence of multiple sclerosis patients at age 13 to 20 years in Hordaland, Norway. Am J Epidemiol 133 : 932-939, 1991
16. http://www.kakioka-jma.go.jp/obsdata/mstorm_rank_kak.html (access date Nov. 7, 2007)
17. Kira J : Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Japanese : with special reference to opticospinal multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol 46 : 859-862, 2006 (in Japanese with English abstract)
18. Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Moreau T, the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group : Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 339 : 285-291, 1998
19. Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM, Rudick R, Mörk S, Bö L : Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 338 : 278-285, 1998
20. Alexianu ME, Ho BK, Mohamed AH, La Bella V, Smith RG, Appel SH : The role of calcium-binding proteins in selective motoneuron vulnerability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 36 : 846-858, 1994
21. Obál I, Engelhardt JI, Sikloás L : Axotomy induces contrasting changes in calcium and calcium-binding proteins in oculomotor and hypoglossal nuclei of Balb/c mice. J Comp Neurol 499 : 17-32, 2006
22. Kreutzberg GW : Microglia : a sensor for pathological events in the CNS. Trends Neurosci 19 : 312-318, 1996
23. Town T, Nikolic V, Tan J : The microglial "activation" continuum : from innate to adaptive responses. J Neuroinflammation 2 : 24, 2005
24. Kim YS, Joh TH : Microglia, major player in the brain inflammation : their roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Exp Mol Med 38 : 333-347, 2006
25. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2006/21dec_cycle24.htm (access date Nov. 7, 2007)