Memorializing Saint-Quentin: Monuments, inaugurations and history in the third republic

French History

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 48-76

  Troyansky, David G ^a  

^a TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4444382625     PISSN: 02691191     EISSN: 14774542     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/fh/13.1.48     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. P. Nora, Les lieux de mémoire (7 vols. 1984-93). Most of the contents have now appeared in three paperback volumes (1997).
2. For a wide-ranging treatment of the relationship between history and memory, see P. H. Hutton, History as an art of memory (Hanover, N.H., 1994).
3. For an international treatment of commemorative practices, see J. R. Gillis (ed.). Commemorations: the politics of national identity (Princeton, N.J., 1994).
4. On the culture and memory of war, see A. Becker, La guerre et la fol, de la mort à la mémoire, 1914-1930 (1994).
5. See, for example, the local studies collected in P. Rive, A. Becker, O. Pelletier, D. Renoux and C. Thomas, Monuments de mémoire: les monuments aux morts de la première guerre mondiale (1991). Realms of memory is the title of the 1996-7 English-language translation (and reordering) of Nora.
6. S. Bennett Farmer, 'Oradour-sur-Glane: memory in a preserved landscape', Fr Hist Stud, 19 (1995), 27-47.
7. D. Sherman, 'Les inaugurations et la politique', in Rive et al., Monuments de mémoire, p. 277.
8. On public indifference to the meaning of monuments: K. Inglis, 'War memorials: ten questions for historians', in Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, 167 (1992), a special issue prepared by the Centre de Recherches de l'Historial de la Grande Guerre (Péronne), 18.
9. R. Gildea, We past in French history (New Haven, Conn., 1994).
10. For an art historical approach: J. Hargrove, Les statues de Paris: la représentation des grands hommes dans les rues et sur les places de Paris (1989).
11. M. Agulhon, 'La "statuomanie" et l'histoire', Ethnol Fr, 8 (1978);
12. D. G. Troyansky, 'Monumental politics: national history and local memory in French monuments aux morts in the department of the Aisne since 1870', Fr Hist Stud, 15 (1987), 121-41;
13. W. Cohen, 'Symbols of power, statues in nineteenth-century provincial France', Comp Stud S, 31 (1989), 491-513;
14. J. Hargrove, 'Les monuments au tribut de la gloire', La bataille, l'armée, la gloire. Actes du colloque de Clermont-Ferrand, 1983 (Clermont, 1985), pp. 561-80;
15. A. Becker, 'Monuments et cérémonies de 1871 aux années vingt', in Rive et al., Monuments de mémoire, pp. 15-27;
16. e siècle et l'invention du tourisme funéraire', Rev Hist M, 44 (1997), 601-16.
17. See also the discussion of Barrés in Gildea, The past in French history.
18. A. Prost, 'Les monuments aux morts, Culte républicain? Culte civique? Culte patriotique?', in P. Nora, Les lieux de mémoire. I. La République (1984), pp. 195-225.
19. Prost continued to develop this idea in 'Mémoires locales et mémoires nationales: les monuments de 1914-1918 en France', in Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, 167 (1992), 41-50.
20. S. Englund, 'The ghost of nation past', J Mod Hist, 64 (1992), 299-320.
21. D. J. Sherman, 'Art, commerce, and the production of memory in France after World War I', chapter 10 in Gillis, Commemorations, pp. 186-211.
22. For T. W. Laqueur, 'Memory and naming in the Great War', chapter 8.
23. in the same volume, naming names is the sign of democratization, but that process had begun earlier. See A. Becker, 'Monuments aux morts après la guerre de Sécession et la guerre de 1870-1871: un legs de la guerre nationale?', Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains, 167 (1993), 23-40, one of the few studies to look at the period before the First World War.
24. D. J. Sherman, 'Bodies and names: the emergence of commemoration in interwar France', Am Hist R, 103 (1998), 443-66.
25. J. Winter, Sites of memory, sites of mourning: the Great War in European cultural history (Cambridge, 1995).
26. A. Jourdan, Les monuments de la révolution 1770-1804: une histoire de représentation (1997);
27. D. Poulot, Musée, nation, patrimoine, 1789-1815 (1997).
28. See the maps of political opinion in R. D. Anderson, France 1870-1914: politics and society (1977), pp. 54-5.
29. For the history of the city, see the modern facsimile edition of an 1878 work, L. Jamart, Histoire populaire de la ville de Saint-Quentin (1987),
30. and a volume designed for pedagogical use, N. Boutinot, Saint-Quentin (Amiens, 1969).
31. D. Terrier, Les deux âges de la proto-industrie: les tisserands du Cambrésis et du Saint-Quentinois, 1730-1880 (1996), p. 254.
32. On the overlap between education and consumption: V. R. Schwartz, 'Museums and mass spectacle: the Musée Grévin as a monument to modern life', Fr Hist Stud, 19 (1995), 7-26.
33. J.-M. Mayeur and M. Rebérioux, The Third Republic from its origins to the Great War, 1871-1914 (Cambridge, 1984), p. 105.
34. P. Joutard, 'Une passion française: l'histoire', in A. Burguière and J. Revel, Histoire de la France: les formes de la culture (1993), p. 557.
35. For the development of the republican iconographic tradition, see the series of books by Maurice Agulhon beginning with Marianne au combat (1979).
36. On Martin: C. Rearick, 'Henri Martin: from Druidic traditions to republican polities', in W. Laqueur and G. L. Mosse, Historians in politics (1974), pp. 79-90.
37. G. Lecocq, Histoire de la ville de Saint-Quentin (Saint-Quentin, 1875), p. 199.
38. Le Journal de Saint-Quentin et de l'Aisne, 3932, 24 Sept. 1871, p. 3.
39. Le Journal 3962, 22 Nov. 1871, p. 2.
40. For another inauguration speech by Gambetta (in Cahors): Becker, 'Monuments aux morts', Guerres, p. 38.
41. Le Journal 3966, 1 Dec. 1871, p.2.
42. Le Journal 3961, 19 Nov. 1871, p.2.
43. Le Journal 3987, 17 Jan. 1872, p. 2.
44. Le Journal 3986, 14 Jan. 1872, p. 2.
45. LeJournal 3987, 17 Jan. 1872, p. 2;
46. Le Journal 3989, 21 Jan. 1872, pp. 1-2.
47. Le Journal 3912, 13 Aug. 1871, p. 2.
48. The line from Santeuil was still evoked by G. Richer, Inspecteur Départemental de l'Education Nationale, in the preface to Boutinot, Saint-Quentin.
49. Le Journal 3999, 21 Jan. 1876.
50. Le Journal 3977, 24 Dec. 1871, p. 1.
51. AM Saint-Quentin 118, 30 Sept. 1881.
52. Le Glaneur 114, 8 Oct. 1881.
53. Le Glaneur 116, 12 Oct. 1881.
54. The fundamental work on the Revolutionary festivals remains M. Ozouf, La fête révolutionnaire, 1789-1799 (1976).
55. E. Lemaire, Les fêtes publiques à Saint-Quentin pendant la Révolution et sous le Premier Empire (Saint-Quentin, 1884). The book describes one festival after another; most took place in the Grande Place, but there were some exceptions: funeral services occurred in the Collégiale transformed into a Temple de la Raison, and some festivals beginning in 1798 occurred at the Autel de la patrie built on the Champ de la Réunion. As for the area that would eventually receive the monument aux morts in 1927, only the preliminary gathering of fédérés, who would march up to the Grande Place on 25 July 1790, took place there.
56. K. Baedeker, Northern France, 5th edn (Leipzig and London, 1909), p. 72.
57. F. Braudel, The identity of France. I. History and Environment (1988), pp. 110-12.
58. See A. and S. Fiette, Saint-Quentin (Colmar-Ingersheim, 1972), pp. 102-3,
59. who claim the models were bourgeois of the city; also Boutinot, Saint-Quentin, p. 59.
60. Cohen, 'Symbols of power', p. 494; AM Saint-Quentin 1D57, telegram from maire to President.
61. Henri Martin, préface à Henri Bouchot et Emmanuel Lemaire, Le livre rouge de l'hôtel de ville de Saint-Quentin (Saint-Quentin, 1881), p. iv.
62. Emmanuel Lemaire et al., La guerre de 1557 en Picardie: Bataille de Saint-Laurent, Siège de Saint-Quentin, Prises du Câtelet, de Ham, de Chauny et de Noyon (Saint-Quentin, 1896), p. xlii. Previous citation from preface by Pierre Bénard.
63. Le Grand Echo de l'Aisne, 27 July 1927.
64. 'Premiers résultats de la Journée du 31', L'Humanité, 2 Aug. 1927;
65. 'Vive l'armée', Le Grand Echo de l'Aisne, 20 Aug. 1927.
66. The author has yet to find a postcard whose message refers to the monument depicted. On the same phenomenon in religious postcards from the First World War: Becker, La guerre et la foi, pp. 62-3.
67. S. Audoin-Rouzeau and A. Becker, 'Violence et consentement: la "culture de guerre" du premier conflit mondial', in J.-P. Rioux and J.-F. Sirinelli, Pour une histoire culturelle (1997), pp. 251-71.