Numerical modelling of landscape evolution: Geomorphological perspectives

Progress in Physical Geography

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 317-339

  Martin, Yvonne ^a   Church, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Geomorphology; Landscape evolution; Model implementation; Numerical modelling; Process specification; Scale

Indexed keywords

FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; HILLSLOPE; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; MODEL VALIDATION; NUMERICAL MODEL; SCALE EFFECT;

EID: 4444343057     PISSN: 03091333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1191/0309133304pp412ra     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Ahnert, F. 1976: Brief description of a comprehensive three-dimensional process-response model of landform development. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 25, 29-49.
2. Ahnert, F. 1987: Process-response models of denudation at different spatial scales. In Ahnert, F., editor, Geomorphological models - theoretical and empirical aspects. Catena Supplement 10, 31-50.
3. Ahnert, F. 1998: Introduction to geomorphology. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
4. Ambroise, B. and Viville, D. 1986: Spatial variability of textural and hydrodynamic properties in a soil unit of the Ringelbach catchment, Vosges (France). Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. Supplement 58, 21-34.
5. Anderson, R.S. 1994: Evolution of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, through tectonic growth and geomorphic decay Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 20161-79.
6. Anderson, R.S. 2002: Modeling of tor-dotted crests, bed-rock edges and parabolic profiles of the high alpine surfaces of the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Geomorphology 46, 35-58.
7. Anderson, R.S. and Humphrey, N.F. 1989: Interaction of weathering and transport processes in the evolution of arid landscapes. In Cross, T.A., editor, Quantitative dynamic stratigraphy. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall, 349-61.
8. Ashton, A., Murray, A.B. and Arnoult, O. 2001: Formation of coastline features by large-scale instabilities induced by high-angle waves. Nature 414, 296-300.
9. Avouac, J. and Burov, E. 1996: Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 17747-69.
10. Bagnold, R.A. 1966: An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 4221, Washington DC: US Government printing office, 37 pp.
11. Bagnold, R.A. 1980: An empirical correlation of bedload transport rates in flumes and natural rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 372, 453-73.
12. Beaumont, C., Kooi, H. and Willett, S. 2000: Coupled tectonic-surface process models with applications to rifted margins and collisional orogens. In Summerfield, M.A., editor, Geomorphology and global tectonics. Chichester: Wiley, 29-55.
13. Benda, L. and Dunne, T. 1997: Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow. Water Resources Research 33, 2849-63.
14. Bierman, P.R. 1994: Using in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes to estimate rates of landscape evolution: a review from the geomorphic perspective. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 13885-96.
15. Braun, J. and Sambridge, M. 1997: Modelling landscape evolution on geological time scales: a new method based on irregular spatial discretization. Basin Research 9, 27-52.
16. Brozovic, N., Burbank, D.W. and Meigs, A.J. 1997: Climatic limits on landscape development in the northwestern Himalaya. Science 276, 571-74.
17. Cerling, T.E. and Craig, H. 1994: Geomorphology and in-situ cosmogenic isotopes. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science 22, 273-317.
18. Chase, C.G. 1992: Fluvial landsculpting and the fractal dimension of topography. Geomorphology 5, 39-57.
19. Chorley, R.J. 1965: A re-evaluation of the geomorphic system of W.M. Davis. In Chorley, R.J. and Hagget, P., editors, Frontiers in geographical teaching. London: Methuen, 21-38.
20. chorley, R.J. 1969: The drainage basin as the fundamental geomorphic unit. In Chorley, R.J., editor, Water, Earth and man. London: Methuen, 77-98.
21. Chorley, R.J., Schumm, S.A. and Sugden, D.E. 1984: Geomorphology. London: Methuen.
22. Church, M. 1980: Records of recent geomorphological events. In Cullingford, R.A., Davidson, D.A. and Lewin, J., editors, Timescales in geomorphology. Chichester: Wiley, 13-29.
23. Church, M. 1996: Space, time and the mountain - how do we order what we see? In Rhoads, B.L. and Thorn, C.E., editors, The scientific nature of geomorphology. Chichester: Wiley, 147-70.
24. Clemmensen, L.B., Pye, K., Murray, A. and Heinemeier, J. 2001: Sedimentology, stratigraphy and landscape evolution of a Holocene coastal dune system, Lodbjerg, NW Jutland, Denmark. Sedimentology 48, 3-27.
25. Culling, W.E.H. 1960: Analytical theory of erosion. Journal of Geology 68, 336-44.
26. Culling, W.E.H. 1963: Soil creep and the development of hillside slopes. Journal of Geology 71, 127-61.
27. Culling, W.E.H. 1965: Theory of erosion on soil-covered slopes. Journal of Geology 73, 230-54.
28. Culling, W.E.H. and Datco, M. 1987: The fractal geometry of the soil-covered landscape. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 12, 369-85.
29. Dadson, S. 2000: Episodic processes in fluvial landscape evolution. MSc Thesis, University of British Columbia.
30. Davis, W.M. 1899: The geographical cycle. Geographical Journal 14, 481-504.
31. Delcourt, H.R., Delcourt, P.A. and Webb, T., 3rd, 1983: Dynamic plant ecology: the spectrum of vegetational change in space and time. Quaternary Science Reviews 1, 153-75.
32. Densmore, A.L., Ellis, M.A. and Anderson, R.S. 1998: Landsliding and the evolution of normal-fault-bounded mountains. Journal of Geophysical Research 103, 15203-19.
33. Dietrich, W.E. and Dunne, T. 1978: Sediment budget for a small catchment in mountainous terrain. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplementband 29, 191-206.
34. Dietrich, W., Wilson, C., Montgomery, D. and McKean, J. 1993: Analysis of erosion thresholds, channel networks and landscape morphology using a digital terrain model. Journal of Geology 101, 259-78.
35. Duller, G.A. 2000: Dating methods: geochronology and landscape evolution. Progress in Physical Geography 24, 111-16.
36. Dunne, 1980: Formation and controls of channel networks. Progress in Physical Geography 4, 211-39.
37. Ehleringer, J.R. and Field, C.B., editors, 1993: Scaling physiological processes: leaf to globe. San Diego CA: Academic Press, 388 pp.
38. Ellis, M.E., Densmore, A.L. and Anderson, R.S. 1999: Development of mountainous topography in the Basin Ranges, USA. Basin Research 11, 21-42.
39. Everitt, B.L. 1968: Use of the cottonwood in an investigation of the recent history of a flood-plain. American Journal of Science 266, 417-39.
40. Ferguson, R.I., Church, M. and Weatherly, H. 2001: Fluvial aggradation in Vedder River: testing a one-dimensional sedimentation model. Water Resources Research 37, 3331-47.
41. Flemal, R.C. 1971: The attack on the Davisian system of geomorphology: a synopsis. Journal of Geological Education 19, 3-13.
42. Flemings, P. and Jordan, T. 1989: A synthetic stratigraphic model of foreland basin development. Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 3851-66.
43. Garver, J.I., Brandon, M.T., Roden-Tice, M. and Kamp, P.J. 1999: Erosional denudation determined by fission-track ages of detrital apatite and zircon. In Ring, U., Brandon, M.T., Willett, S. and Lister, G., editors, Exhumation processes: normal faulting, ductile flow, and erosion. London: Geological Society of London Special Publication 154, 283-304.
44. Guzzetti, F., Malamud, B.D., Turcotte, D.L. and Reichenbach, P. 2002: Power-law correlation of landslid areas in central Italy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6085, 1-15.
45. Hack, J.T. 1960: Interpretation of erosional topography in humid temperate regions. American Journal of Science 258A, 80-97.
46. Hancock, G. and Willgoose, G. 2001: Use of a landscape simulator in the validation of the SIBERIA catchment evolution model: declining equilibrium landforms. Water Resources Research 37, 1981-92.
47. Heimsath, A.M., Dietrich, W.E., Nishiizumi, K. and Finkel, R.C. 1997: The soil production function and landscape equilibrium. Nature 388, 358-61.
48. Higgins, C.G. 1975: Theories of landscape development: a perspective. In Melhorn, W.N. and Flemal, R.C., editors, Theories of landform development. Boston, MA: Allen and Unwin, 1-28.
49. Hirano, M. 1975: Simulation of developmental process of interfluvial slopes with reference to graded form. Journal of Geology 83, 113-23.
50. Hovius, N., Stark, C.P. and Allen, P.A. 1997: Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping. Geology 25, 231-34.
51. Hovius, N., Stark, C.P., Shu Hao-Tsu and Lin Jiun-Chuan 2000: Supply and removal of sediment in a landslide-dominated mountain belt: Central Range, Taiwan. Journal of Geology 108, 73-89.
52. Howard, A.D. 1997: Badland morphology and evolution: interpretation using a simulation model. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, 211-27.
53. Kelsey, H.M., Lamberson, R.L. and Madej, M.A. 1987: Stochastic model for the long-term transport of stored sediment in a river channel. Water Resources Research 23, 1738-50.
54. King, L. 1962: The morphology of the Earth. New York: Hafner.
55. Kirchner, J.W., Finkel, R.C., Riebe, C.S., Granger, D.E., Clayton, J.L. and Megahan, W.F. 2001: Episodic mountain erosion inferred from sediment yields over decades and millennia. Geology 29, 591-94.
56. Kirkby, M.J. 1967: Measurement and theory of soil creep. Journal of Geology 75, 359-78.
57. Kirkby, M.J. 1971: Hillslope process-response models based on the continuity equation. In Brunsden, D., editor, Slope form and process. London: Institute of British Geographers Special Publication 3, 15-30.
58. Kirkby, M.J. 1987a: The Hurst effect and its implications for extrapolating process rates. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 12, 57-67.
59. Kirkby, M.J. 1987b: General models of long-term slope evolution through mass movement. In Anderson, M.G. and Richards, K.S., editors, Slope stability. Chichester: Wiley, 359-79.
60. Kirkby, M.J. 1992: An erosion-limited hillslope evolution model. Catena supplement 23, 157-87.
61. Kooi, H. and Beaumont, C. 1994: Escarpment evolution on high-elevation rifted margins: insights derived from a surface processes model that combines diffusion, advection, and reaction. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 12191-209.
62. Kooi, H. 1996: Large-scale geomorphology: classical concepts reconciled and integrated with contemporary ideas via a surface processes model. Journal of Geophysical Research 101, 3361-86.
63. Koons, P.O. 1989: The topographic evolution of collisional mountain belts: a numerical look at the Southern Alps, New Zealand. American Journal of Science 289, 1041-69.
64. Luke, J.C. 1972: Mathematical models for landform evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research 77, 2460-64.
65. Macaire, J.J., Bellemlih, S., Di-Giovanni, C., De Luca, P., Visset, L. and Bernard, J. 2002: Sediment yield and storage variations in the Négron River catchment (south western Parisian Basin, France) during the Holocene period. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27, 991-1009.
66. MacGregor, K.C., Anderson, R.S., Anderson, S.P. and Waddington, E.D. 2000: Numerical simulations of glacial-valley longitudinal profile evolution. Geology 28, 1031-34.
67. Mark, D.M. and Aronson, P.B. 1984: Scale-dependent fractal dimensions of topographic surfaces: an empirical investigation, with applications in geomorphology and computer mapping. Mathematical Geology 16, 671-83.
68. Martin, Y. 2000: Modelling hillslope evolution: linear and nonlinear transport relations. Geomorphology 34, 1-21.
69. Martin, Y. and Church, M. 1997: Diffusion in landscape development models: on the nature of basic transport relations. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22, 273-79.
70. Martin, Y., Rood, K., Schwab, J. and Church, M. 2002: Sediment transfer by shallow landsliding in the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, 189-205.
71. Merritts, D. and Ellis, M. 1994: Introduction to special section of tectonics and topography. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 12135-41.
72. Molnar, P. and England, P.C. 1990: Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: chicken or egg? Nature 346, 29-34.
73. Montgomery, D. 2001: Slope distributions, threshold hillslopes, and steady-state topography. American Journal of Science 301, 432-54.
74. Montgomery, D.R. and Dietrich, W.E. 1994: A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding. Water Resources Research 30, 1153-71.
75. Montgomery, D.R., Balco, G. and Willett, S.D. 2001: Climate, tectonics and the mega-morphology of the Andes. Geology 29, 579-82.
76. Moretti, I. and Turcotte, D.L. 1985: A model for erosion, sedimentation and flexure with applications to New Caledonia. Journal of Geodynamics 3, 155-68.
77. Murray, A.B. 2002: Seeking explanation affects numerical modeling strategies. Eos (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union) 83, 418-19.
78. Nakamura, F. and Kikuchi, S. 1996: Some methodological developments in the analysis of sediment transport processes using age distribution of floodplain deposits. Geomorphology 16, 139-45.
79. Nakamura, F., Maita, H. and Araya, T. 1995: Sediment routing analyses based on chronological changes in hillslope and riverbed morphologies. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 20, 333-46.
80. 26Al. Geomorphology 45, 105-25.
81. Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K. and Belitz, K. 1994: Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science 263, 641-46.
82. Outcalt, S.I., Hinkel, K.M. and Nelson, F.E. 1994: Fractal physiography? Geomorphology 11, 91-106.
83. Paine, A.D.M. 1985: 'Ergodic' reasoning in geomorphology: time for a review of the term? Progress in Physical Geography 9, 1-15.
84. Penck, W. 1953: Morphological analysis of land-forms. Translated by H. Czech and K.C. Boswell. London: Macmillan.
85. Reid, L.M. and Dunne, T. 1996: Rapid evaluation of sediment budgets. Reiskirchen: Catena Verlag.
86. Rinaldo, A., Dietrich, W.E., Rigon, R., Vogel, G.K. and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. 1995: Geomorphological signatures of varying climate. Nature 374, 632-35.
87. Ring, U., Brandon, M.T., Willett, S. and Lister, G., editors., 1999: Exhumation processes: normal faulting, ductile flow and erosion. London: Geological Society of America Special Publication 154.
88. Roberts, R.G. and Church, M. 1986: The sediment budget in severely disturbed watersheds, Queen Charlotte Ranges, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, 1092-106.
89. Roering, J., Kirchner, J. and Dietrich, W. 1999: Evidence for nonlinear, diffusive sediment transport on hillslopes and implications for landscape morphology. Water Resources Research 25, 853-70.
90. Roering, J., 2001: Experimental hillslope evolution by nonlinear creep and landsliding. Geology 29, 143-46.
91. Schumm, S.A. 1977: The fluvial system. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
92. Schumm, S.A. and Lichty, R.L. 1965: Time, space and causality in geomorphology. American Journal of Science 263, 110-19.
93. Seidl, M.A., Dietrich, W.E. and Kirchner, J.W. 1994: Longitudinal profile development into bedrock: an analysis of Hawaiian channels. Journal of Geology 102, 457-74.
94. Smith, T. and Bretherton, F. 1972: Stability and the conservation of mass in drainage basin evolution. Water Resources Research 8, 1506-29.
95. Snyder, N.P., Whipple, K.X, Tucker, G.E. and Merritts, D.J. 2003: Channel response to tectonic forcing: field analysis of stream morphology and hydrology in the Mendocino triple junction region, northern California. Geomorphology 53, 97-127.
96. Steyn, D.G., Oke, T.R., Hay, J.E. and Knox, J.L. 1981: On scales in climatology and meteorology. Climatological Bulletin 30, 1-8.
97. Summerfield, M.A. 1991: Global geomorphology. Essex: Longman Scientific and Technical.
98. Summerfield, M.A. 2000: Geomorphology and global tectonics: introduction. In Summerfield, M.A., editor, Geomorphology and global tectonics. Chichester: Wiley, 3-12.
99. Thomas, M.F. and Summerfield, M.A. 1987: Long-term landform development: key themes and research problems. In Gardiner, V., editor, International geomorphology 1986 part II. Chichester: Wiley, 935-56.
100. Thorn, C.E. 1988: An introduction to theoretical geomorphology. Boston MA: Unwin Hyman.
101. Tucker, G.E. and Bras, R. 1998: Hillslope processes, drainage density, and landscape morphology. Water Resources Research 34, 2751-64.
102. Tucker, G.E. 2000: A stochastic approach to modeling the role of rainfall variability in drainage basin evolution. Water Resources Research 36, 1953-64.
103. Tucker, G.E. and Slingerland, R.L. 1994: Erosional dynamics, flexural isostasy, and long-lived escarpments: a numerical modeling study. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 12229-43.
104. Tucker, G.E. 1996: Predicting sediment flux from fold and thrust belts. Basin Research 8, 329-49.
105. Tucker, G.E., Lancaster, S.T., Gasparini, N.M., Bras, R.L. and Rybarczyk, S.M. 2001: An object-oriented framework for hydrologic and geomorphic modeling using triangulated irregular networks. Computers and Geosciences 27, 959-73.
106. Whipple, K.X. 2001: Fluvial landscape response time: how plausible is steady-state denudation? American Journal of Science 301, 313-25.
107. Whipple, K.X. and Tucker, G.E. 1999: Dynamics of the stream power river incision model: implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales and research needs. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 17661-74.
108. Willett, S. 1999: Orogeny and orography: the effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts. Journal of Geophysical Research 104, 28957-81.
109. Willett, S.D. and Brandon, M.T. 2002: On steady state in mountain belts. Geology 30, 175-78.
110. Willett, S.D., Slingerland, R. and Hovius, N. 2001: Uplift, shortening and steady state topography in active mountain belts. American Journal of Science 301, 455-85.
111. Willgoose, G. 1994: A statistic for testing the elevation characteristics of landscape simulation models. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 13987-96.
112. Willgoose G. and Hancock G. 1998: Hypsometric curves as an indicator of catchment form: revisited. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23, 611-23.
113. Willgoose, G., Bras, R.L. and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I. 1991a: A coupled channel network growth and hillslope evolution model: 1. Theory. Water Resources Research 27, 1671-84.
114. Willgoose, G., 1991b: A coupled channel network growth and hillslope evolution model: 2. Nondimensionalization and applications. Water Resources Research 27, 1685-96.
115. Wu, W. and Sidle, R.C. 1995: A distributed slope stability model for steep forested catchments. Water Resources Research 31, 2097-110.
116. Xu, T., Moore, I.D. and Gallant, J.C. 1993: Fractals, fractal dimensions and landscapes - a review. Geomorphology 8, 245-62.