A review of contributions of human tissue studies to biokinetics, bioeffects and dosimetry of plutonium in man

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

Volumn 109, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 399-407

  Kathren, Ronald L ^a  

^a WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLUTONIUM; RADIUM; URANIUM;

AUTOPSY; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BRAIN CANCER; DOSIMETRY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ETHICS; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; INDUSTRIAL WORKER; LEGAL ASPECT; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY; OSTEOSARCOMA; POPULATION RESEARCH; RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIATION RESPONSE; REVIEW; TOXICITY TESTING;

BIOETHICS; HUMANS; MALE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PLUTONIUM; RADIOMETRY; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 4444331260     PISSN: 01448420     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch316     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. McMillan, E. M. and Abelson, P. H. Radioactive element 93. Phys. Rev. 57, 1185-1186 (1940).
2. Seaborg, G. T., McMillan, E. M., Kennedy, J. W. and Wahl, A. C. Radioactivity of element 94 from deuterons on uranium. Phys. Rev. 69, 366 (1946).
3. Seaborg, G. T., Wahl, A. C. and Kennedy, J. W. A new element: radioactive element 94 from deuterons on uranium. Phys. Rev. 69, 367 (1946).
4. Smyth, H. D. A general account of the development of methods using atomic energy for military purposes under the auspices of the United States Government 1940-1945 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office) August (1945).
5. Stone, R. F., Ed. Industrial Medicine on the Plutonium Project (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company) (1951).
6. Kathren, R. L., Gough, J. B. and Benefiel, G. T., Eds. The Plutonium Story: The Journals of Professor Glenn T. Seaborg 1939-1946. (Columbus and Richland, WA: Battelle Press) pp. 368-370, 374, 378, 379, and others. (1994).
7. Hamilton, J. G. Metabolism of product. Metallurgical Laboratory Monthly Report CH-2383, 15 October, 1944; declassified 19 February, (1954).
8. Stannard, J. N. Radioactivity and health: a history. DOE/RL/01830T59 (DE88013791) (Richland, WA: Battelle Memorial Institute for the Office of Scientific and Technical Information). pp. 331-375 (1988).
9. Durbin, P. W. Plutonium in man: a twenty-five year review. UCRL-20850 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory) (1971).
10. Durbin, P. W. Plutonium in man: a new look at the old data. In: Radiobiology of Plutonium, Stover, B. J. and Jee, W. S. S. Eds., Chapter 7.2 (Salt Lake City, UT: The J. W. Press) pp. 469-530 (1972).
11. Langham, W. H., Bassett, S. H., Harris, P. S. and Carter, R. E. Distribution and excretion of plutonium administered intravenously to man. LA-1151 (Los Alamos, NM: University of California Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) (1950). [Reprinted in Health Phys. 38, 1031-1060 (1980)].
12. McInroy, J. F., Campbell, E. E., Moss, W. D., Tietjen, G. L., Eutsler, B. C. and Boyd, H. A. Plutonium in autopsy tissue: a revision and updating of data reported in LA-4875. Health Phys. 37, 1-136 (1979).
13. McInroy, J. F., Boyd, H. A. and Eutsler, B. C. Deposition and retention of plutonium in the United states general population. In: Actinides in Man and Animals, Wrenn, M. E. Ed. (Salt Lake City, UT: RD Press) pp. 161-179 (1979).
14. Nelson, I. C., Heid, K. R., Fuqua, P. A. and Mahoney, T. D. Plutonium in autopsy tissue samples. Health Phys. 22, 925-930 (1972).
15. Nelson, I. C., Thomas, V. W. and Kathren, R. L. Plutonium in south-central Washington State autopsy tissue samples-1970-1975. Health Phys. 65, 422-428 (1993).
16. Newton, C. E., Jr, Heid K. R., Larson, H. V. and Nelson, I. C. Tissue sampling for plutonium through an autopsy program. AEC Research and Development Report BNWL-SA-918 (Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest Laboratory) (1966).
17. Newton, C. E., Jr., Larson, H. V., Heid, K. R., Nelson, I. C., Fuqua, P. A., Norwood, W. D., Marks, S. and Mahoney, T. D. Tissue analysis for plutonium at autopsy. In Diagnosis and Treatment of Deposited Radionuclides; Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Hanford Biology Symposium Richland, WA, 15-17 May, 1967) Kornberg H. A. and Norwood, W. D., Eds. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation) pp. 460-468 (1968).
18. 239Pu in human tissues and bones. Radiol. Health Data Rep. 10, 47-50 (1969).
19. Fisenne, I. M., Cohen, N., Neton, J. W. and Perry, P. Fallout plutonium in human tissues from New York City. Radiat. Res. 83, 162-168 (1980).
20. 239,240Pu in human bone ash from Nepal and Australia: skeletal alpha dose.
21. Singh, N. P., Wrenn, M. E. and Ibrahim, S. Plutonium concentrations in human tissues: comparison to Thorium. Health Phys. 44 (Suppl. 1), 469-476 (1983).
22. Singh, N. P., Ibrahim, S. and Wrenn, M. E. The comparative distribution of plutonium and natural thorium in human autopsy tissues. In: Actinides in Man and Animals. Wrenn, M. E. Ed. (Salt Lake City, UT: RD Press) pp. 217-224 (1981).
23. Popplewell, D. S., Ham, G. J., Johnson, T. E. and Barry, S. F. Plutonium in autopsy tissues in Great Britain. Health Phys. 49, 304-309 (1985).
24. Popplewell, D. S. Plutonium in autopsy tissues in Great Britain. Radiol. Prot. Bull. 74, 10-12 (1986).
25. Popplewell, D. S., Ham, G. J., McCarthy, W. and Morgan, M. Isotopic composition of plutonium in human tissue samples determined by mass spectrometry. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 26, 313-316 (1989).
26. 239,240Pu in human autopsy samples - I. Preliminary report on a comparative study of different populations. J. Radiat. Res. (Japan) 22, 373-380 (1981).
27. Kawamura, H. and Tanaka, G. Actinides Concentrations in human tissues. Health Phys. 44(Suppl. 1), 451-456 (1983).
28. Okabayashi, H. and Watanabe, H. Concentration of plutonium in Japanese human bone. J. Radiat. Res. (Japan) 14, 363-368 (1973).
29. Okabayashi, H. Distribution of experimentally inhaled plutonium in rats and fallout plutonium in human organs. In: Biological Implications of Radionuclides Released from Nuclear Industries, Vol. 1, (Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency), pp. 371-383 (1979).
30. 137Cs: concentration in human organs of the Japanese. Arch. Eviron. Health 23, 446-450 (1971).
31. Takizawa, Y. Plutonium in Japanese tissues. J. Radiat. Res. (Japan) 23, 198-203 (1982).
32. Mussalo, H., Jaakola, T., Mietttinen, J. K. and Laitho, K. Distribution of plutonium fallout Southern Finns. Health Phys. 39, 245-255 (1980).
33. Mussalo, H., Jaakola, T., Mietttinen, J. K. and Laitho, K. Fallout plutonium in bone samples of Southern Finns. In: Actinides in Man and Animals Wrenn, M. E. Ed. (Salt Lake City, UT: RD Press), pp. 139-159 (1981).
34. Mussalo-Rauhamaa, H., Jaakola, T., Mietttinen, J. K. and Laitho, K. Plutonium in Finnish Lapps - an estimate of the gastrointestinal absorption of plutonium by man based on a comparison of plutonium content of Lapps and Southern Finns. Health Phys. 46, 549-559 (1984).
35. 238Pu in human tissues from the Federal Republic of Germany. Health Phys. 44 (Suppl. 1), 441-449 (1983).
36. 239Pu into the human body. Gig. Sanit. 4, 34-38 (1968).
37. Bennett, B. G. Transuranic element pathways to man. In: Transuranium Nuclides in the Environment, STI/PUB/410 (Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency), pp. 367-383 (1976).
38. International Commission on Radiological Protection. The metabolism of compounds of plutonium and other actinides. ICRP Publication 19 (Oxford: Pergamon Press) (1972).
39. Schulte, H. F. Memorandum to recipients of early version of report LA-4875, plutonium in autopsy tissue. 1 November 1973. Cited in Stannard, Ref. 11, pp. 1468-1469.
40. Russell, J. J., Sikov, M. R. and Kathren, R. L. Plutonium content of human placental tissues after occupational exposure. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 104, 231-236 (2003).
41. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Doses to the embryo and fetus from intakes of radionuclides by the mother. ICRP Publication 88 (Oxford: Elsevier Science) (2001).
42. Prosser, S. L., McCarthy, W. and Lands, C. The plutonium content of human fetal tissue and implications for fetal dose. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 55 49-55 (1994).
43. Weiner, R. E., McInroy, J. F. and Wegst, A. Determination of Environmental Levels of Pu, Am, U and Th in human fetal tissue. Health Phys. 49, 141 (1985).
44. Bruner, H. D. A plutonium registry. In: Diagnosis and Treatment of Deposited Radionuclides, (Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Hanford Biology Symposium Richland, WA, 15-17, May 1967). Kornberg, H. A. and Norwood, W. D. Eds., (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation) pp. 661-665 (1968).
45. Kathren, R. L. Scientific and administrative history of the United States transuranium and uranium registries. Technology 7, 165-180 (1999).
46. Khokhryakov, V. F, Menschikh, Z. H., Suslova, K. G., Kudryavtseva, T. I., Tokarskaya, Z. B., and Tomanov, S. A. Plutonium excretion model for the healthy man. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 53, 235-239 (1994).
47. Suslova, K. G., Filipy, R. E., Khokhyrakov, V. F., Romanov, S. A. and Kathren, R. L. Comparison of the dosimetry registry of the Mayak Industrial Association and the United States transuranium and uranium registries: A preliminary report. Radiat. Prot. Dosim 67, 13-22 (1996).
48. Norwood, W. D., Norcross, J. A., Newton, C. E., Jr. Hylton, D. B., and Lagerquist, C. Preliminary autopsy findings in U.S. transuranium registry cases. In: Radionuclide Carcinogenesis, CONF-720505 (Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service), pp. 465-474 (1972).
49. Norwood, W. D. and Newton, C. E., Jr. U.S. transuranium registry study of thirty autopsies. Health Phys. 28, 669-675 (1975).
50. Kathren, R. L., Heid, K. R. and Swint, M. J. Comparison of estimates of systemic Pu from urinary excretion with estimates from post-mortem tissue analysis. Health Phys. 53, 487-493 (1987).
51. Kathren, R. L. and McInroy, J. F. Comparison of systemic Pu deposition estimates from urinalysis and autopsy data in five whole body donors. Health Phys. 60, 481-488 (1991).
52. Kathren, R. L. Towards improved biokinetic models for actinides. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 53, 219-227 (1994).
53. Filipy, R. E. and Kathren, R. L. Changes in soft tissue concentrations of plutonium and americium with time after human occupational exposure. Health Phys. 70, 153-159 (1996).
54. Thomas, R. G., Healy, J. W. and McInroy, J. F. Plutonium partitioning among internal organs. Health Phys. 46, 839-844 (1984).
55. Hamilton, J. G. The metabolism of fission products and the heaviest elements. Radiology 49, 325-343 (1947).
56. 241Am in the Skeleton and Liver of U.S. transuranium registry autopsy cases. Health Phys. 54, 181-188 (1988).
57. Kathren, R. L., McInroy, J. F. and Swint, M. J. Actinide distribution in the human skeleton. Health Phys. 52, 179-192 (1987).
58. 241Am in four human skeletons. J. Radiol. Prot. 8, 67-76 (1988).
59. Filipy, R. E., Alldredge, J. R., Hall, C. A., McInroy, C. F., Glover, S. E. and Qualls, S. Estimation of the actinide skeletal content in humans based on bone samples collected at autopsy. Health Phys. 84, 34-45 (2003).
60. Lynch, T. P., Kathren, R. L., Dagle, G. E. and McInroy, J. F. Comparative skeletal distribution of plutonium and americium in man, monkey and baboon. Health Phys. 57(Suppl. 1), 81-88 (1988).
61. Singh, N. P. and Wrenn, M. E. Is the beagle dog an appropriate experimental animal for extrapolating date to humans on organ distribution pattern of U, Th, and Pu? Health Phys. 57(Suppl. 1), 91-96 (1989).
62. McInroy, J. F. and Kathren, R. L Plutonium content in marrow and mineralized bone in an occupationally exposed person, Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 32, 245-252 (1990).
63. Kathren, R. L., Strom D. J., Sanders, C. L., Filipy, R. E., McInroy, J. F. and Bistline, R. E. Distribution of plutonium, americium and uranium in human lungs and lymph nodes and relationship to smoking status. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 48, 307-315 (1993).
64. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP Publication 66. Ann. ICRP 23(1-3) (Oxford: Porgamon Press) (1994).
65. 2 in a whole body donor to the USTUR. Health Phys. 68, S76 (1995).
66. James, A. C., Filipy, R. E., Russell, J. J. and McInroy, J. F. USTUR case 0259 whole body donation: comprehensive test of the current ICRP models for the behavior of inhaled ceramic particles. Health Phys. 84, 2-14 (2003).
67. Suslova, K. G., Khokhryakov, V. F., Tokarskaya, Z. B., Nifatov, A. P., Krahenbuhl, M. P. and Miller, S. C. Extrapulmonary organ distribution of plutonium in healthy workers exposed by chronic inhalation at the Mayak Production Association. Health Phys. 82, 432-444 (2002).
68. Voelz, G. L. What we have learned about plutonium from human data. Health Phys. 29, 551-561 (1975).
69. Gold, B. and Kathren, R. L Causes of death in the USTUR cohort of 260 plutonium workers. Health Phys. 76, 234-240 (1998).
70. Khokhryakov, V. F., Suslova, K. G., Filipy, R. E., Alldredge, J. R., Aladova, E. E., Glover S. E. and Vostrtin, V. M. Metabolism and dosimetry of actinide elements in occupationally-exposed personnel of Russia and the United States: a summary progress report. Health Phys. 79, 63-71 (2000).
71. Neta, R. The promise of molecular epidemiology in defining the association between radiation and cancer. Health Phys. 79, 77-84 (2000).