Development of hybrid Bt cotton in China - A successful integration of transgenic technology and conventional techniques

Current Science

Volumn 86, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 778-782

  Dong, Hezhong ^a   Li, Weijiang ^a   Tang, Wei ^a   Zhang, Dongmei ^a  

^a SHANDONG PEANUT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM;

EID: 4444297167     PISSN: 00113891     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Perlak, F. et al., Plant J., 2001, 27, 489-501.
2. Edge, J. M., Benedict, J. H., Carroll, J. P. and Reding, H. K., J. Cotton Sci., 2001, 5, 121-136.
3. GRAIN Publications, 2001, http:/www.grain.org/publications/seed-01-12-2- en.cfm
4. Kyne, P. and Jones, D., Newswires. http://www.organicconsumers.org/ patent/chinacotton060702.cfm.
5. Huang, J., Rozelle, S., Pray, C. E. and Wang, Q., Science, 2002, 295, 674-677.
6. Pray, C. E., Huang, J. K., Hu, R. F. and Rozelle, S., Plant J., 2002, 31, 423-430.
7. Ismeal, Y. et al., Report for DFID Natural Resources Policy Research Programme, Project R7946, Department of International Development, London, UK, 2001.
8. Oaim, M. and Zilber, D., Science, 2003, 299, 900-903.
9. Cheng, G. L. and Liu, Y. X., http://www.msstate.edu/Entomology/v8n1/ art10.html
10. Sheng, C. F., Dong, L. and Sui, J. W., J. Natur. Disasters, 1993, 2, 20-23.
11. Du, M., Prospects of the World Cotton Market and the Chinese Cotton Industry in the New Millennium, Guilin, China, June, 2001.
12. Field trials were conducted in Hejian and Jixian county of Hebei province, Xiajin, Linqing, Huimin, Chengwu, Juye county of Shandong Province, and Sheyang and Dafeng County of Jiangsu Province in 2002. Three locations in each county were selected for testing 4 types of cotton varieties. Seeds of each variety were provided by SCRC at market price, with each variety as a treatment. Data were analysed with Microsoft Excel 2000, Microsoft Corporation, USA.
13. Customarily there are 4 types of cotton varieties in China. Cotton variety without Bt is called conventional cotton (CC), like CCRI 12; Hybrid cotton variety without Bt called hybrid cotton (HC); Conventional cotton variety with Bt called Bt cotton (BtC); Hybrid cotton variety with Bt called hybrid Bt cotton (BtC). Normally, Bt cottons consist of conventional BtC and HBtC. Main material varieties either tested or surveyed in the paper were: CCRI-12, Simian 3 or Simian 4 (CC); CCRI-028 or Suza-2 (HC); 33B, GK 12, GK 19, SGK 321, CCRI 41 or SCRC 16 (BtC); CCRI 29, CCRI 38 or SCRC 15 (HBtC).
14. Traxler, G. and Falck-Zepeda, J., Am. J. Agri. Econ., 1995, 77, 1-5.
15. Bennett, A., http://www.monsantoafrica.com/reports/bt_report/ BtCottonReport.html
16. Dong, H. Z., Li, W. J., Li, Z. H. and Tang, W., J. Skandong Agri. Sci., 1999, 3, 12-15.
17. Adamczyk, J. J. and Sumerford, D. V., J. Insect. Sci., 2001, 1, 13-16.
18. There are three major cotton-growing regions in China, including Yellow River region in northern China (35% of the total area), Yangtze River Region in Southern China (30% of the total area), and Northwest region (25% of the total area). Yangtze River Region is richer in economy and holds higher unit yield in cotton than Yellow River Region. With expensive labour and long frost-free duration for cotton growth, farmers in southern China prefer to grow cotton varieties with high yield potential, large boll size and vigorous growth. 33B and other BtC varieties do not accord with such properties, thus were rejected there.
19. Basu, A. K. and Paroda, R. S., http://www.apaari.org/success.htm, 1995
20. Chaudhry, M. R., 2nd Meeting of Asian Cotton Research and Development Network, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2002.
21. Dong, H. Z., Li, W. J., Li, Z. H. and Tang, W., Shandong Agri. Sci. 2000, 3, 14-17.
22. Hybrid seed is basically produced by hand-emasculation and hand-pollination at present in China. Flowers of female parent plants are emasculated in the afternoon one day pre-anthesis, and pollinated the next morning with pollens from the male parent plants. This process needs 30-60 labourers per ha and lasts for 40-45 days. Generally, hybrid seed yield per ha is 1500-1800 kg. The price of Bt hybrid seed per kg is usually 1-2 times higher than that of 33B, but the seeding rate per ha is 2-3 times lower with seed-saving technique.
23. Dong, H. Z., Li, W. J. and Zhang, X. K., Theory and Technology for High Quality Cotton Production, Shandong Press for Science and Technology, Jinan, China, 2002, pp. 125-130.
24. Transplanting of seedling, one of the techniques of intensive farming, has been widely used for cotton growing in China. Nutritive pot, made of soil and organic fertilizer, usually 5-6 cm in diameter and 12-15 cm high each, is prepared before planting. Each pot is planted with one seed only for raising cotton seedling. After the seedlings reach 2-3 true leaves stage, nutritive pots with seedlings are transplanted to the cotton fields. It is an effective seed-saving technique.
25. With a large labour power and poor mechanization, China has been attaching importance to intensive farming in cotton. Removal of vegetative branches by hand to save nutrition and avoid being overshadowed in cotton fields, is one of the most popular techniques. This operation is time and labour consuming. Since HBtC was applied, removal of vegetative branches has been saved, as this cotton holds high productivity per single plant and fits for sparse planting.
26. Zhang, B. H. and Wang, Q. L., http://nistads.res.in/contents/people/bc