Modeling the short- and long-duration responses to exogenous levodopa and to endogenous levodopa production in Parkinson's disease

Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 243-268

  Chan, Phylinda L S ^a   Nutt, John G ^b   Holford, Nicholas H G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^b PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

levodopa; long duration response; Parkinson's disease; pharmacodynamics; pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

CARBIDOPA; LEVODOPA;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG RESPONSE; ENERGY YIELD; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFUSION; MALE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS;

ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, INTRAVENOUS; LEVODOPA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PARKINSON DISEASE; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 4444289552     PISSN: 1567567X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:JOPA.0000039566.75368.59     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. M. V. Nelson, R. C. Berchou, P. A. Lewitt, D. Kareti, N. Kesaree, P. Schlick, and M. P. Galloway. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of L-dopa plasma concentrations and clinical effects in Parkinson's disease after Sinemet. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 12:91-97 (1989).
2. M. Contin, R. Riva, P. Martinelli, and A. Baruzzi. Pharmacodynamic modeling of oral levodopa: clinical application in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 43:367-371 (1993).
3. S. Harder, H. Baas, N. Bergemann, L. Demisch, and S. Rietbrock. Concentration-effect relationship of levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease after oral administration of an immediate release and a controlled release formulation. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 39:39-44 (1995).
4. M. D. Muenter and G. M. Tyce. L-dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease, plasma L-dopa concentration, therapeutic response, and side effects. Mayo Clin. Proc. 46:231-239 (1971).
5. C. L. Comella, J. Bohmer, and G. T. Stebbins. Sleep benefit in Parkinson's disease (Abstract). Mov. Disord. 45:A286 (1995).
6. L. J. Currie, J. P. Bennett, Jr., M. B. Harrison, J. M. Trugman, and G. F. Wooten. Clinical correlates of sleep benefit in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 48:1115-1117 (1997).
7. M. Merello, A. Hughes, C. Colosimo, M. Hoffman, S. Starkstein, and R. Leiguarda. Sleep benefit in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 12:506-508 (1997).
8. J. G. Nutt, J. H. Carter, and W. R. Woodward. Long-duration response to levodopa. Neurology 45:1613-1616 (1995).
9. J. G. Nutt, J. H. Carter, L. Van Houten, and W. R. Woodward. Short- and long-duration responses to levodopa during the first year of levodopa therapy. Ann. Neurol. 42:349-355 (1997).
10. D. E. Bateman, K. Levett, and C. D. Marsden. Sleep benefit in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 67:384-385 (1999).
11. J. G. Nutt, W. R. Woodward, J. H. Carter, and S. T. Gancher. Effect of long-term therapy on the pharmacodynamics of levodopa. Relation to On-Off phenomenon. Arch. Neurol. 49:1123-1130 (1992).
12. J. G. Nutt, J. H. Carter, and W. R. Woodward. Effect of brief levodopa holidays on the short-duration response to levodopa. Evidence for tolerance to the antiparkinsonian effects. Neurology 44:1617-1622 (1994).
13. W. R. Gibb and A. J. Lees. The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 51:745-752 (1988).
14. A. J. Hughes, Y. Ben-Shlomo, S. E. Daniel, and A. J. Lees. What features improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in Parkinson's disease: a clinicopathologic study. Neurology 42:1142-1146 (1992).
15. D. J. Gelb, E. Oliver, and S. Gilman. Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch. Neurol. 56:33-39 (1999).
16. J. G. Nutt, W. R. Woodward, J. P. Hammerstad, J. H. Carter, and J. L. Anderson. The "On-Off" phenomenon in Parkinson's disease. Relation to levodopa absorption and transport. N. Engl. J. Med. 310:483-488 (1984).
17. S. T. Gancher, J. G. Nutt, and W. R. Woodward. Peripheral pharmacokinetics of levodopa in untreated, stable and fluctuating parkinsonian patients. Neurology 37:940-944 (1987).
18. N. H. G. Holford. A size standard for pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 30:329-332 (1996).
19. J. G. Wagner. Linear Compartment Models. In: Fundamentals of Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 1st ed. Hamilton: Drug Intelligence Publications, INC (1975). pp. 57-128.
20. N. H. G. Holford and L. B. Sheiner. Understanding the dose-effect relationship: clinical application of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 6:429-453 (1981).
21. N. H. G. Holford. MK Model, a Quantitative Modeling System for Pharmacologists. In. 5th ed. Cambridge. MA: Biosoft (1994).
22. G. A. F. Seber and C. J. Wild. Statistical Inference. In: Nonlinear Regression. New York: Wiley Interscience (1989), pp. 191-269.
23. G. Schwarz. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Stat. 6:649-657 (1978).
24. S. Harder and H. Baas. Concentration-response relationship of levodopa in patients with different stages of Parkinson's disease. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 64:183-191 (1998).
25. Z. Elkoshi. Concentration-effect relationship following levodopa/carbidopa administration to "On-Off" parkinsonian patients. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 17:147-164 (1994).
26. R. A. Hauser and N. H. G. Holford. Quantitative description of loss of clinical benefit following withdrawal of levodopa-carbidopa and bromocriptine in early Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 17:961-968 (2002).
27. J. G. Nutt, W. R. Woodward, and J. L. Anderson. The effect of carbidopa on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered levodopa. The mechanism of action in the treatment of parkinsonism. Ann. Neurol. 18:537-543 (1985).
28. R. J. Hardie, S. L. Malcolm, A. J. Lees, G. M. Stern, and J. G. Allen. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease who exhibit on-off fluctuations. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 22:429-436 (1986).
29. G. Fabbrini, J. Juncos, M. M. Mouradian, C. Serrati, and T. N. Chase. Levodopa pharmacokinetic mechanisms and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 21:370-376 (1987).
30. M. Contin, R. Riva, P. Matinelli, and A. Baruzzi. Kinetic-dynamic relationship of oral levodopa: possible biphasic response after sequential doses in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. 7:244-248 (1992).
31. E. J. Triggs, B. G. Charles, M. Contin, P. Martinelli, P. Cortelli, R. Riva, F. Albani, and A. Baruzzi. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral levodopa in parkinsonian patients. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 51:59-67 (1996).
32. M. Contin, R. Riva, P. Martinelli, P. Cortelli, F. Albani, and A. Baruzzi. Longitudinal monitoring of the levodopa concentration-effect relationship in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 44:1287-1292 (1994).
33. J. G. Nutt and N. H. G. Holford. The response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease: imposing pharmacological law and order. Ann. Neurol. 39:561-573 (1996).
34. R. D. Sweet, J. E. Lee, H. E. Spiegel, and F. McDowell. Enhanced response to low dose of levodopa after withdrawal from chronic treatment. Neurology 22:520-525 (1972).
35. L. K. Direnfeld, R. G. Feldman, M. P. Alezander, and M. Kelly-Hayes. Is L-dopa drug holiday useful? Neurology 30:785-788 (1980).
36. W. J. Weiner, W. C. Koller, S. Perlik, P. A. Nausieda, and H. L. Klawans. Drug holiday and management of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 30:1257-1261 (1980).
37. C. G. Goetz, C. M. Tanner, and P. A. Nausieda. Weekly drug holiday in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 31:1460-1462 (1981).
38. G. P. Sechi, F. Tanda, and R. Mutani. Fatal hyperpyrexia after withdrawal of levodopa. Neurology. 34:249-251 (1984).
39. R. Mayeux, Y. Stern, K. Mulvey, and L. Cote. Reappraisal of temporary levodopa withdrawal ("Drug Holiday") in Parkinson's disease. New England J. Medicine 313:724-728 (1985).
40. L. A. Wade and R. Katzman. 3-O-Methyldopa uptake and inhibition of L-dopa at the blood brain barrier. Life Sci. 17:131-136 (1975).
41. M. M. Mouradian, J. L. Juncos, G. Fabbrini, J. Schlegel, J. J. Bartko, and T. N. Chase. Motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: central pathophysiological mechanisms, Part II. Ann. Neurol. 24:372-378 (1988).
42. R. de la Fuente-Fernandez, T. J. Ruth, V. Sossi, M. Schulzer, D. B. Calns, and A. J. Stoessl. Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease. Science 293:1164-1166 (2001).
43. J. A. Straus and S. von Ammon Cavanaugh. Placebo effects. Issues for clinical practice in psychiatry and medicine. Psychosomatics 37:315-326 (1996).