The mismeasure of masculinity: The male body, 'race' and power in the enumerative discourses of the NFL draft

Patterns of Prejudice

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 301-320

  Oates, Thomas P ^b   Durham, Meenakshi Gigi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Corporeal theory; Eugenics; Football; Gender; Ideology; Masculinity; Media; NFL Draft; Power; Race; Sport

Indexed keywords

EID: 4444262277     PISSN: 0031322X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0031322042000250475     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Kenneth Dutton, The Perfectible Body: The Western Ideal of Male Physical Development (New York: Continuum 1995).
2. George L. Hersey, The Evolution of Allure: Sexual Selection from the Medici Venus to the Incredible Hulk (Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press 1996), 45.
3. Stephen Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (New York: Norton 1981).
4. Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1996).
5. Sarah Banet-Weiser, The Most Beautiful Girl in the World: Beauty Pageants and National Identity (Berkeley: University of California Press 1999); Susan Bordo, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body (Berkeley: University of California Press 1993).
6. Sarah Banet-Weiser, The Most Beautiful Girl in the World: Beauty Pageants and National Identity (Berkeley: University of California Press 1999); Susan Bordo, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body (Berkeley: University of California Press 1993).
7. Jill Lieber, 'Audience adds kick: thousands of fans throw a party at Garden', USA Today, 17 April 2000, C1.
8. Susan Jeffords, Hard Bodies (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press 1994); Jackson Katz, 'Advertising and the construction of violent white masculinity', in Gail Dines and Jean Humez (eds), Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text Reader (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 1995), 133-41; Susan Bordo, The Male Body (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2000); Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1995).
9. Susan Jeffords, Hard Bodies (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press 1994); Jackson Katz, 'Advertising and the construction of violent white masculinity', in Gail Dines and Jean Humez (eds), Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text Reader (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 1995), 133-41; Susan Bordo, The Male Body (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2000); Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1995).
10. Susan Jeffords, Hard Bodies (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press 1994); Jackson Katz, 'Advertising and the construction of violent white masculinity', in Gail Dines and Jean Humez (eds), Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text Reader (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 1995), 133-41; Susan Bordo, The Male Body (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2000); Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1995).
11. Jeffords, Hard Bodies (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press 1994); Jackson Katz, 'Advertising and the construction of violent white masculinity', in Gail Dines and Jean Humez (eds), Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text Reader (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 1995), 133-41; Susan Bordo, The Male Body (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux 2000); Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1995).
12. Robert W. Connell, Masculinities (Berkeley: University of California Press 1995), 77.
13. Tim Curry, 'Fraternal bonding in the locker room: a pro-feminist analysis of talk about competition and women', Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, 1990, 119-35; Michael Messner, 'When bodies are weapons: masculinity and violence in sport', International Review for the Sociology of Sport, vol. 25, no. 3, 1990, 203-20.
14. Tim Curry, 'Fraternal bonding in the locker room: a pro-feminist analysis of talk about competition and women', Sociology of Sport Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, 1990, 119-35; Michael Messner, 'When bodies are weapons: masculinity and violence in sport', International Review for the Sociology of Sport, vol. 25, no. 3, 1990, 203-20.
15. Ibid. Katz.
16. Messner.
17. Harry Edwards, 'The collegiate athletic arms race: origins and implications of the "Rule 48" controversy', Journal of Sport and Social Issues, vol. 8, no. 1, winter/spring 1989.
18. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London: Routledge 1990); Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge 1996); Bordo, Unbearable Weight; Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction (New York: Vintage 1978); Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon 1980).
19. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London: Routledge 1990); Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge 1996); Bordo, Unbearable Weight; Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction (New York: Vintage 1978); Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon 1980).
20. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London: Routledge 1990); Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge 1996); Bordo, Unbearable Weight; Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction (New York: Vintage 1978); Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon 1980).
21. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London: Routledge 1990); Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge 1996); Bordo, Unbearable Weight; Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction (New York: Vintage 1978); Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon 1980).
22. Judith Butler, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity (London: Routledge 1990); Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of 'Sex' (New York: Routledge 1996); Bordo, Unbearable Weight; Michel Foucault, History of Sexuality, Volume One: An Introduction (New York: Vintage 1978); Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977 (New York: Pantheon 1980).
23. Paula A. Treichler, 'Feminism, medicine, and the meaning of childbirth', in Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller and Sally Shuttleworth (eds), Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science (London: Routledge 1990), 113-38.
24. Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller and Sally Shuttleworth, 'Introduction', in Jacobus, Fox Keller and Shuttleworth (eds), 6.
25. Robert Rydell, All the World's a Fair Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1984); Christopher A. Vaughan, 'Ogling Irogots: the politics and commerce of exhibiting cultural otherness, 1898-1913', in Rosemarie Garland Thomson (ed.), Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body (New York: New York University Press 1996), 219-33.
26. Robert Rydell, All the World's a Fair Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1984); Christopher A. Vaughan, 'Ogling Irogots: the politics and commerce of exhibiting cultural otherness, 1898-1913', in Rosemarie Garland Thomson (ed.), Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body (New York: New York University Press 1996), 219-33.
27. Quoted in Rydell, 166.
28. 'A novel athletic contest', World's Fair Bulletin, vol. 5, September 1904, 50.
29. I b i d.
30. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Vintage 1977), 190.
31. Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1982), 159-60.
32. Ian Hacking, 'How should we do the history of statistics?', in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller (eds), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1991).
33. See Walter Johnson, Soul by Soul: Inside the Antebellum Slave Market (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 2001).
34. Appaduri, 118.
35. Ibid., 119.
36. Ibid., 120.
37. Richard M. Lerner, Final Solutions; Biology, Prejudice, and Genocide (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press 1992).
38. Banet-Weiser, 55.
39. 'NFL Network to provide unprecedented coverage of the NFL Scouting Combine', 12 February 2004, available at www.nfl.com/nflnetwork/story/7083320 (viewed 5 May 2004).
40. William Rhoden, 'NFL meat market opens for business', New York Times, 25 February 2001, A24.
41. I b i d.
42. Tim Green, The Dark Side of the Game (New York: Warner 1996), 6-7.
43. Ibid., 7.
44. Pierce Scranton, Playing Hurt: Treating and Evaluating the Warriors of the NFL (New York: Brasseys 2001), 7.
45. Warren Anderson and Tim McClellan, 'Combine crunch', April 2000, available at www.momentummedia.com/articles/tc/tc1203/crunch.htm (viewed 4 May 2004).
46. Vince Carucci, 'Sizing up prospects is a year-round job', NFL Insider, April-May 2000, available at www.nfl.com/ce/feature/0,3783,5192903,00.html (viewed 4 May 2004).
47. I b i d.
48. 'Outside the lines: does character count in the NFL draft?', transcript of ESPN broadcast, Sunday, 9 April 2000, available at http://sports.espn.go.com/ page2/tvlistings/show2transcript.html (viewed 4 May 2004).
49. I b i d.
50. Joel Buchsbaum and the editors of Pro Football Weekly, Pro Football Weekly 2002 Draft Preview (Northbrook, IL: Pro Football Weekly 2002); Mel Kiper, Mel Kiper Jr's 2002 Draft Report (Jarrettsville, MD: Mel Kiper Enterprises 2002); Sporting News Pro Football Draft Guide 2002 (St Louis, MO: Sporting News 2002).
51. Joel Buchsbaum and the editors of Pro Football Weekly, Pro Football Weekly 2002 Draft Preview (Northbrook, IL: Pro Football Weekly 2002); Mel Kiper, Mel Kiper Jr's 2002 Draft Report (Jarrettsville, MD: Mel Kiper Enterprises 2002); Sporting News Pro Football Draft Guide 2002 (St Louis, MO: Sporting News 2002).
52. Joel Buchsbaum and the editors of Pro Football Weekly, Pro Football Weekly 2002 Draft Preview (Northbrook, IL: Pro Football Weekly 2002); Mel Kiper, Mel Kiper Jr's 2002 Draft Report (Jarrettsville, MD: Mel Kiper Enterprises 2002); Sporting News Pro Football Draft Guide 2002 (St Louis, MO: Sporting News 2002).
53. Buchsbaum et al., 2.
54. Ibid., 41.
55. Ibid., 178.
56. I b i d.
57. Kiper, 119.
58. I b i d.
59. Ibid., 41.
60. Ibid., 69.
61. Ibid., 9.
62. Sporting News, 10.
63. I b i d.
64. Jon Entine's bestseller, Taboo: Why Black Athletes Dominate Sports and Why We're Afraid to Talk about It (New York: Public Affairs 2001), is a good example of this kind of engagement with race and sport.
65. Jon Saraceno, 'Keeping score', USA Today, 2 October 2002, 3C.
66. Leola Johnson and David Roediger, 'Hertz don't it? Becoming colorless and staying black in the crossover of O. J. Simpson', in Toni Morrison (ed.), Birth of a Nation 'Hood: Gaze, Script and Spectacle in the O. J. Simpson Case (New York: Pantheon 1997), 197-239.
67. Ibid., 230.
68. Sut Jhally, 'Cultural studies and the sports/media complex', in Lawrence Wenner, Media, Sports and Society (Newbury Park, CA: Sage 1989); George Sage, Power and Ideology in American Sport: A Critical Perspective (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics 1998).
69. Sut Jhally, 'Cultural studies and the sports/media complex', in Lawrence Wenner, Media, Sports and Society (Newbury Park, CA: Sage 1989); George Sage, Power and Ideology in American Sport: A Critical Perspective (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics 1998).
70. Luke Cyphers, 'Hot startups', ESPN: The Magazine, 17 April 2000, 81.
71. Bordo, Unbearable Weight.
72. John Berger, Ways of Seeing (London: BBC and Penguin 1987).
73. Bordo, Unbearable Weight, 192.