Inciting genocide, pleading free speech

World Policy Journal

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 62-69

  Benesch, Susan ^a  

^a AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4444239948     PISSN: 07402775     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/07402775-2004-3001     Document Type: Review

References (22)

1. The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, Hassan Ngeze, Case No. ICTR-99-52-T, Judgement and Sentence, December 3, 2003.
2. Ibid, p. 147.
3. See, for example, William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (New York: Simon and Schusrer, 1960), p. 189.
4. Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadič, Opinion and Judgement, IT-94-1, May 7, 1997, para. 96.
5. For good accounts of the debate over jamming, see Samantha Power, "A Problem From Hell": America and the Age of Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 2002), p. 371; and William A. Schabas, "Hate Speech in Rwanda: The Road to Genocide," McGill Law Journal, 141:46 (2000), p. 148.
6. For good accounts of the debate over jamming, see Samantha Power, "A Problem From Hell": America and the Age of Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 2002), p. 371; and William A. Schabas, "Hate Speech in Rwanda: The Road to Genocide," McGill Law Journal, 141:46 (2000), p. 148.
7. Plea Agreement between Jean Kambanda and the OTP, cited in The Prosecutor v. Jean Kambanda, Case No. ICTR 97-23-S, Judgement and Sentence, September 4, 1998.
8. See, for example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), p. 27; Helen Fein, Accounting for Genocide: National Responses and Jewish Victimization during the Holocaust (New York: Free Press, 1984), p. 33.
9. See, for example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), p. 27; Helen Fein, Accounting for Genocide: National Responses and Jewish Victimization during the Holocaust (New York: Free Press, 1984), p. 33.
10. UNAOR A/C.6/SR 84, 21 Sept.-10 Dec. 1948, p. 219
11. Fein, Accounting for Genocide, p. 33, n.7.
12. The Trial of German Major War Criminals, Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany, vol. 22, 1949, p. 501.
13. Philip Gourevitch, We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998), p. 186.
14. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (Arlington Heights, Ill.: Harlan Davidson, 1947), p. 55.
15. The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Case No. ICTR-96-4-T, Indictment, February 16, 1996, para. 14.
16. The Prosecutor v. Jean-Paul Akayesu, Judgement, September 2, 1998, para. 33.
17. Ibid., para. 559.
18. Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003).
19. This point is illustrated by the European Court of Human Rights case, Jersild v. Denmark, September 23, 1994, in which the court overruled the conviction of a journalist for airing an interview with virulently racist youths. The journalist's skeptical questions were judged to have distanced him sufficiently from his subjects' views.
20. The Prosecutor v. Georges Ruggiu, Case No. ICTR 97-32-I, Judgement and Sentence, June 1, 2000.
21. Mugesera v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), Federal Court of Appeal, September 8, 2003.
22. The Prosecutor Against Simon Bikindi, Indictment, Case No. ICTR 2001-72-I, June 27, 2001.