Can tutors monitor students' understanding accurately?

Cognition and Instruction

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 363-387

  Chi, Michelene T H ^a   Siler, Stephanie A ^a   Jeong, Heisawn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 4444224717     PISSN: 07370008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s1532690xci2203_4     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Bloom, B. S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16.
2. Brown, J. S., & VanLehn, K. (1980). Repair theory: A generative theory of bugs in procedural skills. Cognitive Science, 4, 379-426.
3. Chi, M. T. H. (1996). Constructing self-explanations and scaffolded explanations in tutoring. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, S33-S49.
4. Chi, M. T. H. (2000). Self-explaining: The dual processes of generating inferences and repairing mental models. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (pp. 161-238). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
5. Chi, M. T. H. (in press). Commonsense conceptions of emergent processes: Why some misconceptions are robust. Journal of the Learning Sciences.
6. Chi, M. T. H., de Leeuw, N., Chiu, M. H., & LaVancher, C. (1994). Eliciting self-explanations improves understanding. Cognitive Science, 18, 439-477.
7. Chi, M. T. H., & Roscoe, R. D. (2002). The processes and challenges of conceptual change. In M. Limon & L. Mason (Eds.), Reconsidering conceptual change: Issues in theory and practice (pp. 3-27). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
8. Chi, M. T. H., Siler, S. A., Jeong, H., Yamauchi, T., & Hausmann, R. (2001). Learning from human tutoring. Cognitive Science, 25, 471-533.
9. Cho, B. I., Michael, J. A., Rovick, A. A., & Evens, M. W. (2000). An analysis of multiple tutoring protocols. In G. Gauthier, C. Frasson, & K. VanLehn (Eds.), Intelligent tutoring systems: 5th international conference (pp. 212-221). Berlin: Springer.
10. Clark, H., & Schaefer, E. F. (1989). Contributing to discourse. Cognitive Science, 13, 259-294.
11. Cohen, P. A., Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C. L. C. (1982). Educational outcomes of tutoring: A meta-analysis of findings. American Educational Research Journal, 19, 237-248.
12. Collins, A., & Stevens, A. (1982). Goals and methods for inquiry teachers. In R. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 65-119). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
13. de Leeuw, N. (1993). Students' beliefs about the circulatory system: Are misconceptions universal? In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 389-393). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
14. Fitz-Gibbon, C. T. (1977). An analysis of the literature of cross-age tutoring. Washington, DC: National Institute of Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 148 807)
15. Gentner, D., & Stevens, A. L. (1983). Mental models. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
16. Graesser, A. C., Person, N., & Magliano, J. (1995). Collaborative dialog patterns in naturalistic one-on-one tutoring. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 359-387.
17. Jeong, H. (1998). Knowledge co-construction during collaborative learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
18. Katz, S., Allbritton, D., & Connelly, J. (2003). Going beyond the problem giver: How human tutors use post-solution discussions to support transfer. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 13, 79-116.
19. McArthur, D., Stasz, C., & Zmuidzinas, M. (1990). Tutoring techniques in algebra. Cognition and Instruction, 7, 197-244.
20. Merrill, D. C., Reiser, B. J., Ranney, M., & Trafton, J. G. (1992). Effective tutoring techniques: A comparison of human tutors and intelligent tutoring systems. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2, 277-306.
21. Putnam, R. T. (1987). Structuring and adjusting content for students: A study of live and simulated tutoring of addition. American Educational Research Journal, 24, 13-48.
22. Rochelle, J. (1992). Learning by collaboration: Convergent conceptual change. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3&4, 235-276.
23. Stevens, A. L., & Collins, A. (1977). The goal structure of a Socratic tutor. In Proceedings of Association for Computing Machinery National Conference (pp. 256-263). New York: ACM Press.
24. Towle, A. (1989). Modern biology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
25. Vosniadou, S., & Brewer, W. F. (1992). Mental models of the earth: A study of conceptual change in childhood. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 535-585.