Chapter 13 Geochemistry of Heavy Minerals

Developments in Sedimentology

Volumn 58, Issue , 2007, Pages 345-391

  Mange, Maria A ^a   Morton, Andrew C ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Giddanmu   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

apatite; chrome spinel; garnet; heavy mineral chemistry; microbeam techniques; single mineral (varietal) analysis; tourmaline

Indexed keywords

EID: 44349134381     PISSN: 00704571     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0070-4571(07)58013-1     Document Type: Review

References (180)

1. Acquafredda P., Fornelli A., Piccarreta G., and Summa V. Provenance and tectonic implications of heavy minerals in Pliocene-Pleistocene siliciclastic sediments of the southern Apennines, Italy. Sedimentary Geology 113 (1997) 149-159
2. Allen P.A., and Mange-Rajetzky M.A. Sedimentary evolution of the Devonian-Carboniferous Clair Field, offshore northwestern UK: impact of changing provenance. Marine and Petroleum Geology 9 (1992) 29-52
3. Arai S. Chemistry of chromian spinel in volcanic rocks as a potential guide to magma chemistry. Mineralogical Magazine 56 (1992) 173-184
4. Arai S., Kadoshima K., Manjoorsa M.V., David C.P., and Kida M. Chemistry of detrital chromian spinels as an insight into petrological characteristics of their source peridotites: an example from the Ilocos Norte ophiolite, northern Luzon, Philippines. Journal of Mineralogy, Petrology, Economic Geology 92 (1997) 137-141
5. Arai S., Kadoshima K., and Morishite T. Widespread arc-related melting in the mantle section of the northern Oman ophiolite as inferred from detrital chromian spinels. Journal of the Geological Society of London 163 (2006) 869-879
6. Arai S., and Okada H. Petrology of serpentine sandstone as a key to tectonic development of serpentine belts. Tectonophysics 195 (1991) 65-81
7. Árgyelán G.B. Geochemical investigations of detrital chrome spinels as a tool to detect an ophiolitic source area (Gerecse Mountains, Hungary). Acta Geologica Hungarica 39 (1996) 341-368
8. Asiedu D.K., Suzuki S., and Shibata T. Compositions of detrital spinels from Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group Hyogo Prefecture, Japan: constraints on source lithology and tectonic setting. Journal of Mineralogy, Petrology, Economic Geology 93 (1998) 27-41
9. Asiedu D.K., Suzuki S., and Shibata T. Provenance of sandstones from the Wakino Subgroup of the Lower Cretaceous Kanmon Group, northern Kyushu, Japan. The Island Arc 9 (2000) 128-144
10. Asiedu D.K., Suzuki S., and Shibata T. Provenance of sandstones from the Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group, Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. Sedimentary Geology 131 (2000) 9-24
11. Aubrecht R., and Kristin J. Provenance of detrital tourmaline in the Lower Jurassic of the Male Karpaty Mtns. Mineralia Slovaca 27 (1995) 37-44
12. Ayers J.C., and Watson E.B. Solubility of apatite, monazite, zircon, and rutile in supercritical aqueous fluids with implications for subduction zone geochemistry. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Series A 335 (1993) 365-375
13. Balan E., Neuville D.R., Trocellier P., Fritsch E., Muller J.-P., and Calas G. Metamictization and chemical durability of detrital zircon. American Mineralogist 86 (2001) 1025-1033
14. Barnes S.J., and Roeder P.L. The range of spinel compositions in terrestrial mafic and ultramafic rocks. Journal of Petrology 42 (2001) 2279-2302
15. Basu B., and Molinaroli E. Reliability and application of detrital opaque Fe-Ti oxide minerals in provenance determination. In: Morton A.C., Todd S.P., and Haughton P.D.W. (Eds). Developments in Sedimentary Provenance Studies vol. 57 (1991), Geological Society of London Special Publication 55-65
16. Baturin, V.P., 1947. Petrographical analysis of the geological past using terrigene components. Academy of Science, USSR (in Russian).
17. Belousova E.A., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Fisher N.I. Igneous zircon: trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143 (2002) 602-622
18. Belousova E.A., Griffin W.L., O'Reilly S.Y., and Fisher N.I. Apatite as an indicator mineral for mineral exploration: trace-element compositions and their relationship to host rock type. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 76 (2002) 45-69
19. Brammall A. Dartmoor detritals: a study in provenance. Proceedings of the Geologists Association 39 (1928) 27-48
20. Budzinski H., and Tischendorf G. Distribution of REE among minerals in the Hercynian postkinematic granites of Westerzgebirge-Vogtland, GDR. Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften 17 (1989) 1019-1031
21. Carter, A., 2007. Heavy minerals and detrital fission-track thermochronology. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
22. Cawood P.A. Modal composition of detrital clinopyroxene geochemistry of lithic sandstones from the New England Fold Belt (east Australia): a Palaeozoic terrane forearc. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94 (1983) 1199-1214
23. Cawood P.A. Characterisation of intra-oceanic magmatic arc source terranes by provenance studies of derived sediments. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 34 (1991) 347-358
24. Cawood P.A. Nature and record of igneous activity in the Tonga arc, SW Pacific, deduced from the phase chemistry of derived detrital grains. In: Morton A.C., Todd S.P., and Haughton P.D.W. (Eds). Developments in Sedimentary Provenance Studies vol. 57 (1991), Geological Society of London Special Publication 305-321
25. Cawood P.A., Nemchin A.A., Smith M., and Loewy S. Source of the Dalradian Supergroup constrained by U-Pb dating of detrital zircon and implications for the East Laurentian margin. Journal of the Geological Society of London 160 (2003) 231-246
26. Chang L.L.Y., Howie R.A., and Zussman J. Rock-forming minerals, volume 5B: Non-silicates: Sulphates, Carbonates, Phosphates and Halides. 2nd ed (1998), Geological Society, London 383pp
27. 2O. American Journal of Science 283-A Orville volume (1983) 72-96
28. Cookenboo H.O., Bustin R.M., and Wilks K.R. Detrital chromian spinel compositions used to reconstruct the tectonic setting of provenance: implication for orogeny in the Canadian Cordillera. Journal of Sedimentary Research 67 (1997) 116-123
29. Coombs D.S., Kawachi Y., Houghton B.F., Hyden G., Pringle I.J., and Williams J.G. Andradite and andradite-grossular solid solutions in very low grade regionally metamorphosed rocks in southern New Zealand. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 63 (1973) 229-246
30. Čopjakovǎ R., Sulovský P., and Paterson B.A. Major and trace elements in garnets from Variscan Moldanubian felsic granulites as sediment provenance indicators, Lithos 82 (2005) 51-70
31. Corfu, F., 2001. Zircon, the petrogenetic messenger: how well do we understand its message? Eleventh Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference. Abstract.
32. Corfu F., Hanchar J.M., Hoskin P.W.O., and Kinny P. Atlas of zircon textures. In: Hanchar J.M., and Hoskin P.W.O. (Eds). Zircon: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry vol. 53 (2003), Mineralogical Society of America 469-500
33. Darby D.A. Trace elements in ilmenite: a way to discriminate provenance or age of coastal sands. Geological Society of America Bulletin 95 (1984) 1208-1218
34. Darby D.A., and Tsang Y.W. Variation in ilmenite element composition within and among drainage basins: implications for provenance. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 57 (1987) 831-838
35. Dasgupta S., and Pal S. Origin of grandite garnet in calc-silicate granulites: mineral-fluid equilibria and petrogenetic grids. Journal of Petrology 46 (2005) 1045-1076
36. Davies D.K. Shelf sedimentation: an example from the Jurassic of Britain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 37 (1969) 1344-1370
37. Deer W.A., Howie R.A., and Zussman J. The Rock-Forming Minerals (1992), Longman, London 696pp
38. Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J., 1997. Rock-forming minerals, volume 1A: Orthosilicates (2nd ed.). Geological Society, London, 919pp.
39. Dewey J., and Mange M. Petrography of Ordovician and Silurian sediments in the Western Irish Caledonides: tracers of a short-lived Ordovician continent-arc collision orogeny and the evolution of the Laurentian Appalachian/Caledonian margin. In: Mac Niocaill C., and Ryan P.D. (Eds). Continental Tectonics vol. 164 (1999), Geological Society of London Special Publication 55-107
40. Dick H.J.B., and Bullen T. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator in abyssal and alpine-type peridotites and spatially associated lavas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 86 (1984) 54-76
41. Dill H.G. Can REE patterns and U-Th variations be used as a tool to determine the origin of apatite in crustal rocks?. Sedimentary Geology 92 (1994) 175-196
42. Droop G.T.R., and Harte B. The effect of Mn on the phase relations of medium grade pelites: constraints from natural assemblages on petrogenetic grid topology. Journal of Petrology 36 (1995) 1549-1578
43. Durn, G., Aljinović, D., Crnjaković, M., Bocko Lugović, B., 2007. Heavy and light fractions indicate polygenesis of extensive terra rossa soils in Istria, Croatia. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
44. Faupl, P., Pavlopoulos, A., Migiros, G., 2007. Provenance of flysch sediments and the Palaeogene-Early Miocene geodynamic evolution of the Hellenides: a contribution from heavy mineral investigations. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
45. Faupl P., Petrakakis K., Migiros G., and Pavlopoulos A. Detrital blue amphiboles from the western Othrys Mountain and their relationship to the blueschist terrains of the Hellenides (Greece). International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau) 91 (2002) 433-444
46. Fedo C.M., Sircombe K.N., and Rainbird R.H. Detrital zircon analysis of the sedimentary record. In: Hanchar J.M., and Hoskin P.W.O. (Eds). Zircon: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry vol. 53 (2003), Mineralogical Society of America 277-303
47. Fitton J.G. The genetic significance of almandine-pyrope phenocrysts in the calc-alkaline Borrowdale Volcanic Group, northern England. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 36 (1972) 231-248
48. Fleischer M., and Altschuler Z.S. The relationship of the rare-earth element composition of minerals to geological environment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33 (1969) 725-732
49. Fleischer M., and Altschuler Z.S. The lanthanides and yttrium in minerals of the apatite group-an analysis of the available data. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 10 (1986) 467-480
50. Freestone I.C., and Middleton A.P. Mineralogical applications of the analytical SEM in Archaeology. Mineralogical Magazine 51 (1987) 21-31
51. Ganssloser M. Detrital chromian spinels in Rhenohercynian greywackes and sandstones (Givetian-Visean, Variscides, Germany) as indicators of ultramafic source rocks. Geological Magazine 136 (1999) 437-451
52. Ganssloser M., Theye T., and Wachendorf H. Detrital glaucophane in graywackes of the Rhenohercynian Harz Mountains and the geodynamic implications. Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996) 755-760
53. Gieze U., Katzung G., and Walter R. Detrital composition of Ordovician sandstones from the Rügen boreholes: implications for the evolution of the Tornquist Ocean. Geologische Rundschau 83 (1994) 293-308
54. Goffé B., and Bousquet R. Ferrocarpholite, chloritoid and lawsonite in metapelites of the Versoyen and Petit St. Bernard units (Valaisan zone, Western Alps). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 77 (1997) 137-147
55. Green T.H., and Ringwood A.E. Origin of garnet phenocrysts in calc-alkaline rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 16 (1968) 59-67
56. Grigsby J.D. Chemical fingerprinting in detrital ilmenite: a viable alternative in provenance research?. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 62 (1991) 331-337
57. Grzebyk J., and Leszczyński S. New data on heavy minerals from the Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch of the Beskid Slaski Mts. (Polish Carpathians). Geological Quarterly 50 (2006) 265-280
58. Hallsworth C.R., Livingstone A., and Morton A.C. Detrital goldmanite from the Palaeocene of the North Sea. Mineralogical Magazine 56 (1992) 117-120
59. Hallsworth C.R., Morton A.C., Claoué-Long J.C., and Fanning C.M. Carboniferous sand provenance in the Pennine Basin, UK: constraints from heavy mineral and SHRIMP zircon age data. Sedimentary Geology 137 (2000) 147-185
60. Hamer R.D., and Moyes A.B. Composition and origin of garnet from the Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group of Trinity Peninsula. Journal of the Geological Society of London 139 (1982) 713-720
61. Hartley A.J., and Otava J. Sediment provenance and dispersal in a deep marine foreland basin: the Lower Carboniferous Culm Basin, Czech Republic. Journal of the Geological Society of London 158 (2001) 137-150
62. Hartmann L.A., Leite J.A.D., Silva I.C., Remus M.V.D., McNaughton N.J., Groves D.J., Fletcher I.R., Santos J.O.S., and Vasconce-Ilos M.A.Z. Advances in SHRIMP geochronology and their impact on understanding the tectonic and metallogenic evolution of southern Brazil. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47 (2000) 829-844
63. Hartmann L.A., and Santos J.O.S. Predominance of high Th/U, magmatic zircon in Brazilian Shield sandstones. Geology 32 (2004) 73-76
64. Haughton P.D.W., and Farrow C.M. Compositional variation in Lower Old Red Sandstone detrital garnets from the Midland Valley of Scotland and the Anglo-Welsh Basin. Geological Magazine 126 (1988) 373-396
65. Hawthorne F.C., and Henry D.J. Classification of the minerals of the tourmaline group. European Journal of Mineralogy 11 (1999) 201-215
66. Heaman L.M., Bowins R., and Crocket J. The chemical composition of igneous zircon suites: implications for geochemical tracer studies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54 (1990) 1597-1607
67. Henry D.J., and Dutrow B. Tourmaline in a low grade clastic metasedimentary rock; an example of the petrogenetic potential of tourmaline. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 112 (1992) 203-218
68. Henry D.J., and Guidotti C.V. Tourmaline as a petrogenetic indicator mineral: an example from the staurolite-grade metapelites of NW Maine. American Mineralogist 70 (1985) 1-15
69. Hisada K., and Arai S. Detrital chrome spinels in the Cretaceous Sanchu sandstone, central Japan: indicator of serpentinite protrusion into a fore-arc region. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 105 (1993) 95-109
70. Hisada K., Arai S., and Lee Y.I. Tectonic implication of Lower Cretaceous chromian spinel-bearing sandstones in Japan and Korea. The Island Arc 8 (1999) 336-348
71. Hisada K., Arai S., and Yamaguchi T. Detrital chromian spinels from Site 960 in the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana transform margin. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 150 (1998) 133-139
72. Hisada K., Sugiyama M., Ueno K., Charushiri P., and Arai S. Missing ophiolitic rocks along the Mae Yuam Fault as the Gondwana-Tethys divide in north-west Thailand. The Island Arc 13 (2004) 119-127
73. Holland H.D., and Gottfried D. The effect of nuclear radiation on the structure of zircon. Acta Crystallographica 8 (1955) 291-300
74. Hoschek G. Untersuchungen zum Stabilitätsbereich von Chloritoid und Staurolith. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14 (1967) 123-162
75. Hoskin P.W.O., and Ireland T.R. Rare earth element chemistry of zircon and its use as a provenance indicator. Geology 28 (2000) 627-630
76. Hoskin, P.W.O., Schaltegger, U., 2003. The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis. In: Hanchar, J.M., Hoskin, P.W.O. (Eds.), Zircon: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, vol. 53. pp. 27-62.
77. Irvine T.N. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator. Part 1. Theory. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2 (1965) 648-672
78. Irvine T.N. Chromian spinel as a petrogenetic indicator. Part 2. Petrologic applications. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4 (1967) 71-103
79. Jeans C.V., Reed S.J.B., and Xing M. Heavy mineral stratigraphy in the UK Trias of the North Sea Basin. In: Parker J.R. (Ed). Petroleum Geology of NW Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference (1993), Geological Society of London 609-624
80. Jiang S.Y., Yang J.H., and Palmer M.R. Chemical compositions of tourmaline from the Inch Conglomerate Formation, Dingle Peninsula, SW Ireland and their implication in provenance analysis. Chemie Der Erde-Geochemistry 59 (1999) 123-133
81. Jonasson R.G., Bancroft G.M., and Boatner L.A. Surface reactions of synthetic, end-member analogues of monazite, xenotime and rhabdophane, and evolution of natural waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52 (1988) 767-770
82. Kazmin V.G., Sborshchikov I.M., Ricou L.-E., Zonenshain L.P., Boulin J., and Knipper A.L. Volcanic belts as markers of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic active margin of Eurasia. Tectonophysics 123 (1986) 123-152
83. Kepezhinskas K.B., and Koryluk V.N. Range of variation in the composition of staurolite from typical metapelities with pressure and temperature of metamorphism. Doklady, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Earth Science Section 212 (1973) 121-125
84. Kingsbury J.A., Miller C.F., Wooden J.L., and Harrison T.M. Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the Mojave Desert, California, USA: implications for thermochronometry. Chemical Geology (including Isotope Geology) 110 (1993) 147-167
85. Krawinkel H., Wozazek S., Krawinkel J., and Hellmann W. Heavy-mineral analysis and clinopyroxene geochemistry applied to provenance analysis of lithic sandstones from the Azuero-Soná Complex (NW Panama). Sedimentary Geology 124 (1999) 149-168
86. Krogh E.J. Geochemistry and petrology of glaucophane bearing eclogites and associated rocks from Sunnfjord, western Norway. Lithos 13 (1980) 355-380
87. Krynine P.D. The tourmaline group in sediments. Journal of Geology 54 (1946) 65-87
88. Kusiak M.A., Kedzior A., Paszkowski M., Suzuki K., Gonzalez-Alvarez I., Wajsprych B., and Doktor M. Provenance implications of Th-U-Pb electron microprobe ages from detrital monazite in the Carboniferous Upper Silesia Coal Basin, Poland. Lithos 88 (2006) 56-71
89. Leake B.E. Nomenclature of amphiboles. Mineralogical Magazine 42 (1978) 533-563
90. Leake B.E., Woolley A.R., Arps C.E.S., Birch W.D., Gilbert M.C., Grice J.D., Hawthorne F.C., Kato A., Kisch H.J., Krivovichev V.G., Linthout K., Laird J., Mandarino J., Maresch W.V., Nickel E.H., Rock N.M.S., Schumacher J.C., Smith D.C., Stephenson N.C.N., Ungaretti L., Whittaker E.J.W., and Youzhi G. Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist 35 (1997) 219-246
91. Le Bas M.J. The role of aluminium in igneous clinopyroxenes with relation to their parentage. American Journal of Science 260 (1962) 267-288
92. Lee J.L., and Lee Y.I. Provenance of the Lower Cretaceous Hayang Group, Gyeongsang Basin, southeastern Korea: implications for continental-arc volcanism. Journal of Sedimentary Research 70 (2000) 151-158
93. Lee Y.I. Geotectonic significance of detrital chromian spinel: a review. Geosciences Journal 1 (1999) 23-29
94. Lenaz D., and Kamenetsky V.S. Melt inclusions in detrital spinel from the SE Alps (Italy-Slovenia): a new approach to provenance studies of sedimentary basins. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 139 (2000) 748-758
95. Leterrier J., Maury R., Thonon P., Girard D., and Marchal M. Clinopyroxene composition as a method of identification of the magmatic affinities of paleo-volcanic series. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 59 (1982) 139-154
96. Li R., Li S., Jin F., Wan Y., and Zhang S. Provenance of Carboniferous sedimentary rocks in the northern margin of Dabie Mountains, central China and the tectonic significance: constraints from trace elements, mineral chemistry and SHRIMP dating of zircons. Sedimentary Geology 166 (2004) 245-264
97. Lonergan L., and Mange-Rajetzky M.A. Evidence for the Internal Zone unroofing from foreland basin sediments, Betic Cordillera, SE Spain. Journal of the Geological Society of London 151 (1994) 515-529
98. Luepke G. Opaque minerals as aids in distinguishing between source and sorting effects on beach-sand mineralogy in southwestern Oregon. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 50 (1980) 489-496
99. Mackie W. The source of purple zircons in the sedimentary rocks of Scotland. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society 11 (1923) 200-213
100. Mackie W. The heavier accessory minerals in the granites of Scotland. Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society 12 (1926) 22-40
101. Mange M.A., Dewey J.F., and Floyd J.D. The origin, evolution and provenance of the northern, Ordovician, belts of the Southern Uplands Terrane, Scotland: a heavy mineral perspective. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, London 116 (2005) 251-280
102. Mange M.A., and Maurer H.F.W. Heavy Minerals in Colour (1992), Chapman and Hall, London 147pp
103. Mange M.A., Turner P., Ince D.M., Pugh J.M., and Wright D.T. A new perspective on the zonation and correlation of barren strata: an integrated heavy mineral and palaeomagnetic study of the Sherwood Sandstone Group, East Irish Sea Basin and surrounding areas. Journal of Petroleum Geology 22 (1999) 325-348
104. Mange-Rajetzky M.A. Detrital blue sodic amphibole in Recent sediments, southern coast, Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society of London 138 (1981) 83-92
105. Mange-Rajetzky M.A. Subdivision and correlation of monotonous sandstone sequences using high resolution heavy mineral analysis, a case study: the Triassic of the Central Graben. In: Dunay R.E., and Hailwood E.A. (Eds). Non-Biostratigraphical Methods of Dating and Correlation vol. 89 (1995), Geological Society of London Special Publication 23-30
106. Mange-Rajetzky M.A., and Oberhänsli R. Detrital lawsonite and blue sodic amphibole in the Molasse of Savoy, France and their significance in assessing Alpine evolution. Schweizerische Mineralalogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 62 (1982) 415-436
107. Mannerstrand M., and Lundqvist L. Garnet chemistry from the Slöinge Excavation, Halland and additional Swedish and Danish excavations-comparisons with garnet occurring in a rock context. Journal of Archaeological Science 30 (2003) 169-183
108. Markevich, P.V., Alexander, I., Malinovsky, A.I., Tuchkova, M.I., Sokolov, S.D., Grigoryev, V.N., 2007. The use of heavy minerals in determining the provenance and tectonic evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary basins in the continent-Pacific Ocean transition zone: examples from Sikhote-Alin and Koryak-Kamchatka regions (Russian Far East) and western Pacific. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
109. McClenaghan M.B., and Kjarsgaard B.A. Indicator mineral and geochemical methods for diamond exploration in glaciated terrain in Canada. In: McClenaghan M.B., Bobrowsky P.T., Hall G.E.M., and Cook S.J. (Eds). Drift exploration in glaciated terrain vol. 185 (2001), Geological Society of London Special Publication 85-123
110. McConnell D. Apatite-its crystal chemistry, mineralogy, utilization and geologic and biologic occurrences (1973), Springer-Verlag, New York 111 pp
111. Medaris L.G. Petrogenesis of the Lien peridotite and associated eclogites, Almklovdalen, western Norway. Lithos 13 (1980) 339-353
112. Medaris L.G. A geothermobarometric investigation of garnet peridotites in the Western Gneiss Region of Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 87 (1984) 72-86
113. Mikes, T., Dunkl, I., Von Eynatten, H., 2005. Significance of ophiolitic and high-grade metamorphic detritus in the Tertiary External Dinaride Flysch Belt. 7th Alpine Workshop, Opatija. Abstract.
114. Miyashiro A. The chemistry, optics and genesis of the alkali-amphiboles. Tokyo University, Faculty of Sciences Journal II 11 (1957) 51-83
115. Morimoto N. Nomenclature of pyroxenes. American Mineralogist 73 (1988) 1123-1133
116. Mørk M.B.E. Compositional variations and provenance of Triassic sandstones from the western Barents Shelf. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69 (1999) 690-710
117. Morton A.C. Stability of detrital heavy minerals in Tertiary sandstones of the North Sea Basin. Clay Minerals 19 (1984) 287-308
118. Morton A.C. A new approach to provenance studies: electron microprobe analysis of detrital garnets from Middle Jurassic sandstones of the northern North Sea. Sedimentology 32 (1985) 553-566
119. Morton A.C. Influences of provenance and diagenesis on detrital garnet suites in the Forties sandstone, Paleocene, central North Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 57 (1987) 1027-1032
120. Morton A.C. Geochemical studies of heavy minerals and their application to provenance research. In: Morton A.C., Todd S.P., and Haughton P.D.W. (Eds). Developments in Sedimentary Provenance Studies vol. 57 (1991), Geological Society of London Special Publication 31-45
121. Morton A.C., Allen M.B., Simmons M.D., Spathopoulos F., Still J., Ismail-Zadeh A., and Kroonenberg S. Provenance patterns in a neotectonic basin: Pliocene and Quaternary sediment supply to the South Caspian. Basin Research 15 (2003) 321-337
122. Morton A.C., and Hallsworth C.R. Processes controlling the composition of heavy mineral assemblages in sandstones. Sedimentary Geology 124 (1999) 3-29
123. Morton, A.C., Hallsworth, C.R., 2007. Stability of detrital heavy minerals during burial diagenesis. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
124. Morton A.C., Hallsworth C.R., and Chalton B. Garnet compositions in Scottish and Norwegian basement terrains: a framework for interpretation of North Sea sandstone provenance. Marine and Petroleum Geology 21 (2004) 393-410
125. Morton A.C., Hallsworth C.R., and Moscariello A. Interplay between northern and southern sediment sources during Westphalian deposition in the Silverpit Basin, southern North Sea. In: Collinson J.D., Evans D.J., Holliday D.S., and Jones N.S. (Eds). Carboniferous Hydrocarbon Geology: The Southern North Sea and Surrounding Onshore Areas vol. 7 (2005), Yorkshire Geological Society Occasional Publication 135-146
126. Morton A.C., Humphreys B., Manggal G., and Fanning C.M. Provenance and correlation of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones in Papua New Guinea using heavy mineral analysis. In: Buchanan P.G., Grainge A.M., and Thornton R.C.N. (Eds). Petroleum Exploration and Development in Papua New Guinea: Proceedings of the Fourth PNG Petroleum Convention (2000), PNG Chamber of Mines and Petroleum, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 187-203
127. Morton, A.C., Spicer, P.J., Ewen, D.F., 2003b. Geosteering of high-angle wells using heavy-mineral analysis: the Clair Field, west of Shetland, UK. In: Carr, T.R., Mason, E.P., Feazel, C.T. (Eds.), Horizontal Wells: Focus on the Reservoir. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Methods in Exploration 14, 249-260.
128. Morton A.C., Whitham A.G., and Fanning C.M. Provenance of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene submarine fan sandstones in the Norwegian Sea: integration of heavy mineral, mineral chemical and zircon age data. Sedimentary Geology 182 (2005) 3-28
129. Morton, A.C., Herries, R., Fanning, M., 2007. Correlation of Triassic sandstones in the Strathmore Field, west of Shetland, using heavy mineral provenance signatures. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
130. Morton, A.C., Yaxley, G., 2007. Detrital apatite geochemistry and its application in provenance studies. In: Arribas, J., Critelli, S., Johnsson, M.J. (Eds.), Sediment Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry, Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 420, 319-344.
131. Mysen B.D., and Heier K.S. Petrogenesis of eclogites in high grade metamorphic gneisses, exemplified by the Hareidland Eclogite, western Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 36 (1972) 73-94
132. Nanayama F. An electron microprobe study of the Amazon fan. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results 155 (1997) 147-158
133. Nash W.P. Phosphate minerals in terrestrial igneous and metamorphic rocks. In: Nriagu J.O., and Moore P.B. (Eds). Phosphate Minerals (1984), Springer-Verlag, New York 215-241
134. Nichols G.J. Sedimentary evolution of the Lower Clair Group, Devonian, west of Shetland: climate and sediment supply controls on fluvial, aeolian and lacustrine deposition. In: Doré A.G., and Vining B. (Eds). Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives: Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference (2005), Geological Society of London 957-967
135. Nisbet E.G., and Pearce J.A. Clinopyroxene compositions in mafic lavas from different tectonic settings. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 63 (1977) 149-160
136. Noda A., Takeuchi M., and Adachi M. Provenance of the Murihiku Terrane, New Zealand: evidence from the Jurassic conglomerates and sandstones in Southland. Sedimentary Geology 164 (2004) 203-222
137. Nowicki, T.E., Moore, R.O., Gurney, J.J., Baumgartner, M.C., 2007. Diamonds and associated heavy minerals in kimberlite: A review of key concepts and applications. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
138. Oszczypko N., and Salata D. Provenance analyses of the Late Cretaceous-Palaeocene deposits of the Magura Basin (Polish Western Carpathians)-evidence from a study of the heavy minerals. Acta Geologica Polonica 55 (2005) 237-267
139. Overstreet, W., 1967. The geologic occurrence of monazite. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 530, 327pp.
140. Owen M.R. Hafnium content of detrital zircons, a new tool for provenance study. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 57 (1987) 824-830
141. Park R.G., Stewart A.D., and Wright D.T. The Hebridean terrane. In: Trewin N.H. (Ed). The Geology of Scotland. 4th ed (2002), Geological Society of London, Bath, UK 45-80
142. Pinto L., Herail G., Moine B., Fontan F., Charrier R., and Dupre B. Using geochemistry to establish the igneous provenances of the Neogene continental sedimentary rocks in the Central Depression and Altiplano, Central Andes. Sedimentary Geology 166 (2004) 157-183
143. Pirkle, F.L., Pirkle, W.A., Pirkle, E.C., 2007. Heavy mineral sands of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, USA. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
144. Pober E., and Faupl P. The chemistry of detrital chrome spinels and its implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Alps. Geologische Rundschau 77 (1988) 641-670
145. Poldervaart A., and Hess H.H. Pyroxenes in the crystallization of basaltic magmas. Journal of Geology 59 (1951) 472-489
146. Power M.R., Pirrie D., Andersen J.C.Ø., and Wheeler P.D. Testing the validity of chrome spinel chemistry as a provenance and petrogenetic indicator. Geology 28 (2000) 1027-1030
147. Pownceby M.I. Compositioinal and textural variation in detrital chrome spinels from the Murray Basin, southeastern Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 69 (2005) 191-204
148. Pownceby M.I., and Bourne P. Detrital chrome-spinel grains in heavy-mineral sand deposits from southeast Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 70 (2006) 51-64
149. Press S. Detrital spinels from alpinotype source rocks in Middle Devonian sediments of the Rhenish Massif. Geologische Rundschau 75 (1986) 333-340
150. Preston J., Hartley A., Hole M., Buck S., Bond J., Mange M., and Still J. Integrated whole-rock trace element geochemistry and heavy mineral studies: aids to correlation of continental red-bed reservoirs in the Beryl Field, UK North Sea. Petroleum Geoscience 4 (1998) 7-16
151. Preston J., Hartley A., Mange-Rajetzky M., Hole M., May G., Buck S., and Vaughan L. The provenance of Triassic continental sandstones from the Beryl Field, northern North Sea: mineralogical, geochemical, and sedimentological constraints. Journal of Sedimentary Research 72 (2002) 18-29
152. Pupin J.P., and Turco G. Le zircon, minéral commun significatif des roches endogènes et exogènes. Bulletin Minéralogie 104 (1981) 724-731
153. Reynolds A.D., Simmons M.D., Bowman M.B.J., Henton J., Brayshaw A.C., Ali-Zade A.A., Guliyev I.S., Suleymanova S.F., Ateava E.Z., Mamedova D.N., and Koshkarly R.O. Implications of outcrop geology for reservoirs in the Neogene Productive Series: Apsheron Peninsula, Azerbaijan. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 82 (1998) 25-49
154. Sabeen H.M., Ramanujam N., and Morton A.C. The provenance of garnet: constraints provided by studies of coastal sediments from Southern India. Sedimentary Geology 152 (2002) 279-287
155. Schäfer, J., 1996. Mikrosondenuntersuchungen an Geröllen und detritischen Mineralen im Flysch des Saxothuringikums: Ein Beitrag zur Exhumierungsgeschichte des Liefergebietes. Ph.D. thesis. University of Giessen, 221pp.
156. Schäfer J., Neuroth H., Ahrendt H., and Dörr W. Accretion and exhumation at a Variscan active margin, recorded in the Saxothuringian flysch. Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997) 599-611
157. Schneiderman J.S. Detrital opaque oxides as provenance indicators in River Nile sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Research 65 (1995) 668-674
158. Schneiderman, J.S., 1997. Potential paleoclimate indicators: composition of detrital pyroxene and ilmenite in River Nile and Nile delta sediments. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress Bejing, vol. 8, pp. 81-106.
159. Schroeder P.A., Le Govan J.F., and Roden M.F. Weathering of ilmenite from granite and chlorite schist in the Georgia Piedmont. American Mineralogist 87 (2002) 1616-1625
160. Sciunnach D., and Garzanti E. Detrital chromian spinels record tectono-magmatic evolution from Carboniferous rifting to Permian spreading in Neotethys (India, Nepal, Tibet). Ofioliti 22 (1997) 101-110
161. Smale D., and Morton A.C. Heavy mineral suites of core samples from the McKee Formation (Eocene-Lower Oligocene), Taranaki: implications for provenance and diagenesis. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 30 (1987) 299-306
162. Smale D., and Van der Lingen G.J. Differential leaching of garnet grains at a depth of 3.5 km in Tane-1, Offshore Taranaki, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Record 40 (1989) 57-60
163. Spiegel C., Siebel W., Frisch W., and Berner Z. Nd and Sr isotopic ratios and trace element geochemistry of epidote from the Swiss Molasse Basin as provenance indicators: implications for the reconstruction of the exhumation history of the Central Alps. Chemical Geology 189 (2002) 231-250
164. Styles M.T., Perez-Alvarez M., and Floyd J.D. Pyroxenous greywackes in the Southern Uplands of Scotland and their petrotectonic implications. Geological Magazine 132 (1995) 539-547
165. Styles M.T., Stone P., and Floyd J.D. Arc detritus in the Southern Uplands: mineralogical charcterisation of a 'missing' terrain. Journal of the Geological Society of London 146 (1989) 397-400
166. Suzuki K., Adachi M., and Tanaka T. Middle Precambrian provenance of Jurassic sandstone in the Mino Terrane, central Japan: Th-U-total Pb evidence from an electron microprobe monazite study. Sedimentary Geology 75 (1991) 141-147
167. Takeuchi M. Changes in garnet chemistry show a progressive denudation of the source areas for Permian-Jurassic sandstones, southern Kitakami Terrane, Japan. Sedimentary Geology 93 (1994) 85-105
168. Taylor S.R., and McLennan S.M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution (1985), Blackwell, Oxford 312pp
169. Tebbens L.A., Kroonenberg S.B., and Vandenberghe M.W. Compositional variation of detrital garnets in Quaternary Rhine, Meuse and Baltic river sediments in the Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw 74 (1995) 213-224
170. Turner, G., Morton, A.C., 2007. The effects of burial diagenesis on detrital heavy mineral grain surface textures. In: Mange, M.A., Wright, D.T. (Eds.), Heavy Minerals in Use. Developments in Sedimentology (this volume).
171. Vavra G., Schmid R., and Gebauer D. Internal morphology, habit and U-Th-Pb microanalysis of amphibolite-to-granulite facies zircons: geochronology of the Ivrea Zone (southern Alps). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 97 (1999) 205-217
172. Von Eynatten H., and Gaupp R. Provenance of Cretaceous synorogenic sandstones in the Eastern Alps: constraints from framework petrography, heavy mineral analysis and mineral chemistry. Sedimentary Geology 124 (1999) 81-111
173. Wallace R.C. Staurolite from the Haast schists in South Westland, New Zealand. Journal of Geology and Geophysics 18 (1975) 343-348
174. Willner A.P. Detrital tourmalines as indicators for the source rocks of Late Precambrian-Lower Cambrian graywackes (Puncoviscana Formation) in NW Argentina. Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie 1987 (1987) 885-891
175. Wright W.I. The composition and occurrence of garnets. American Mineralogist 23 (1938) 436-449
176. Yokoyama K., Amano K., Taira A., and Saito Y. Mineralogy of silts from the Bengal Fan. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project 116 (1990) 59-73
177. Zack T., Kronz A., Foley S., and Rivers T. Trace element abundances in rutiles from eclogites and associated garnet mica schists. Chemical Geology 184 (2002) 97-122
178. Zack T., Von Eynatten H., and Kronz A. Rutile geochemistry and its potential use in quantitative provenance studies. Sedimentary Geology 171 (2004) 37-58
179. Zhu B., Kidd W.S.F., Rowley D.B., and Currie B.S. Chemical compositions and tectonic significance of chrome-rich spinels in the Tianba Flysch, southern Tibet. The Journal of Geology 112 (2004) 417-434
180. Zimmerle W. The geotectonic significance of detrital brown spinel in sediments. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg 56 (1984) 337-360