Polymer treatments for stone conservation: Methods for evaluating penetration depth

Journal of The American Institute for Conservation

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 3-21

  Casadio, Francesca ^a   Toniolo, Lucia ^b  

^a Art Institute of Chicago   (United States)

^b CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 44349086413     PISSN: 01971360     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3179848     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Alesiani, M., S. Capuani, L. Mancini, B. Maraviglia, R. Giorni, and P. Baglioni. 1999. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in the study of porous materials: Stones and mortars of historical and artistic value. In Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Basin, Paris, July 5-9. Paris: Elsevier. 483-85
2. Alesiani, M., S. Capuani, B. Maraviglia, R. Giorni, and P. Baglioni. 2001. NMR relaxation times in treated marble samples. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 19(3-4):569
3. Alessandrini, G., M. Aglietto, V. Castelvetro, F. Ciardelli, R. Peruzzi, and L.Toniolo. 2000a. Comparative evaluation of fluorinated and unfluorinated acrylic copolymers as water-repellent coating materials for stone. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 76: 962-77
4. Alessandrini, G., L.Toniolo, and C. Colombo. 2000b. Partially fluorinated acrylic copolymers as coatings for calcareous stone materials. In Tradition and innovation advances in conservation: Contributions to the IIC Melbourne Congress, October 10-14, ed. A. Roy and P. Smith. London: IIC. 1-5
5. Appolonia, L., G. C. Borgia, V. Bortolotti, R. J. S. Brown, P. Fantazzini, and G. Rezzaro. 2001. Effects of hydrophobic treatments of stone on pore water studied by continuous distribution analysis of NMR relaxation times. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 19(3-4): 509-12
6. Ashurst, J., and F. G. Dimes, eds. 1990. Conservation of building and decorative stone. London: Butterworth-Heinemann
7. Biscontin, G., P. Maravelaki, E. Zendri, A. Glisenti, and E. Tondello. 1993. Investigation into the interaction between aqueous and organic solvent protection and building materials. In Conservation of stone and other materials: Proceedings of the International RILEM/UNESCO Congress, Paris, June 29-July 1, ed. M.-J. Thiel. London: E. & F. N. Spon. 689-96
8. Borgia, G. C.,V. Bortolotti, M. Camaiti, F. Cerri, P. Fantazzini, and F. Piacenti. 2001. Performance evolution of hydrophobic treatments for stone conservation investigated by MRI. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 19(3-4):513-16
9. Borgia, G. C., M. Camaiti, M., F. Cerri, P. Fantazzini, and F. Piacenti. 2000. Study of water penetration in rock materials by nuclear magnetic resonance tomography: Hydrophobic treatment effects. Journal of Cultural Heritage 1:127-32
10. Charola, A. E. 1995. Water-repellent treatments for building stones: A practical overview. APT Bulletin 16(2-3):13
11. Chiantore, O., and M. Lazzari. 2000. Thermal-ageing of paraloid acrylic protective polymers. Polymer 41:6447-55
12. Ciardelli, F., M. Aglietto, V. Castelvetro, O. Chiantore, and L. Toniolo. 2000. Fluorinated polymeric materials for the protection of monumental buildings. Macromolecular Symposia 152:211-22
13. Danehey, C., G. S.Wheeler, and S. C. H. Su. 1992. The influence of quartz and calcite on the polymerization of methyl-trimetoxysilane. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Lisbon, June 15-18, ed. J. Delgado Rodrigues, F. Henriques, and F. Telmo Jeremias. Lisbon: Laboratorio nacional de engenharia civil. 1043-52
14. Delgado Rodrigues, J., D. Costa, and A. P. Ferreira Pinto. 1996. Use of water absorption characteristics for the study of stone treatments. In Degradation and conservation of granitic rocks in monuments: Proceedings of the EC workshop on environmental protection and conservation of the European cultural heritage, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, November 28-30. Brussels: European Community. 319-24
15. Delia Volpe, C., A. Penati, R. Peruzzi, S. Siboni, L. Toniolo, and C. Colombo. 2000. The combined effect of roughness and heterogeneity on contact angles: The case of polymer coating for stone protection. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 14(2):273-99
16. De Witte, E., A.Verheyen, R. De Bruyn, and A. Pien. 1993. Surface protectants for stone materials: The current situation in northern Europe. Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage 2:173-81
17. Domaslowski, W. 1988. The mechanism of polymer migration in porous stone. In Wiener berichte über Natunvisenschaft in der Kunst, vols. 4-5, ed. A.Vendl, B. Pichler, J. Weber, and G. Banik, Vienna: Orac. 402-25
18. Domaslowski, W., and M. Kesy-Lewandowska. 1985. La consolidation en structure des gres a l'aide de resines thermoplastiques. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Lausanne, September 25-27. Lausanne: Presses polytechniques romandes. 727-38
19. Domaslowski, W., and J. Lehmann. 1972. Recherches sur l'affermissement structural des pierres au moyen solutions de Resines Thermoplastiques. In Proceedings of the meeting of the Joint Committee for the Conservation of Stone, Bologna, October 1-3, ed. R. Rossi-Manaresi and G. Torraca. Bologna: Centra Conservazione Sculture all'aperto. 255-72
20. Elfving, P., and U. Jäglid. 1992. Silane bonding to various mineral surfaces. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Göteborg, Sweden
21. Franke, L., F. Pinsler, and M. Oly. 1997. Analyse von Hydrophobierungen mittels FT-IR-Spektroskopie-Mikroskopie. Internationale Zeitschrift für Bauinstandsetzen 3(2):151-65
22. Gadsden Aric, J.A. 1975. Infrared spectra of minerals and related inorganic compounds. London: Butterworths
23. Giorgi, R., P. Baglioni, M. Alesiani, S. Capuani, L. Manicini, and B. Maraviglia. 2000. New results in the application of innovative experimental techniques for investigation of stone decays processes. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Venice, June 19-24, ed. V. Fassina. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 587-94
24. Golikov, V. P., and Z. F. Zharikova. 1990. Analysis of spatial distribution of hydrophobic restoration materials by means of fluorescent probes. In ICOM Committee for Conservation preprints. 9th Triennial Meeting, Dresden. Los Angeles: ICOM. 1:29-32
25. Kashiwagi, T., T. Hirata, and J. E. Brown. 1985. Thermal and oxidative degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate): Molecular weight. Macromolecules 18:131-38
26. Kashiwagi, T., A. Inaba, J. E. Brown, K. Hatada, T. Kitayama, and E. Masuda. 1986. Effects of weak linkages on the thermal and oxidative degradation of poly(methyl methacrylates). Macromolecules 19:2160-68
27. Kumar, R. 1995. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of silane-stone interface. In Materials issues in art and archaeology, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 352, ed. P. Vandiver et al. Pittsburgh: Materials Research Society. 341-47
28. Kumar, R., and W. S. Ginell. 1997. A new technique for determining the depth of penetration of consolidants into limestone using iodine vapor. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation 36:143-50
29. Lemaire, J., D. Fromageot, and N. Pichon. 1996. In situ FTIR-microspectrophotometric analysis of organic compounds used in the consolidation of stones of the Tours and Meissen Cathedrals. In 2éme Colloque du Programme Franco-Allemand de Recherche pour la Conservation des Monuments Historiques, Bonn, December 12-13. Champs-sur-Marne: Programme Franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments historiques. 365-371
30. Lemaire, J., D. Fromageot, and N. Pichon. 1997. Analyse par spectrophotometrie IRTF de composes organiques de consolidation et d'hydrofugation des pierres. In Colloque final - Monuments historiques et environnement: Recherches franco-allemandes sur la conservation de la pierre et du vitrail, Strasbourg, February 25-26. Champs-sur-Marne: Programme Franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments historiques. 262-77
31. Leroux, L., V. Vergès-Belmin, D. Costa, J. Delgado Rodrigues, P. Tiano, R. Snethlage, B. Singer, S. Massey, and E. De Witte. 2000. Measuring the penetration depth of consolidating products: Comparison of six methods. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Venice, June 19-24, ed. V. Fassina. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 361-69
32. Lewin, S. Z., and A. D. Papadimitriou. 1981. Investigation of polymer impregnation of stone. Part 1, Solvent transport of pre-polymerized methylmethacrylate. In The conservation of stone II: Preprints of the contributions to the International Symposium, Bologna, October 27-30. Bologna: Centro per la conservazione delle sculture all'aperto. 605-23
33. Littmann, K., H. R. Sasse, S. Wagener, and H. Hocker. 1993. Development of polymers for the consolidation of natural stone. In Conservation of stone and other materials: Proceedings of the International RILEM/UNESCO Congress, Paris, June 29-July 1, ed. M.-J. Thiel. London: E. & F. N. Spon. 681-88
34. Manring, L. E. 1988. Thermal degradation of saturated poly(methyl methacrylate). Macromoleades 21:528-30
35. Manring, L. E. 1989. Thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate). Part 2, Vinyl-terminated polymer. Macromolecules 22:2673-77
36. Manring, L. E. 1991. Thermal degradation of poly(methyl methacrylate). Part 4, Random side-group scission. Macromolecules 24:3304-9
37. Manring, L. E., D.Y. Sogah, and G. M. Cohen. 1989. Thermal degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate). Part 3, Polymer with head-to-head linkages. Macromolecules 22:4652-54
38. McNeill, I. C. 1992. Fundamental aspects of polymer degradation in polymer conservation. In Polymers in conservation, ed. N. S. Allen, M. Edge, and C.V. Horie. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 14-31
39. Melo, M. J., S. Bracci, M. Camaiti, O. Chiantore, and F. Piacenti. 1999. Photodegradation of acrylic resins used in the conservation of stone. Polymer Degradation and Stability 66:23-30
40. Nägele, E. 1985. Hydrophobierung von Baustoffen: Theorie und Praxis. Bautenschutz und Bausanierung 8(4):163-72
41. Nyquist, R. A., and O. Kagel. 1997. The handbook of infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic compounds and organic salts. 2d ed. San Diego: Academic Press
42. Piacenti, F., M. Camaiti, F. Cerri, and P. Tiano. 1999. On the evaluation of conservation treatments on stone objects. In Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Basin, Paris, July 5-9. Paris: Elsevier. 709-11
43. Price, C. A. 1996. Stone conservation: An overview of current research. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Trust
44. Rizzarelli, P., C. La Rosa, and A. Torrisi. 2001. Testing a fluorinated compound as protective material for calcarenite. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2:55-62
45. Roby, T. C. 1996. In situ assessment of surface consolidation and protection treatments of marble monuments in Rome of the 1980s, with particular reference to two treatments with Paraloid B-72. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Berlin, September 30-October 4, ed. J. Riederer. Berlin: Moller Druck und Verlag. 1015-28
46. Roth, M. 1988. Das Wasseraugprofil einer Silicon imprägnierung. Bautenschutz und Bausanieruug 11(l):43-45
47. Spoto, G., P. Rizzarelli, and P. Torrisi. 2000. Fluorinated phosphoric ester-based protective material for limestone-made ancient monuments, buildings, and artifacts: An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study. Applied Spectroscopy 54(12):1817-23
48. Sramek, J. 1993. Effects of hydrophobization on stone. In Conservation of architectural surface: Stones and wall covering. Venice: il Cardo. 169-74
49. Toniolo, L., T. Poli, V. Castelvetro, A. Manariti, O. Chiantore, and M. Lazzari. 2002. Tailoring new fluorinated acrylic copolymers as protective coatings for marble. Journal of Cultural Heritage 3:309-16
50. van Hees, R. P. J., J. A. G. Koek, H. De Clercq, E. De Witte, L. Binda, E. D. Ferrieri, and E. Carraro. 1997. The assessment of the performance of surface treatments in the field: Results of 60 case studies confronted with lab results. In Proceedings of Fourth International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean, Rhodes, May 6-11. Athens: Technical Chamber of Greece: 3:395-413
51. Wendler, E., L. Sattler, P. Zimmermann, D. D. Klemm, and R. Snethlage. 1992. Protective treatment of natural stone: Requirements and limitation with respect to the state of damage. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Lisbon, June 15-18, ed. J. Delgado Rodrigues, F. Henriques, and F. Telmo Jeremias. Lisbon: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil. 1103-12