Seasonal, interannual and event scale variation in North Pacific ecosystems

Progress in Oceanography

Volumn 77, Issue 2-3, 2008, Pages 155-181

  Yoo, Sinjae ^a   Batchelder, Harold P ^b   Peterson, William T ^c   Sydeman, William J ^d  

^a Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering   (South Korea)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d PRBO CONSERVATION SCIENCE   (United States)

Author keywords

Event scale impacts; Interannual variation; North Pacific; Phytoplankton; Seasonal cycle; Zooplankton biomass

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; CHLOROPHYLL; CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; PHYTOPLANKTON;

EVENT SCALE IMPACTS; INTERANNUAL VARIATION; SEASONAL CYCLE; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS;

ECOSYSTEMS;

ABUNDANCE; ALGAL BLOOM; ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC FORCING; BIOMASS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; EL NINO; FREQUENCY ANALYSIS; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SATELLITE DATA; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEAWIFS; TIME SERIES; TROPHIC LEVEL; ZOOPLANKTON;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; INDIAN OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (NORTH);

ALGAE;

EID: 44249083695     PISSN: 00796611     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.013     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Alexander M.A., Bladé I., Newman M., Lanzante J.R., Lau N.C., and Scott J.D. The atmospheric bridge: the influence of ENSO teleconnections on air-sea interaction over the global ocean. Journal of Climate 15 (2002) 2205-2231
2. Bakun A. Wasp-waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: navigating the "predator pit" topographies. Progress in Oceanography 68 (2006) 271-288
3. Banse K., and English D.C. Seasonality of coastal zone color scanner phytoplankton pigment in the offshore oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research 43 (1994) 235-288
4. Banse K., and English D.C. Comparing phytoplankton seasonality in the eastern and western subarctic Pacific and the western Bering Sea. Progress in Oceanography 43 (1999) 235-288
5. Barth J.A. Anomalous southward advection during 2002 in the northern California Current: evidence from Lagrangian surface drifters. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8024 10.1029/2003GL017511
6. Barth J.A., Menge B.A., Lubchenco J., Chan F., Bane J.M., Kirincich A.R., McManus M.A., Nielsen K.J., Pierce S.D., and Washburn L. Delayed upwelling alters coastal ocean ecosystems in the northern California Current. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 104 (2007) 3719-3724
7. Behrenfeld M.J., O'Malley R.T., Siegel D.A., McClain C.R., Sarmiento J.L., Feldman G.C., Milligan A.J., Falkowski P.G., Letelier P.M., and Boss E.S. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature 444 (2006) 752-755
8. Bograd S.J., and Lynn R.J. Anomalous subarctic influence in the southern California Current during 2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8020 10.1029/2003GL017446
9. Brodeur R.D., Frost B.W., Hare S.R., Francis R.C., and Ingraham W.J. Interannual variations in zooplankton biomass in the Gulf of Alaska and covariation with California Current zooplankton biomass. California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations Reports 37 (1996) 80-99
10. Brodeur R.D., Ralson S., Emmett R.L., Trudel M., Auth T.D., and Phillips A.J. Anomalous pelagic nekton abundance, distribution, and apparent recruitment in the northern California Current in 2004 and 2005. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO8 10.1029/2006GLO26614
11. Brodeur R.D., and Ware D.M. Long-term variability in zooplankton biomass in the subarctic Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Oceanography 1 (1992) 32-38
12. Carpenter S.R., Kitchell J.F., and Hodgson J.R. Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. Bioscience 35 (1985) 634-639
13. Chavez F.P., Strutton P.G., Friederich G.E., Feely R.A., Feldman G.C., Foley D.G., and McPhaden M.J. Biological and chemical response of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997-98 El Niño. Science 286 (1999) 2126-2131
14. Chelton D.B., and Davis R.E. Monthly mean sea-level variability along the west coast of North America. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12 (1982) 757-784
15. Chiba S., Aita M.N., Tadokoro K., Saino T., Sugusaki H., and Nakata K. From climate regime shifts to lower trophic level phenology: synthesis of recent progress in retrospective studies of the western North Pacific. Progress in Oceanography 77 (2008) 112-126
16. Chiba S., and Saino T. Interdecadal change in the upper water column environment and spring diatom community structure in the Japan Sea: an early summer hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 231 (2002) 23-35
17. Chiba S., Tadokoro K., Sugisaki H., and Saino T. Effects of decadal climate change on zooplankton over the last 50 years in the western subarctic North Pacific. Global Change Biology 12 (2006) 907-920
18. Conkright, M.E., Locarnini, R. A., Garcia, H. E., O'Brien, T. D., Boyer, T. P., Stephens, C., Antonov, J. I. (2002). World Ocean Atlas 2001: Objective Analyses, Data Statistics, and Figures, CD-ROM Documentation. National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, MD, 17 pp.
19. Cooney R.T., Coyle K.O., Stockmar E., and Stark C. Seasonality in surface-layer net zooplankton communities in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Fisheries Oceanography 10 Suppl. 1 (2001) 97-109
20. Coyle K.O., and Pinchuk A.I. Annual cycle of zooplankton abundance, biomass and production on the northern Gulf of Alaska shelf, October 1997 through October 2000. Fisheries Oceanography 12 (2003) 327-338
21. Crawford W., Sutherland P., and van Hardenberg P. Cold water intrusion in the eastern Gulf of Alaska in 2002. Atmosphere-Ocean 43 (2005) 119-128
22. Cushing D.H. Plankton production and year-class strength in fish populations: an update of the match/mismatch hypothesis. Advances in Marine Biology 26 (1990) 249-293
23. Dandonneau Y., Deschamps P., Nicolas J., Loisel H., Blanchot J., Montel Y., Thieuleux F., and Bécu G. Seasonal and interannual variability of ocean color and composition of phytoplankton communities in the North Atlantic, equatorial Pacific and South Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 51 (2004) 303-318
24. Dillon W.R., and Goldstein M. Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications (1984), John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 587 pp
25. Downton M.W., and Miller K.A. Relationships between Alaska salmon catch and North Pacific climate on interannual and interdecadal time scale. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 (1998) 2255-2265
26. Duce R.A., and Tindale N.W. Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 36 (1991) 1715-1726
27. Ebbesmeyer, C.C., Cayan, D.R., Mclain, D.R., Nichols, F.N., Peterson, D.H., Redmond, K.T., 1991. 1976 Step in Pacific climate: forty environmental changes between 1968-1975 and 1977-1984. In: J.L. Betancourt, V.L. Tharp (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, April 1990. California Department of Water Resources. Interagency Ecological Study Program Technical Report 26, pp. 115-126.
28. Esaias W.E., Feldman G.C., McClain C.R., and Elrod J.A. Monthly satellite-derived phytoplankton pigment distribution for the North Atlantic Ocean basin. Eos 67 (1986) 835-837
29. Eslinger D.L., Cooney R.T., McRoy C.P., Ward A., Kline Jr. T.C., Simpson E.P., Wang J., and Allen J.R. Plankton dynamics: observed and modelled responses to physical conditions in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Fisheries Oceanography 10 (2001) 81-96
30. Freeland H.J., Gatien G., Huyer A., and Smith R.L. Cold halocline in the northern California Current: an invasion of subarctic water. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 1141 10.1029/2002GL016663
31. Goes J.I., Sasaoka K., Gomes H.R., Saitoh S., and Saino T. A comparison of the seasonality and interannual variability of phytoplankton biomass and production in the western and eastern gyres of the subarctic Pacific using multi-sensor satellite data. Journal of Oceanography 60 (2004) 75-91
32. Gould W.J. WOCE and TOGA-The foundations of the Global Ocean Observing System. Oceanography 16 4 (2003) 24-30
33. Grantham B.A., Chan F., Nielsen K.J., Fox D.S., Barth J.A., Huyer A., Lubchenco J., and Menge B.A. Upwelling-driven nearshore hypoxia signals ecosystem and oceanographic changes in the northeast Pacific. Nature 429 (2004) 749-754
34. Hare S.R., and Mantua N.J. Empirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989. Progress in Oceanography 47 (2000) 103-145
35. Harrison P.J. SERIES (subarctic ecosystem response to iron enrichment study): a Canadian-Japanese contribution to our understanding of the iron-ocean-climate connection. Deep-Sea Research II 53 (2006) 2006-2011
36. Hickey B.M., MacFadyen A., Cochlan W.P., Kudela R.M., Bruland K.W., and Trick C.R. Evolution of water properties in the Pacific Northwest in 2005: remote or local wind forcing?. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO2 10.1029/2006GLO26782
37. Hirota Y., and Hasegawa S. The zooplankton biomass in the Sea of Japan. Fisheries Oceanography 8 (1999) 274-283
38. Hollowed A.B., Hare S.R., and Wooster W.S. Pacific basin clime variability and patterns of Northeast Pacific marine fish production. Progress in Oceanography 49 (2001) 257-282
39. Hollowed A.B., and Wooster W.S. Variability of winter ocean conditions and strong year classes of Northeast Pacific groundfish. ICES Marine Science Symposium 195 (1992) 433-444
40. Hooff R.C., and Peterson W.T. Copepod biodiversity as an indicator of change in ocean and climate conditions of the northern California Current ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography 51 (2006) 2607-2620
41. Huyer A. Preface to special section on enhanced subarctic influence in the California Current, 2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8019 10.1029/2003GL017724
42. Kang, Y.S., 2004. Variability in seasonal cycles of zooplankton in the seas surrounding Korean peninsula. In: North Pacific Marine Science Organization 13th Annual Meeting, Program Abstracts, PICES XIII, Abstract W2-2126, pp. 221-222.
43. Kawamiya M., Kishi M.J., and Suginohara N. An ecosystem model for the North Pacific embedded in a general circulation model. Part II: mechanisms forming seasonal variations of chlorophyll. Journal of Marine Systems 25 (2000) 159-178
44. Kim H., Yoo S., and Oh I.S. Relationship between phytoplankton bloom and wind stress in the sub-polar frontal area of the Japan/East Sea. Journal of Marine Systems 67 (2007) 205-216
45. Kim S.W., Saitoh S., Ishizaka J., Isoda Y., and Kishino M. Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton pigment concentration in the Japan Sea derived from CZCS images. Journal of Oceanography 56 (2000) 527-538
46. Kosro P.M. Enhanced southward flow over the Oregon shelf in 2002: a conduit for subarctic water. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8023 10.1029/2003GL017436
47. Kosro P.M., Peterson W.T., Hickey B.M., Shearman R.K., and Pierce S.D. The physical vs. the biological spring transition: 2005. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO3 10.1029/2006GLO27072
48. Lalli C.M., and Parsons T.R. Biological Oceanography: An Introduction. second ed. (1997), Butterworth-Heinemann 314 pp
49. Landry M.R., Al-Mutairi H., Selph K.E., Christensen S., and Nunnery S. Seasonal patterns of mesozooplankton abundance and biomass at station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II 48 (2001) 2037-2061
50. Lehodey P., Alheit J., Barange M., Baumgartner T., Beaugrand G., Drinkwater K., Fromentin J.-M., Hare S.R., Ottersen G., Perry I.A., Roy C., van der Lingen C.D., and Werner F. Climate variability, fish and fisheries. Journal of Climate 19 (2006) 5009-5030
51. Letelier R.M., Bidigare R.R., Hebel D.V., Ondrusek M., Winn C.D., and Karl D.M. Temporal variability of phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analysis. Limnology and Oceanography 38 (1993) 1420-1437
52. Levitus S. Climatological atlas of the World Ocean (1982), NOAA Environmental Research Labs, Princeton, NJ
53. Logerwell E.A., Mantua N., Lawson P., Francis R.C., and Agostini V. Tracking environmental processes in the coastal zone for understanding and predicting Oregon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) marine survival. Fisheries Oceanography 12 (2003) 554-568
54. Longhurst A. Seasonal cycles of pelagic production and consumption. Progress in Oceanography 36 (1995) 77-167
55. Longhurst A.R. Ecological Geography of the Sea (1998), Elsevier, New York 398 pp
56. Mackas D.L. Seasonal cycle of zooplankton off southwestern British Colombia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49 (1992) 903-921
57. Mackas D.L. Interannual variability of the zooplankton community off southern Vancouver Island. In: Beamish R.J. (Ed). Climate Change and Northern Fish Populations vol. 121 (1995), Canadian Special Publication on Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 603-615
58. Mackas D.L., Peterson W.T., Ohman M.D., and Lavaniegos B.E. Zooplankton anomalies in the California Current system before and during the warm ocean conditions of 2005. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO7 10.1029/2006GLO27930
59. Mackas D.L., Peterson W.T., and Zamon J.E. Comparisons of interannual biomass anomalies of zooplankton communities along the continental margins of British Columbia and Oregon. Deep-Sea Research II 51 (2004) 875-896
60. Mackas D.L., Thomson R.E., and Galbraith M. Changes in the zooplankton community of the British Columbia continental margin, and covariation with oceanographic conditions, 1985-1999. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58 (2001) 685-702
61. Martin J.H., and Fitzwater S.E. Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic. Nature 331 (1988) 177-196
62. McClain C.R., Signorini S.R., and Christian J.R. Subtropical gyre variability observed by ocean-color satellites. Deep-Sea Research II 51 (2004) 281-301
63. McKinnell S.M., and Mackas D.L. Intercalibrating SCOR, NORPAC & bongo nets and the consequences for decadal-scale variation in zooplankton biomass in the Gulf of Alaska. Fisheries Oceanography 12 (2003) 126-133
64. Miller, C.B., Batchelder, H.P., Brodeur, R.D., Pearcy, W.G., 1985. Response of the zooplankton and ichthyoplankton off Oregon to the El Niño event of 1983. In: Wooster, W.S., Fluharty, D.L. (Eds.), El Niño North. Washington Sea Grant Program, Seattle, pp. 185-187.
65. Miller C.B., Frost B.W., Booth B., Wheeler P.A., Landry M.R., and Welschmeyer N. Ecological processes in the subarctic Pacific: iron limitation cannot be the whole story. Oceanography 4 (1991) 71-78
66. Morel F.M.M., Rueter J.G., and Price N.M. Iron nutrition of phytoplankton and its possible importance in the ecology of open ocean regions with high nutrient and low biomass. Oceanography 4 (1991) 56-61
67. Mueter F.J., Ware D.M., and Peterman R.M. Spatial correlation patterns in coastal environmental variables and survival rates of Pacific salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Oceanography 11 (2002) 205-218
68. Murphree T., Bograd S.J., Schwing F.B., and Ford B. Large scale atmosphere-ocean anomalies in the northeast Pacific during 2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8026 10.1029/2003GL017303
69. Myers R.A., Mertz G., and Bridson J. Spatial scales of interannual recruitment variations of marine, anadromous, and freshwater fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54 (1997) 1400-1407
70. Niebauer H.J. Variability in Bering Sea ice cover as affected by a regime shift in the North Pacific in the period 1947-96. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (1998) 27717-27737
71. Obata A., Ishizaka J., and Endoh M. Global verification of critical depth theory for phytoplankton bloom with climatological in situ temperature and satellite ocean color data. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (1996) 20,657-20,667
72. Odate K. Zooplankton biomass and its long-term variation in the western North Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of Tohoku Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory 56 (1994) 115-173
73. Peterman R.M., Pyper B.J., Lapointe M.F., Adkison M.D., and Walters C.J. Patterns of covariation in survival rates of British Columbian and Alaskan sockeye salmon stocks. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 (1998) 2503-2517
74. Peterson W.T., and Keister J.E. Interannual variability in copepod community composition at a coastal station in the northern California Current: a multivariate approach. Deep-Sea Research II 50 (2003) 2499-2517
75. Peterson W.T., Keister J.E., and Feinberg L.R. The effects of the 1997-99 El Niño/La Niña events on hydrography and zooplankton off the central Oregon coast. Progress in Oceanography 54 (2002) 381-398
76. Peterson W.T., and Miller C.B. Year-to-year variations in the planktology of the Oregon upwelling zone. Fishery Bulletin 73 (1975) 642-653
77. Peterson W.T., and Miller C.B. The seasonal cycle of zooplankton abundance and species composition along the central Oregon coast. Fishery Bulletin 75 (1977) 717-724
78. Peterson W.T., and Schwing F.B. A new climate regime in the northeast Pacific ecosystems. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 1896 10.1029/2003GL017528
79. Pierce S.D., Barth J.A., Thomas R.E., and Fleischer G.W. Anomalously warm July 2005 in the northern California Current: historical context and the significance of cumulative wind stress. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO4 10.1029/2006GLO27149
80. Polovina J., Howell E., Kobayashi D.R., and Seki M.P. The transition zone chlorophyll front, a dynamic global feature defining migration and forage habitat for marine resources. Progress in Oceanography 49 (2001) 469-483
81. Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A., and Vetterling W.T. Numerical Recipes. second ed. (1992), Cambridge University Press, New York 818 pp
82. Pyper B.J., Mueter F.J., and Peterman R.M. Across species comparisons of spatial scales of environmental effects on survival rates of Northeast Pacific salmon. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134 (2005) 86-104
83. Rebstock G.A., and Kang Y.S. A comparison of three marine ecosystems surrounding Korean peninsula: responses to climate change. Progress in Oceanography 59 (2003) 357-379
84. Saito H., Tsuda A., and Kasai H. Nutrient and plankton dynamics in the Oyashio region of the western subarctic Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II 49 (2002) 5463-5486
85. Saitoh S., Iida T., and Sasaoka K. A description of temporal and spatial variability in the Bering Sea spring phytoplankton blooms (1997-1999) using satelite multi-sensor remote sensing. Progress in Oceanography 55 (2002) 131-146
86. Sasaoka K., Saitoh S., Asanuma I., Imai K., Honda M., Nojiri Y., and Saino T. Temporal and spatial variability of chlorophyll-a in the western subarctic Pacific determined from satellite and ship observations from 1997 to 1999. Deep-Sea Research II 49 (2002) 5557-5576
87. Schwing F.B., Bond N.A., Bograd S.J., Mitchell T., Alexander M.A., and Mantua N. Delayed coastal upwelling along the US west coast in 2005: a historical perspective. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO1 10.1029/2006GLO26911
88. Shiomoto A., Saitoh S., Imai K., Toratani M., Ishida Y., and Sasaoka K. Interannual variation in phytoplankton biomass in the Bering Sea basin in the 1990s. Progress in Oceanography 55 (2002) 147-163
89. Siegel D.A., Doney S.C., and Yoder J.A. The North Atlantic spring phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis. Science 296 (2002) 730-733
90. Siegel D.A., Thomas A.C., and Marra J. Views of ocean processes from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor mission: introduction to the first special issue. Deep-Sea Research II 51 (2004) 1-3
91. Smith, P.E., 1985. A case history of an Anti-El Niño to El Niño transition on plankton and nekton distribution and abundances. In: Wooster, W.S., Fluharty, D.L. (Eds.), El Niño North. Washington Sea Grant Program, Seattle, pp. 121-142.
92. Strass V., and Woods J.D. Horizontal and seasonal variation of density and chlorophyll profiles between the Azores and Greenland. In: Rothschild B.J. (Ed). Towards a Theory on Biological-Physical Interactions in the World Ocean (1988), Kluwer, Dordrecht 113-136
93. Strub P.T., and James C. Altimeter-derived surface circulation in the large-scale NE Pacific Gyres. Part 2: 1997-1998 El Niño anomalies. Progress in Oceanography 53 (2002) 185-214
94. Strub P.T., and James C. Altimeter estimates of anomalous transports into the northern California Current during 2000-2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8025 10.1029/2003GL017513
95. Suh Y.-S., Jang L.-H., Mitchell B.G., Kahru M., Prasad K., and Shin H.Y. Study on the Korean waters using the cal/val of the OSMI level 2 data. Korean Journal of Remote Sensing 18 (2002) 127-139
96. Sverdrup H.U. On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration du Mer 18 (1953) 287-295
97. Sydeman W.J., Bradley R.W., Warzybok P., Abraham C.L., Jahncke J., Hyrenbach K.D., Kousky V., Hipfner M., and Ohman M.D. Planktivorous auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus responses to the anomaly of 2005 in the California Current. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO9 10.1029/2006GLO26736
98. Tadokoro K., Chiba S., Ono T., Midorikawa T., and Saino T. Interannual variation in Neocalanus biomass in the Oyashio waters of the western North Pacific. Fisheries Oceanography 14 (2005) 210-222
99. Takeda S., and Tsuda A. An in situ iron-enrichment experiment in the western subarctic Pacific (SEEDS): introduction and summary. Progess in Oceanography 64 (2005) 95-109
100. Thomas A.C., and Brickley P. Satellite measurements of chlorophyll distribution during spring 2005 in the California Current. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22505 10.1029/2006GL026588
101. Thomas A.C., Strub P.T., and Brickley P. Anomalous satellite-measured chlorophyll concentrations in the northern California Current in 2001-2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8022 10.1029/2003GL017409
102. Venrick E.L. Phytoplankton seasonality in the central North Pacific: the endless summer reconsidered. Limnology and Oceanography 38 (1993) 1135-1149
103. Venrick E., Bograd S.J., Checkley D., Durazo R., Gaxiola-Castro G., Hunter J., Huyer A., Hyrenbach K.D., Lavaniegos B.E., Mantyla A., Schwing F.B., Smith R.L., Sydeman W.J., and Wheeler P.A. The state of the California Current, 2002-2003: tropical and subarctic influences vie for dominance. CalCOFI Rep 44 (2003) 28-60
104. Weise M.J., Costa D.P., and Kudela R.M. At-sea movement and diving behavior of male California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) during 2004 and 2005. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) L22SO10 10.1029/2006GLO27113
105. Wheeler P.A., Huyer A., and Fleischbein J. Cold halocline, increased nutrients and higher chlorophyll off Oregon in 2002. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 8021 10.1029/2003GL017395
106. Wilson C., and Coles V.J. Global climatological relationships between satellite biological and physical observations and upper ocean properties. Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005) C10001 10.1029/2004JC002724
107. Wroblewski J.S. A model of the spring bloom in the North Atlantic and its impact on ocean optics. Limnology and Oceanography 34 (1989) 1563-1571
108. Yamada K., Ishizaka J., Yoo S., Kim H., and Chiba S. Seasonal and interannual variability of sea surface chlorophyll a concentration in the Japan/East Sea (JES). Progress in Oceanography 61 (2004) 193-211
109. Yoder J.A., McClain C.R., Feldman G.C., and Esaias W.E. Annual cycles of phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations in the global ocean: a satellite view. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7 (1993) 181-193
110. Yoo S., and Kim H. Suppression and enhancement of the spring bloom in the southwestern East Sea/Japan Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 51 (2004) 1093-1111