New insights into the mechanics of sill emplacement provided by field observations of the Njardvik Sill, Northeast Iceland

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 173, Issue 3-4, 2008, Pages 280-288

  Burchardt, Steffi ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

mechanical layering; sill emplacement; sill geometry; stress field modelling

Indexed keywords

BASALT; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; STRESSES;

MECHANICAL LAYERING; SILL EMPLACEMENT; STRESS FIELD MODELLING;

VOLCANIC ROCKS;

EMPLACEMENT; INTERFACE; LAVA FLOW; MAGMA; NUMERICAL MODEL; RHYOLITE; SILL; STRESS FIELD;

EURASIA; EUROPE; ICELAND; NORTHERN EUROPE; SCANDINAVIA;

EID: 44149115684     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.009     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Anderson E.M. The dynamics of sheet intrusions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 58 (1938) 242-251
2. Anderson E.M. The Dynamics of Faulting and Dyke Formation with Applications to Britain (1942), Oliver and Boyd, London
3. Annen C., and Sparks R.S.J. Effects of repetitive emplacement of basaltic intrusions on thermal evolution and melt generation in the crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 203 (2002) 937-955
4. Auger E., Gasparini P., Virieux J., and Zollo A. Seismic evidence of an extended magmatic sill under Mt. Vesuvius. Science 294 (2001) 1510-1512
5. Barker D.S. Emplacement of a xenolith-rich sill, Lajitas, Texas. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 104 (2000) 153-168
6. Barton M., Ghidotti G., Holden P., Goodwin L., and Heizler M. Time-space evolution of a two-mica granite; the Birch Creek pluton, CA, USA. In: Brown M., and Piccoli P. (Eds). The Origin of Granites and Related Rocks. U. S. G. S. Circular vol. 1129 (1995) 18-19
7. Bell F.G. Engineering properties of soils and rocks (2004), Blackwell, Oxford 482 pp.
8. Benham P.P., Crawford R.J., and Armstrong C.G. Mechanics of Engineering Materials. 2nd ed. (1996), Prentice Hall, New Jersey
9. Bradley J. Intrusion of major dolerite sills. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 3 (1965) 27-55
10. Carmichael R.S. Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals (1989), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Boston
11. Chevalier L., and Woodford A. Morph-tectonics and mechanism of emplacement of the dolerite rings and sills of the western Karoo, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 102 (1999) 43-54
12. Dahm T. On the shape and velocity of fluid-filled fractures in the Earth. Geophysical Journal International 142 (2000) 181-192
13. de Saint-Blanquat M., Law R.D., Bouchez J.L., and Morgan S.S. Internal structure and emplacement of the Papoose Flat pluton: an integrated structural, petrographic, and magnetic susceptibility study. Geological Society of America Bulletin 113 (2001) 976-995
14. de Saint-Blanquat M., Habert G., Horsman E., Morgan S.S., Tikoff B., Launeau P., and Gleizes G. Mechanisms and duration of non-tectonically assisted magma emplacement in the upper crust: the Black Mesa pluton, Henry Mountains, Utah. Tectonophysics 428 (2006) 1-31
15. Egilsson D., Hardason B.A., and Jonsson B. Dynamic properties of rock. Yearbook of the Engineering Association of Iceland (1989) 226-233 (in Icelandic)
16. Francis E.H. Magma and sediment: 1. Emplacement mechanism of late Carboniferous tholeiite sills in northern Britain. Geological Society, London 139 (1982) 1-20
17. Glazner A.F., and Ussler W. Trapping magma at midcrustal density discontinuities. Geophysical Research Letters 15 (1988) 673-675
18. Glazner A.F., Bartley J.M., Coleman D.S., Gray W., and Tayler R.Z. Are plutons assembled over millions of years by amalgamation from small magma chambers?. G. S. A. Today 14 (2004) 10.1130/10525173(2004)013 <0004:APAOMO>
19. Goulty N.R. Emplacement mechanism of the Great Whin and Midland Valley dolerite sill. Journal of the Geological Society, London 162 (2005) 1047-1056
20. Gustafsson, L.E., 1992. Geology and Petrography of the Dyrfjöll Central Volcano, Eastern Iceland. Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe A, Band 138.
21. Hald N., and Tegner C. Composition and age of tertiary sills and dykes, Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland: relation to regional flood volcanism. Lithos 54 (2000) 207-233
22. Hansen D.M., and Cartwright J. Saucer-shaped sill with lobate morphology revealed by 3D seismic data: implications for resolving a shallow-level sill emplacement mechanism. Journal of the Geological Society, London 163 (2006) 509-523
23. Hoek E. Brittle fracture of rock. In: Stagg K.G., and Zienkiewicz O.C. (Eds). Rock Mechanics in Engineering Practice (1968), J. Wiley, London 99-124
24. Holness M.B., and Humphreys M.C.S. The Traigh Bhan na Sgurra Sill, Isle of Mull: flow localization in a major magma conduit. Journal of Petrology 44 (2003) 1961-1976
25. Horsman E., Tikoff B., and Morgan S. Emplacement-related fabric and multiple sheets in the Maiden Creek sill, Henry Mountains, Utah, USA. Journal of Structural Geology 27 (2005) 1426-1444
26. Hutton D.H.W. Granite sheeted complexes: evidence for diking ascent mechanism. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83 (1992) 377-382
27. Hyndman D.W., and Alt D. Radial dikes, laccoliths, and gelatine models. Journal of Geology 95 (1987) 763-774
28. Jaeger J.C., and Cook N.G.W. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics (1979), Methuen, London 515 pp.
29. Johnson A.M., and Pollard D.D. Mechanics of growth of some laccolithic intrusions in Henry Mountains, Utah. 1. Field observations, Gilberts model, physical properties and flow of magma. Tectonophysics 18 (1973) 261-309
30. Johnson G.A.L., and Dunham K.C. Emplacement of the Great Whin Dolerite Complex and the Little Whin Sill in relation to the structure of Northern England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 53 (2001) 177-186
31. Jones S.F., Wielens H., Williamson M.C., and Zentilli M. Impact of magmatism on petroleum systems in the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands, Nunavut: a numerical modelling study. Journal of Petroleum Geology 30 (2007) 237-255
32. Kavanagh J.L., Menand T., and Sparks R.S.J. An experimental investigation of sill formation and propagation in layered elastic media. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245 (2006) 799-813
33. Kerr A.D., and Pollard D.D. Toward more realistic formulations for the analysis of laccoliths. Journal of Structural Geology 20 (1998) 1783-1793
34. Larsen H.C., and Marcussen C. Sill-intrusion, flood basalt emplacement and deep crustal structure of the Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland. In: Storey B.C., Alabaster T., and Pankhurst R.J. (Eds). Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Break-up. Geological Society Special Publications vol. 68 (1992) 365-386
35. Lister J.R., and Kerr R.C. Fluid-mechanical models of crack-propagation and their application to magma transport in dykes. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth and Planets 96 (1991) 10049-10077
36. Logan D.L. A First Course in the Finite Element Method (2002), Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, USA
37. Maes S.M., Tikoff B., Ferré E.C., Brown P.E., and Miller Jr. J.D. The Sonju Lake layered intrusion, northeast Minnesota: internal structure and emplacement history inferred from magnetic fabrics. Precambrian Research 157 (2007) 269-288
38. Malthe-Sorenssen A., Planke S., Svensen H., and Jamtveit B. Formation of saucer-shaped sills. In: Breitkreuz C., and Petford N. (Eds). Physical Geology of High-Level Magmatic Systems. Geological Society, London, Special Publications vol. 234 (2004) 215-227
39. Mudge M.R. Depth control of some concordant intrusions. Geological Society of America Bulletin 79 (1968) 315-332
40. Mutter J.C., Carbotte S.M., Su W.S., Xu L.Q., Buhl P., Detrick R.S., Kent G.M., Orcutt J.A., and Harding A.J. Seismic images of active magma systems beneath the East Pacific Rise between 17-degrees-05′ and 17-degrees-35′S. Science 268 (1995) 391-395
41. Németh K., and Martin U. Shallow sill and dyke complex in western Hungary as a possible feeding system of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in "soft-rock" environment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 159 (2006) 138-152
42. Oddson, B., 1984. Geology and geotechnical behaviour of the young volcanic rocks of Iceland with emphasis on the effects of petrography. Ph. D. Thesis, ETH Zürich, Zürich (in German).
43. Palmer H.C., Ernst R.E., and Buchan K.L. Magnetic fabric studies of the Nipissing sill province and Senneterre dykes, Canadian Shield, and implications for emplacement. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44 (2007) 507-528
44. Pollard D.D., and Johnson A.M. Mechanics of growth of dome laccolithic intrusions in Henry Mountains, Utah. 2. Bending and failure of overburden layers and sill formation. Tectonophysics 18 (1973) 311-354
45. Roberts J.L. The intrusion of magma into brittle rocks. In: Newall G., and Rast N. (Eds). Mechanism of Igneous Intrusion. Journal of Geology Special Issue vol. 2 (1970), Liverpool Letterpress Limited, Liverpool 380 pp.
46. Rocchi A., Westerman S., Innocenti F., Dini A., and Tonarini S. Two-stage growth of laccoliths at Elba Island (Italy). Geology 30 (2002) 983-986
47. Ryan M.P. Neutral buoyancy and the structure of mid-ocean ridge magma reservoirs. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 22321-22338
48. Shirley D.N. Differentiation and compaction in the Pallisades Sill, New Jersey. Journal of Petrology 28 (1987) 835-865
49. Singh S.C., Crawford W.C., Carton H., Seher T., Combier V., Cannat M., Canales J.P., Dusunur D., Escartin J., and Miranda J.M. Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field. Nature 442 (2006) 1029-1032
50. Sinton J.M., and Detrick R.S. Midocean ridge magma chambers. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth 97 (1992) 197-216
51. Spence D.A., and Turcotte D.L. Magma-driven propagation of cracks. Journal of Geophysical Research 90 (1985) 575-580
52. Thomson K., and Hutton D. Geometry and growth of sill complexes: insights using 3D seismic from the North Rockall Trough. Bulletin of Volcanology 66 (2004) 364-375
53. Upton B.G.J., Rämö O.T., Heaman L.M., Blichert-Toft J., Kalsbeek F., Barry T.L., and Jepsen H.F. The Mesoproterozoic Zig-Zag Dal basalts and associated intrusions of eastern North Greenland: mantle plume-lithosphere interaction. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 149 (2005) 40-56
54. Valentine G.A., and Krogh K.E.C. Emplacement of shallow dikes and sills beneath a small basaltic volcanic center - the role of pre-existing structure (Paiute Ridge, southern Nevada, USA). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 246 (2006) 217-230
55. Vigneresse J.L., Tikoff B., and Améglio L. Modification of the regional stress field by magma intrusion and formation of tabular granitic plutons. Tectonophysics 302 (1999) 203-224
56. Walker G.P.L. Gravitational (density) controls on volcanism, magma chambers and intrusions. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 36 (1989) 149-165
57. Williams H., and McBirney A.R. Volcanology (1979), Freeman, San Francisco
58. Zienkiewicz O.C. The Finite Element Method (1977), New York, McGraw-Hill