Sound propagation in forests: A comparison of experimental results and values predicted by the Nord 2000 model

Applied Acoustics

Volumn 69, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 662-671

  Tarrero, A I ^a   Martin M A ^a   Gonzalez J ^b   Machimbarrena, M ^b   Jacobsen, F ^c  

^a EU Politécnica   (Spain)

^b ETS Arquitectura   (Spain)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Outdoor sound propagation; Scattering; Trees

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENT; ACOUSTIC WAVE SCATTERING; FORESTRY;

OUTDOOR SOUND PROPAGATION; SOUND ATTENUATION;

ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION;

ACOUSTICS; ATTENUATION; FORESTS; SCATTERING; TREES;

EID: 44049106902     PISSN: 0003682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.01.007     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. European Parliament and the Council. Directive 2002/49/EC, 2002.
2. .
3. Kragh J, Plovsing B, Storeheier SÅ, Taraldsen G, Jonasson HG. Nordic environmental noise prediction methods, Summary report. Denmark: Delta, AV 1719/01; 2002. Available from .
4. Chien C.F., and Soroka W.W. A note on the calculation of sound propagation along an impedance surface. J Sound Vib 69 2 (1980) 340-343
5. Attenborough K. Acoustical impedance models for outdoor ground surfaces. J Sound Vib 99 4 (1985) 521-544
6. Delany M.E., and Bazley E.N. Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials. Appl Acoust 3 2 (1970) 105-116
7. Eyring C.F. Jungle acoustics. J Acoust Soc Am 18 2 (1946) 257-270
8. Aylor D. Noise reduction by vegetation and ground. J Acoust Soc Am 51 2 (1972) 197-205
9. Aylor D. Sound transmission through vegetation in relation to leaf area density, leaf width, and breadth of canopy. J Acoust Soc Am 51 2 (1972) 411-414
10. Bullen R., and Fricke F. Sound propagation through vegetation. J Sound Vib 80 1 (1982) 11-23
11. Fricke F. Sound attenuation in forests. J Sound Vib 92 1 (1984) 149-158
12. Price M.A., Attenborough K., and Heap N.W. Sound attenuation through trees: measurements and models. J Acoust Soc Am 84 5 (1988) 1836-1844
13. Huisman W.H.T., and Attenborough K. Reverberation and attenuation in a pine forest. J Acoust Soc Am 90 5 (1991) 2664-2677
14. Watanabe T., and Yamada S. Sound attenuation through absorption by vegetation. J Acoust Soc Jpn 17 4 (1996) 175-182
15. Foldy L.L. The multiple scattering of waves. I. General theory of isotropic scattering by randomly distributed scatterers. Phys Rev 67 3-4 (1945) 107-119
16. Waterman P.C., and Truell R. Multiple scattering of waves. J Math Phys 2 4 (1961)
17. Leschnik W. Zur Schallausbreitung in bebauten und bepflanzen Gebieten. Acustica 44 1 (1980) 14-22
18. Martínez-Sala R., Rubio C., García-Raffi L.M., Sánches-Pérez J.V., and LLinares J. Control of noise by trees arranged like sonic crystals. J Sound Vib 291 (2006) 100-106
19. Umnova O., Attenborough K., and Linton C.M. Effects of porous covering on sound attenuation by periodic arrays of cylinders. J Acoust Soc Am 119 1 (2006) 278-284
20. Berg T. Nord 2000. Study of sound scattering in dense systems. SINTEF Report STF40 A98073; 1998.
21. Storeheier SÅ. Scattering effects in sound propagation outdoors. Scattering at terrain surfaces. SINTEF Memo 40 - No 970225, Sub-project 1997-10; 1997.
22. Storeheier SÅ. Scattering effects in sound propagation outdoors. Sound scattering in housing areas and forests. N2000 Sub-project 1997-10. SINTEF Memo 40 - No 970226; 1997.
23. ISO 9613-1 Acoustic - Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors. Part1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere; 1993.
24. Morse P.M., and Ingard K.U. Theoretical acoustics (1968), McGraw-Hill, New York (See Sec. 8.1.)
25. Plovsing, B. Personal communication.
26. Embleton T.F.W., Piercy J.E., and Daigle G.A. Effective flow resistivity of ground surfaces determined by acoustical measurements. J Acoust Soc Am 74 (1984) 1239-1244
27. Attenborough K. A note on short-range ground characterisation. J Acoust Soc Am 95 6 (1994) 3103-3108
28. Martens M.J.M., van der Heijden L.A.M., Walthaus H.H.J., and van Rens W.J.J.M. Classification of soils based on acoustic impedance, air flow resistivity, and other physical parameters. J Acoust Soc Am 78 3 (1985) 970-980
29. Salomons E.M. Computational atmospheric acoustics (2001), Kluwer Academic Publishers., Dordrecht (See Secs. 3.5 and 4.6.4.)
30. Ögren M, Jonasson H. Measurement of the acoustic impedance of ground. KFB Project 1997-0222, Nordtest Project 1365-1997. Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, SP Report 1998: 28 (1998).