Evolution of regional clusters in nanotechnology: Empirical findings from Germany

Nanotechnology Law and Business

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 501-524

  Henn, Sebastian ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT; PUBLIC POLICY; REGULATORY COMPLIANCE; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER;

CLUSTER FORMATION; REGIONAL CLUSTERS;

NANOTECHNOLOGY;

EID: 44049102720     PISSN: 15462080     EISSN: 15462080     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (134)

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29. H. Bathelt, Vom "Rauschen" und "Pfeifen" in Clustern: Reflexive Informations- und Kommunikationsstruckturen im Unternehmensumfeld, 59 GEOGRAPHICA HELVETICA 93 (2004) [hereinafter, Bathelt, Vom Rauschen].
30. See note 11, supra.
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32. Bathelt, Toward, supra note 11;
33. Bathelt, Vom Rauschen, supra note 11;
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35. H. Bathelt & G, Zeng, Von Ressourcenabhängigen, Unvernetzten Industrien zu Industrieclustern? Das Beispiel der südchinesischen Großstadt Nanning, 49 ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR WIRTSCHAFTSGEOGRAPHIE 1 (2005).
36. Bathelt, Geographies, supra note 14.
37. M. STORPER, THE REGIONAL WORLD: TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY 5 (1997).
38. Bathelt, Toward, supra note 11.
39. Bathelt, Toward, supra note 11;
40. H. Bathelt & J. Boggs, Towards a Reconceptualization of Regional Development Paths: Is Leipzig's Media Cluster a Continuationof or a Rupture with the Past?, 79 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 265 (2003).
41. M. STORPER & R. WALKER, THE CAPITALIST IMPERATIVE: TERRITORY, TECHNOLOGY, AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH (1989);
42. D. Fornahl & M.-P. Menzel, supra note 8
43. M. J. Enright, Regional Clusters: What We Know and What We Should Know, Paper Prepared for the Kiel Institute International Workshop on Innovation Clusters and Interregional Competition 12-13 (Nov. 2001);
44. T. Brenner, supra note 5;
45. R. Sternberg, New Firms, Regional Development and the Cluster Approach: What Can Technology Policy Achieve?, in INNOVATION CLUSTERS AND INTERREGIONAL COMPETITION 347-71 (J. Bröcker, D. Dohse & R. Soltwedel eds., 2003).
46. Sternberg, supra note 20.
47. Menzel, supra note 5.
48. Porter, Clusters, supra note 7.
49. For that reason the term of an unrelated concentration rather seems more adequate than the notion of a cluster, which usually implies an interrelatedness of the companies. See T. Padmore & H. Gibson, Modeling Systems of innovation II: A Framework for Industrial Cluster Analysis in Regions, 26 RESEARCH POL'Y 625 (1998);
50. A. Isaksen, Building Regional Innocation Systems: Is Endogenous Industrial Development Possible in the Global Economy?, 24 CANADIAN J. OF REGIONAL SCI. 101 (2001).
51. Bathelt, Toward, supra note 11.
52. T. Fleischer, Technikfolgenabschätzungen zur Nanotechnologie - Inhaltliche und konzeptionelle Überlegungen, 11 TECHNIKFOLGENABSCHÄTZUNG - THEORIE UND PRAXIS 112 (2002);
53. WGZ-Bank, Mikro- und Nanotechnologie. Branchenreport aus der Sicht des Kapitalmarktes (2002);
54. W. Luther et al., Nanotechnologie als wirtschaftlicher Wachstumsmarkt, Innovations- und Technikanalyse. Zukünftige Technologien 53, VDI-Technologiezentrum, Düsseldorf (2004).
55. For an elaborate discussion on the definition, see M. Decker, U. Fielder & T. Fleisher, Ich sehe was, was Du nicht siehst ... Zur Definition von Nanotechnologie, 13 TECHNIKFOLGENABSCHÄTZUNG - THEORIE UND PRAXIS 10 (2004).
56. G. Bachmann, Innovationsschub aus dem Nanokosmos. Technologieanalyse. Zukünftige Technologien 28, VDI-Technologiezentrum, Düsseldorf (1998);
57. Federal Ministry of Education and Research, [hereinafter "BMBF"] Germany, Nanotechnology Conquers Markets: German Innovation Initiative for Nanotechnology (2004), available at http://www.bmbf.de/ pub/nanotechnology_conquers_markets.pdf (last visited Dec. 3, 2007).
58. See id. At 6. This definition is used by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research which coordinates the support in the field of nanotechnology by order of the Federal Government of Germany.
59. Id.
60. S. Henn, Nanotechnologie in Deutschland: Unternehmenscharakteristika, Standorte und Entwicklungstrends, in Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (Ed.), Innovationsforum nanostrukturierte Materialien, Article on CD-Rom, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) (2003).
61. DG-Bank & GZ-Bank, In Fokus: Nanotechnologie in der Chemie (2001).
62. BMBF supra note 27.
63. Henn, supra note 30.
64. R. Sternberg & T, Litzenberger, Regional Clusters - Operationalisation and Consequences for Entrepreneurship (Univ. of Cologne, Working Paper 2003-02, 2003).
65. S. Henn, Regionale Cluster in der Nanoteehnologie. Entstehung, Eigenschaften, Handlungsempfehlungen Peter Lang, Frankfurt (2006).
66. The fact that the availability of venture capital is not as important as both of the other factors should not be contributed to a comparatively small need but rather to provisos to make use of it. DTA, Beteiligungsfinanzierung in Technologie-Unternehmen der neuen Bundesländer, Kurzfassung einer Studie des Fraunhofer-Instituts für Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung im Auftrag der tbg Technologie-Beteiligungs-Gesellschaft mbH der Deutschen Ausgleichsbank (1998), Wissenschaftliche Reihe 9, Deutsche Ausgleichsbank, Bonn et al.
67. BMBF, Thema: Beteiligungskapital, Gründerzeiten 21, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (2004).
68. B. Klagge, Regionale Kapitalmärkte, dezentrale Finanzplätze und die Eigenkapitalversorgung kleinerer Unternehmen. Eine institutionell orientierte Analyse am Beispiel Deutschlands und Großbritanniens, 91 GEOGRAPHISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 175 (2003);
69. B. Klagge, Finanzstandort Deutschland im Wandel? Rolle und Entwicklung des deutschen Risikokapitalmarktes, 148 PETERMANNS GEOGRAPHISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 18 (2004);
70. F. Welter & B. Lagemann, Untersuchungen des Rheinisch- Westfälschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung, Gründerinnen in Deutschland: Potenziale und institutionelles Umfeld 41 (2003);
71. L. Engelhardt, Das Fiasko des Neuen Marktes, WZB-Mitteilungen 105, 44-46 (2004).
72. The special consideration of these two regions primarily aimed at capturing the influence of different fields of technologies and institutional frameworks.
73. Unfortunately, there are substantial difficulties as for an empirical registration of these companies so that an exact number cannot be stated here.
74. For two reasons, the focus will be on the core nanotechnology companies in the following: on the one hand, the relation to nanotechnology of both distributors and further processing companies results from the existence of these firms; on the other hand, the supplier of equipment should be regarded as a special case for it is the only firm that - originally coming from catalysis techniques - gradually has developed into this field of technology (learning processes).
75. Deutscher Bundestag, Unterrichtung durch die Bundesregierung, Bundesbericht Forschung 2000. BT-Drucksache 14/4229 (2000);
76. BMBF, Bundesbericht Forschung, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (2004).
77. Interview S18. The identities of the interviewees must remain confidential. Accordingly, the author has assigned each interview subject a number for purposes of maintaining this confidentiality. INM GmbH, Die Technologiekompetenz, http://www.inm-gmbh.de/htdocs/technologien/main_de.htm (last visited Dec. 3, 2007);
78. INM GmbH, 3.2 Personal, http://www.inm-gmbh.de/htdocs/frame_de.htm (last visited Dec. 3, 2007).
79. Interview S13;
80. F. Frisch, Goldgräber im Zwergenreich, http://www.zeit.de/archiv/ 2002/08/200208_n-nanochemie_new.xml (last visited Dec. 3, 2007).
81. Interviews S1, S3, S4, S7, S13.
82. Interviews S4, S5.
83. Interviews S2, S13.
84. Interview S4.
85. Interviews S1, S2, S4, S5, S6, S7.
86. Interviews SI, S2, S3, S7, S8.
87. Interviews S2, S3.
88. Interview S4.
89. Interview S6.
90. Interview S8.
91. Interviews S1, S12.
92. Interviews S4, S7.
93. Interviews S2, S4.
94. Interviews S11, S20.
95. Interview S13.
96. G. Mischler, Revolution in Reich der Zwerge, Markt und Mittelstand 2-5 (Nov. 2003).
97. Interviews S1, S13, S15.
98. Interview S5.
99. Interview S7.
100. Interviews S1, S5, S6.
101. Interview S20.
102. Interviews S1, S12.
103. M. Mallmann, Interner Bericht für den Vorstand des NanoBioNet e. V. Nanobionet, Saarbrücken (2005).
104. Interview S16.
105. Nanobionet, Leitlinien zur Beantragung von Machbarkeitsstudien beim Verein Nanobionet e. V. Nanobionet e. V., Saarbrücken (2005).
106. At the time of the study, the considered companies had about 100 employees so that a doubling of staff numbers seems probable until 2007.
107. However, as to the reasons mentioned above, their number cannot be stated here.
108. It should be mentioned, however, that one single company has more than 6,000 employees.
109. Interview B3.
110. Interview B12.
111. Interview B5.
112. Interview B3.
113. Interviews B15, B16.
114. Interviews B2, B17, B18, B19.
115. Interview B20.
116. Interviews B4, B5, B10, B11.
117. Interviews B1, B24.
118. Interviews B6, B7, B8, B9.
119. Interview B10.
120. Interviews B3, B10, B15.
121. Interview B10.
122. Interview B14.
123. Interview B10.
124. Interview B21.
125. Interviews B4, B6.
126. Interview B4.
127. Interview B21.
128. TU Berlin, The TU Berlin PhD Programme, http://www.ips.tu-berlin.de/ MainFeatures.html (last visited Dec. 3, 2007).
129. Interviews B2, B4, B6.
130. Interview B25.
131. Interview B4.
132. Interview B21.
133. Raines, supra note 3.
134. Interview D6.