Evaluation of antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes Burm in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rats

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 305-314

  Nazam Ansari, M ^a   Bhandari, Uma ^a   Islam, F ^b   Tripathi, C D ^c  

^a HAMDARD UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b HAMDARD UNIVERSITY   (India)

^c SAFDARJUNG HOSPITAL   (India)

Author keywords

Cerebral ischemia; Embelia ribes; Middle cerebral artery occlusion; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; CHLORAL HYDRATE; EMBELIA RIBES EXTRACT; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; PLANT EXTRACT; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BRAIN INFARCTION SIZE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; EMBELIA; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ASSAY; EXTRACTION; FRONTAL CORTEX; GRIP STRENGTH; HIPPOCAMPUS; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN CONTENT; RAT;

ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; EMBELIA; ETHANOL; FRUIT; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; HAND STRENGTH; HIPPOCAMPUS; INFARCTION, MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; L-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE; MALE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT EXTRACTS; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; REPERFUSION INJURY; THIOBARBITURIC ACID REACTIVE SUBSTANCES;

EID: 44049098215     PISSN: 07673981     EISSN: 14728206     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00580.x     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Feigin V.L., Lawes C.M., Bennett D.A., Anderson C.S. Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol. (2003) 2 43 53.
2. Lipton P. Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol. Rev. (1999) 79 1431 1568.
3. Traystman R.J., Kirsch J.R., Koehler R.C. Oxygen radical mechanisms of brain injury following ischemia and reperfusion. J. Appl. Physiol. (1991) 71 1185 1195.
4. Margaill I., Plotkine M., Lerouet D. Antioxidant strategies in the treatment of stroke. Free Radic. Biol. Med. (2005) 39 429 443.
5. Ajitha M, Rajnarayana K. Role of oxygen free radicals in human disease. Indian Drugs. (2001) 38 545 554.
6. Flohe L. The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase, in : Dolphin D., Poulson R., Avramsvic O. (Eds Glutathione: chemical, biochemical and medical aspects, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989, pp. 634 731.
7. Liu P.K., Hsu C.Y., Dizdaroglu M. et al. Damage, repair and mutagenesis in nuclear genes after mouse forebrain ischemia reperfusion. J. Neurosci. (1996) 16 6795 6806.
8. Cui J., Holmes E.H., Greene T.G., Liu P.K. Oxidative DNA damage precedes DNA fragmentation after experimental stroke in rat brain. FASEB J. (2000) 14 955 967.
9. Cui J., Holmes E.H., Liu P.K. Oxidative damage to the c-fos gene and reduction of its transcription after focal cerebral ischemia. J. Neurochem. (1999) 73 1164 1174.
10. Ranjan A., Theodore D., Haran R.P., Chandy M.J. Ascorbic acid and focal cerebral ischaemia in a primate model. Acta Neurochir. (1993) 123 87 91.
11. Katz L.M., Callaway C.W., Kagan V.E., Kochanek P.M. Electron spin resonance measure of brain antioxidant activity during ischemia/reperfusion. Neuroreport (1998) 9 1587 1593.
12. Yoshida S., Abe K., Busto R., Watson B.D., Kogure K., Ginsberg MD. Influence of transient ischemia on lipid-soluble antioxidants, free fatty acids and energy metabolites in rat brain. Brain Res. (1982) 245 307 316.
13. Kinuta Y., Kikuchi H., Ishikawa M., Kimura M., Itokawa Y. Lipid peroxidation in focal cerebral ischemia. J. Neurosurg. (1989) 71 421 429.
14. Cooper A.J.L., Pulsinelli W.A., Duffy T.E. Glutathione and ascorbate during ischemia and post-ischemic reperfusion in rat brain. J. Neurochem. (1980) 35 1242 1245.
15. Rehncrona S., Folbergrova J., Smith D.S., Siesjo B.K. Influence of complete and pronounced incomplete ischemia and subsequent recirculation on cortical concentrations of oxidized and reduced glutathione in rats. J. Neurochem. (1980) 34 477 486.
16. Yue T.L., Barone F.C., Gu J.L., Feurstein G.Z. Brain alpha-tocopherol levels are not altered following ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in rats and gerbils. Brain Res. (1993) 610 53 56.
17. Tokuda Y., Uozumi T., Kawasaki T. The superoxide dismutase activities of cerebral tissues, assayed by the chemiluminescence method, in the gerbil focal ischemia/reperfusion and global ischemia models. Neurochem. Int. (1993) 23 107 114.
18. Ohtsuki T., Matsumoto M., Suzuki K., Taniguchi N., Kamada T. Effect of transient forebrain ischemia on superoxide dismutases in gerbil hippocampus. Brain Res. (1993) 620 305 309.
19. Guhabakshi D.N., Sensarma P., Pal D.C. A lexicon medicinal plants of India, Naya Prakashan, Calcutta, India, 2001, 135 pp.
20. Kapoor V.K., Chawla A.S., Kumar M., Kumar P. Anti-inflammatory agent in Indian laboratories. Indian Drugs (1983) 30 481 488.
21. Kirthikar K.R., Basu B.D. Indian medicinal plants, Vol. 2, Lalit Mohan Basu, Allahabad, India, 1987, 1479 pp.
22. Rao C.B., Venkateswaralu V. Vilangin a new constituent of Embelia ribes. Curr. Sci. (1961) 30 250 260.
23. Tyagi R.D., Tyagi M.K., Goyal H.R., Sharma K. A chemical study on Krmiroga. J. Res. Indian Med. (1978) 3 130 132.
24. Hordegen P., Cabaret J., Hertzberg H., Langhans W., Maurer V. In vitro screening of six anthelmintic plant products against larval Haemonchus contortus with a modified methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium reduction assay. J. Ethnopharmacol. (2006) 108 85 89.
25. Bhandari U., Kanojia R., Pillai K.K. Effect of ethanolic extract of Embelia ribes on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. Int. J. Exp. Diabetes Res. (2002) 3 159 162.
26. Bhandari U., Jain N., Pillai K.K. Further studies on antioxidant potential and protection of pancreatic β-cells by Embelia ribes in experimental diabetes. Exp. Diab. Res. (2007) 2007 1 6.
27. Ansari M.N., Bhandari U. Antihyperhomocysteinemic activity of ethanol extract of Embelia ribes in albino rats. Pharm Biol 2008) 46 283 287.
28. Longa E.Z., Weinstein P.R., Carlson S., Cummins R. Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats. Stroke (1989) 20 84 91.
29. Ali A., Pillai K.K., Vohora D., Ahmad F.J. Evidence of the antiepileptic potential of amiloride with neuropharmacolgical benefits in some rodent models of epilepsy and behaviour. Epilepsy Behav (2004) 5 523 530.
30. Kamimura T., Ikuta Y. Evaluation of sustained grip strength for a stroke patient with a mild paresis. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. (2002) 51 23 31.
31. Cramer S.C., Nelles G., Schaechter J.D., Kaplan J.D., Finklestein S.P. Computerized measurement of motor performance after stroke. Stroke (1997) 28 2162 2168.
32. Lum G., Gambino S.R. A comparison of serum Vs heparinised plasma for routine chemistry tests. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. (1974) 61 108 113.
33. Callow J., Hachinski V., Norris J.W., Moore R.W. Serum CPK, LDH and SGOT in stroke. Excerpta Med (1977) 427 2.
34. Utley H.C., Bernheim F., Hochslein P. Effect of sulfhydryl reagent on peroxidation in microsome. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1967) 260 521 531.
35. Islam F., Zia S., Sayeed I., Zafar K.S., Ahmad A.S. Selenium-induced alteration of lipids, lipid peroxidation, and thiol group in circadian rhythm centers of rat. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. (2002) 90 203 214.
36. Jollow D.J., Mitchell J.R., Zampagline N., Gillette J.R. Bromobenzene induced liver necrosis: protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3,4-bromobenzene as the hepatic metabolite. Pharmacology (1974) 11 151 169.
37. Wheeler R., Jhaine A.S., Elsayeed M.N., Omaye T.S., Korte J.W.D. Automated assays for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity. Anal. Biochem. (1990) 184 193 199.
38. Carlberg I., Mannerviek B. Glutathione reductase levels in rat brain. J. Biol. Chem. (1975) 250 5475 5480.
39. Habig W.H., Pabst M.J., Jakoby W.B. Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. (1974) 249 7130 7139.
40. Lowry O.H., Rosenbrough N.J., Farr A.L., Randall R.J. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. (1951) 193 265 275.
41. Joshi C.N., Jain S.K., Murthy P.S.R. An optimized triphenyltetrazolium chloride method for identification of cerebral infarcts. Brain Res. Protocols (2004) 13 11 17.
42. Kent T.A., Soukup V.M., Fabian R.H. Heterogeneity affecting outcome from acute stroke therapy: making reperfusion worse. Stroke (2001) 32 2318 2327.
43. Kontos H.A. Oxygen radicals in cerebral ischemia: the 2001 Willis lecture. Stroke (2001) 32 2712 2716.
44. Sugawara T., Chan P.H. Reactive oxygen radicals and pathogenesis of neuronal death after cerebral ischemia. Antioxid. Redox Signal. (2003) 5 597 607.
45. Mattson M.P. Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity. Trends Neurosci. (1998) 21 53 57.
46. Homi H.M., Freitas J.J.S., Curi R., Velasco I.T., Junior B.A.S. Changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of rat brain regions during early global transient ischemia/reperfuion. Neurosci. Lett. (2002) 333 37 40.
47. Slikker W., Youdim M.B., Palmer G.C., Hall E., Williams C., Trembly B. The future of neuroprotection. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (1999) 890 529 533.
48. Ishige K., Schubert D., Sagara Y. Flavonoids protect neuronal cells from oxidative stress by three distinct mechanisms. Free Radic. Biol. Med. (2001) 30 433 446.
49. Gali R.L., Shukitt-Hale B., Youdim K.A., Joseph J.A. Fruit polyphenolics and brain aging: nutritional interventions targeting age-related neuronal and behavioral deficits. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (2002) 959 128 132.
50. Mandel S., Yodium M.B.H. Catechin polyphenol: neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. Free Radic. Biol. Med. (2004) 37 304 317.
51. Dirnagl U., Iadecloa C., Moskowitz M.A. Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. (1999) 22 391 397.
52. Ginsberg M.D. Adventures in the pathophysiology of brain ischemia: penumbra, gene expression, neuroprotection: the 2002 Thomas Willis Lecture. Stroke (2003) 34 214 223.
53. Saleem S., Ahmad M., Ahmad A.S. et al. Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus) on neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in cerebral ischemia in rats. J. Med. Food (2006) 9 246 253.
54. Zhan C., Yang J. Protective effects of isoliquiritigenin in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Pharmacol. Res. (2006) 53 303 309.
55. Yousuf S., Salim S., Ahmad M., Ahmed A.S., Ansari M.A., Islam F. Protective effect of Khamira Abresham Uood Mastagiwala against free radical induced damage in focal cerebral ischemia. J. Ethnopharmacol. (2005) 99 179 184.
56. Fukui K., Omoi N.O., Hayasaka T. et al. Cognitive impairment of rats caused by oxidative stress. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (2002) 959 275 284.
57. Fukui K., Onodera K., Shinnkai T., Suzuki S., Urano S. Impairment of learning and memory in rats caused by oxidative stress and aging, and changes in antioxidative defense systems. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (2001) 928 168 175.
58. Stadtman E. Free radicals in the genesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (1992) 695 73 76.
59. Chan P.H., Schmidley H.W., Fishman R.A., Longar S. Brain injury, edema, and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen derived free radicals. Neurology (1984) 34 315 320.
60. McCord J.M. Oxygen derived free radicals in post-ischemic tissue injury. N. Engl. J. Med. (1985) 312 159 163.
61. Nakashima M., Niwa M., Iwai T., Uematsu T. Involvement of free radicals in cerebral vascular reperfusion injury evaluated in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model of rats. Free Radic. Biol. Med. (1999) 26 722 729.
62. Coyle I.T., Puttfarcken P.O. Oxidative stress, glutamate and neurodegenerative disorders. Science (1993) 262 689 695.
63. Bains J.S., Shaw C.A. Neurodegenerative disorders in humans: the role of glutathione in oxidative stress-mediated neuronal death. Brain Res. Rev. (1997) 25 335 338.
64. Rao A.M., Hatcher J.F., Dempsey R.J. Lipid alteration in transient forebrain ischemia: possible new mechanism of CDP-choline neuroprotection. J. Neurochem. (2001) 75 2528 2535.
65. Shivakumar B.R., Kolluri S.V., Ravindranath V. Glutathione and protein thiols homeostasis in brain during reperfusion after cerebral ischemia. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1995) 274 1167 1173.
66. Slivka A., Cohen G. Brain ischemia markedly elevates levels of the neurotoxic amino acid, cysteine. Brain Res. (1993) 608 33 37.