Active control of reactive resin flow in a Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process

Journal of Composite Materials

Volumn 42, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 1205-1229

  Johnson, R J ^a   Pitchumani, R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

Active control; Chemorheology; Induction heating; Permeability variations; Resin cure; Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; FLOW CONTROL; GELATION; INDUCTION HEATING; VISCOSITY;

FLOW LAG; RESIN VISCOSITY; RESIN WASTAGE; VACUUM ASSISTED RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING (VARTM); VOID ENTRAPMENT;

RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING;

EID: 43949100301     PISSN: 00219983     EISSN: 1530793X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0021998308091264     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Abraham, D. and McIlhagger, R. (1998). Experimental Investigation of Design Rules for Resin Gating and Venting Using the Vacuum Injection Technique, Polymers and Polymer Composites, 6 (7). 455-464.
2. Mathur, R., Advani, S.G. and Fink, B.K. (2003). A Real-coded Hybrid Algorithm to Determine Optimal Resin Injection Locations in the Resin Transfer Molding Process, Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 4 (5). 587-601.
3. Jiang, S., Zhang, C. and Wang, B. (2002). Optimum Arrangement of Gate and Vent Locations for RTM Process Design Using a Mesh Distance-based Approach, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 33A (4). 471-481.
4. Nielsen, D. and Pitchumani, R. (2001). Intelligent Model-based Control of Preform Permeation in Liquid Composite Molding Processes, with Online Optimization, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 32 (12). 1789-1803.
5. Nielsen, D. and Pitchumani, R. (2002). Control of Flow in Resin Transfer molding With Real-time Preform Permeability Estimation, Polymer Composites, 23 (6). 1087-1110.
6. Nielsen, D. and Pitchumani, R. (2002). Closed-Loop Flow Control in Resin Transfer Molding Using Real-time Numerical Process Simulations, Composites Science and Technology, 62 (2). 283-298.
7. Walsh, S. and Mohan, R. (1999). Sensor-Based Control of Flow Fronts in Vacuum-Assisted RTM, Plastics Engineering, 55 (10). 29-32.
8. Lawrence, J., Hsiao, K.T., Don, R.C., Simacek, P., Estrada, G., Sozer, E.M., Stadtfeld, H.C. and Advani, S.G. (2002). An Approach to Couple Mold Design and On-line Control to Manufacture Complex Composite Parts by Resin Transfer Molding, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 33 (7). 981-990.
9. Lawrence, J., Hughes, P. and Advani, S.G. (2006). Experimental Validation of Dependence Map based Control in Liquid Composite Molding, Journal of Composite Materials, 40 (13). 1137-1162.
10. Minaie, B. and Chen, Y.F. (2005). Adaptive Control of Filling Pattern in Resin Transfer Molding Process, Journal of Composite Materials, 39 (16). 1497-1513.
11. Heider, D., Graf, A., Fink, B. and Gillespie, J. (1999). Feedback Control of the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Process, SPIE Conference on Process Control and Sensors for Manufacturing. California, Vol. 3589, USA, pp. 133-141.
12. SMARTweave, U.S. Pat. No. 5,210,499: 1993.
13. Lee, C., Rice, B., Buczek, M. and Mason, D. (1998). Resin Transfer Molding Process Monitoring and Control, In: Proceedings of Internataional SAMPE Symposium, 43 (1). 231-242.
14. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2003). Enhancement of Flow in VARTM Using Localized Induction Heating, Composites Science and Technology, 63 (15). 2202-2215.
15. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2003). Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Composite Materials, California, USA: Paper# 0861.
16. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2006). Simulation of Active Flow Control Based on Localized Preform Heating in a VARTM Process, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 37 (10). 1815-1830.
17. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2004). Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Flow Processes in Composite Materials, Delaware, USA.
18. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2007). Flow Control Using Localized Induction Heating in a VARTM Process, Composites Science and Technology, 67 (3-4). 669-684.
19. Advani, S. (1994). Flow and Rheology in Polymer Composites Manufacturing, Elsevier, New York.
20. Parnas, R. (2000). Liquid Composite Molding, Hanser, Munich.
21. Ramakrishnan, B., Zhu, L. and Pitchumani, R. (2000). Curing of Composites Using Internal RESISTIVE heating, ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 122 (1). 124-131.
22. Han, C.D., Lee, S.D. and Chin, H.B. (1986). Development of a Mathematical Model for the Pultrusion Process, Polymer Engineering and Science, 26 (6). 393-404.
23. Opaliki, M., Kenny, J.M. and Nicolais, L. (1996). Cure Kinetics of Neat and Carbon-fiber-reinforced TGDDM/DDS Epoxy Systems, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 61 (6). 1025-1037.
24. Kamal, M.R. and Sourour, S. (1973). Kinetics and Thermal Characterization of Thermoset Cure, Polymer Engineering and Science, 13 (1). 59-64.
25. Incropera, F., DeWitt, D., Bergman, T.L. and Lavine, A.S. (2006). Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 6 th edn, Wiley, New York.
26. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2002). Proceedings of the 34th International SAMPE Technical Conference, Maryland, USA, 34(1): 250-261.
27. Guan, X. and Pitchumani, R. (2003). Viscous Fingering in a Hele-Shaw Cell With Finite Viscosity Ratio, ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering, 125 (2). 354-364.
28. Chan, A. and Hwang, S. (1992). Modeling Non-isothermal Impregnation of Fibrous Media with Reactive Polymer Resin, Polymer Engineering and Science, 32 (5). 310-318.
29. Anderson, D., Tannehill, J. and Pletcher, R. (1984). Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Hemisphere Publishing, New York.
30. Yarlagadda, S., Fink, B. and Gillespie, J. (1998). Resistive Susceptor Design for Uniform Heating During Induction Bonding of Composites, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 11 (4). 321-337.
31. Schaffer, J., Saxena, A., Antolovich, S., Sanders, T. and Warner, S. (1999). The Science and Design of Engineering Materials, 2 nd edn, McGraw-Hill, New York.
32. Johnson, R. and Pitchumani, R. (2008). Characterization of the Chemorheology and Cure Kinetics of a Carbon Nanotube Filled Epoxy Sytem, Submitted to Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing.