Thermal stabilities and flame retardancies of nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants based on bisphosphoramidates

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Volumn 93, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1037-1043

  Nguyen, Congtranh ^a   Kim, Jinhwan ^a  

^a Sungkyunkwan University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

ABS; Flame retardant; Organo nitrogen phosphorus; Phosphoramidate; Polycarbonate

Indexed keywords

ABS RESINS; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; FLAME RESISTANCE; POLYCARBONATES; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

BISPHOSPHORAMIDATES; LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX (LOI); ORGANO NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHORAMIDATE;

FLAME RETARDANTS;

EID: 43849108148     PISSN: 01413910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.024     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Lu S.-Y., and Hamerton I. Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers. Prog Polym Sci 27 (2002) 1661-1712
2. Horrock A.R., Kandola B.K., Davies P.J., Zhang S., and Padbury S.A. Developments in flame retardant textiles: a review. Polym Degrad Stab 88 (2005) 3-12
3. Levchik S.V., and Weil E.D. Overview of recent developments in the flame retardancy of polycarbonates. Polym Int 54 (2005) 981-998
4. Wang G.-A., Cheng W.-M., Tu Y.-L., Wang C.-C., and Chen C.-Y. Characterizations of a new flame-retardant polymer. Polym Degrad Stab 91 (2006) 3344-3353
5. Gaan S., and Sun G. Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen on flame retardant cellulose: a study of phosphorus compounds. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 78 (2007) 371-377
6. Aufmuth W., Levchik S.V., Levchik G.F., and Klatt M. Poly(butylene terephthalate) fire retarded by 1,4-diisobutylene-2,3,5,6-tetraxydroxy-1,4-diphosphine oxide. I. Combustion and thermal decomposition. Fire Mater 23 (1999) 1-6
7. Balabanovich A.I., Levchik G.F., and Yang J.-H. Fire retardant effect of 2-methyl-1,2-oxaphospholan-5-one 2-oxide in the PPO/HIPS blend. J Fire Sci 20 (2002) 519-530
8. Balabanovich A.I. Thermal decomposition study of 2-methyl-1,2-oxaphospholan-5-one 2-oxide. Thermochim Acta 409 (2004) 33-39
9. Murashko E.A., Levchik G.F., Levchik S.V., Bright D.A., and Dashevshy S. Fire-retardant action of resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) in PC-ABS blend. II. Reactions in the condensed phase. J Appl Polym Sci 71 (1999) 1863-1872
10. Levchik S.V., Bright D.A., Alessio G.R., and Dashevsky S. New halogen-free fire retardant for engineering plastic applications. J Vinyl Add Technol 7 (2001) 98-103
11. Jang J.-W., Kim J., and Bae J.-Y. Effects of Lewis acid-type transition metal chloride additives on the thermal degradation of ABS. Polym Degrad Stab 88 (2005) 324-332
12. Jang J.-W., Kim J., and Bae J.-Y. Synergistic effect of ferric chloride and silicon mixtures on the thermal stabilization enhancement of ABS. Polym Degrad Stab 90 (2005) 508-514
13. Jang B.N., and Wilkie C.A. The effects of triphenylphosphate and recorcinolbis(diphenylphosphate) on the thermal degradation of polycarbonate in air. Thermochim Acta 433 (2005) 1-12
14. Levchik S.V., and Weil E.D. A review of recent progress in phosphorus-based flame retardants. J Fire Sci 24 (2006) 345-364
15. Gao F., Tong L.-F., and Fang Z.-P. Effect of a novel phosphorous-nitrogen containing intumescent flame retardant on the fire retardancy and the thermal behaviour of poly(butylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab 91 (2006) 1295-1299
16. Pawlowski K.H., and Schartel B. Flame retardancy mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) in polycarbonate/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene blends. Polym Int 54 (2007) 1404-1414
17. Bright D.A., Dashevsky S., Moy P.Y., and Williams B. Resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate), a non-halogen flame-retardant additive. J Vinyl Add Technol 3 (1997) 170-174
18. Kim J., Lee K.-H., Lee K.-W., Bae J.-Y., Yang J.-H., and Hong S.-H. Studies on the thermal stabilization enhancement of ABS; synergistic effect of triphenyl phosphate nanocomposite, epoxy resin, and silane coupling agent mixtures. Polym Degrad Stab 79 (2003) 201-207
19. Costa L., Montelera L.R.D., Camino G., Weil E.D., and Pearce E.M. Flame-retardant properties of phenol-formaldehyde-type resins and triphenyl phosphate in styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 68 (1998) 1067-1076
20. Lee K.-W., Yoon K.-R., Kim J., Bae J.-Y., Yang J.-H., and Hong S.-H. Effect of novolac phenol and oligomeric aryl phosphate mixtures on flame retardance enhancement of ABS. Polym Degrad Stab 81 (2003) 173-179
21. Horacek H., and Grabner R. Advantages of flame retardants based on nitrogen compounds. Polym Degrad Stab 54 (1996) 205-215
22. Leu T.-S., and Wang C.-S. Synergistic effect of a phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant on engineering plastics. J Appl Polym Sci 92 (2004) 410-417
23. Li Q., Jiang P.-K., Su Z.-P., Wei P., Wang G.-L., and Tang X.-Z. Synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon on flame-retardant properties and char yield in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 96 (2005) 854-860
24. Camino G., Costa L., and Trossarelli L. Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers: thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate-pentaerythritol mixtures. Polym Degrad Stab 6 (1994) 243-252
25. Camino G., Costa L., and Trossarelli L. Study of the mechanism of intumescence in fire retardant polymers: part V - mechanism of formation of gaseous products in the thermal degradation of ammonium polyphosphate. Polym Degrad Stab 12 (1995) 203-211
26. Levchik G.F., Grigoriev Y.V., Balabanovich A.I., Levchik S.V., and Klatt M. Phosphorus-nitrogen containing fire retardants for poly(butylene terephthalate). Polym Int 49 (2000) 1095-1100
27. Campbell JR. Flame retardant resin compositions containing phosphoramides, and the method for making. U.S. Patent 63,88,045 B1; 2002.
28. Euen MC. Flame retardant polycarbonate-ABS polymer compositions. European Patent Application EP 1067153 A1; 2000.
29. Su W-C, Chiu Y-S. Process for preparing bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) resorcinol diphosphate. U.S. Patent 61,24,492 A; 2000.
30. Wilson B.N., Gordon I., and Hindersinn R.R. Phosphoramidates as reactive fire-retardant polymer modifiers. Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 13 (1974) 85-89
31. Weil E.D., Zhu W.-M., Patel N., and Mukhopadhyay S.M. A systems approach to flame retardancy and comments on modes of action. Polym Degrad Stab 54 (1996) 125-136
32. Levchik S.V., Dashevsky S., and Bright D.A. Studies on the mode of fire retardant action of aryl phosphates in engineering resins. Recent Adv Flame Retard Polym Mater 11 (2000) 164-178
33. Weil E.D., and Levchik S.V. Flame retardants for polystyrene in commercial use or development. J Fire Sci 25 (2007) 241-265