Emerging Viral Encephalitides in Dogs and Cats

Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 863-878

  Njaa, Bradley L ^a  

^a OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMANTADINE SULFATE; BORNA DISEASE VIRUS VACCINE; HENIPAVIRUS VACCINE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; VIRUS ANTIBODY; VIRUS VACCINE; WEST NILE VACCINE;

ANTIBODY DETECTION; AUTOPSY; AVIAN INFLUENZA; BORNA DISEASE; BORNA DISEASE VIRUS; CAT DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DOG DISEASE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; EPIDEMIC; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HENIPAVIRUS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTION; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H5N1; LABORATORY TEST; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; POPULATION RESEARCH; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SEROCONVERSION; SEROLOGY; SEROPREVALENCE; VACCINE PRODUCTION; VIREMIA; VIRUS CHARACTERIZATION; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS ISOLATION; VIRUS STRAIN; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VIRUS VIRULENCE; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

ANIMALS; CAT DISEASES; CATS; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, EMERGING; DISEASE RESERVOIRS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; UNITED STATES; ZOONOSES;

CANIS FAMILIARIS; RABIES VIRUS;

EID: 43849105077     PISSN: 01955616     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.03.006     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Wilkinson L. History. In: Jackson A.C., and Wunner W.H. (Eds). Rabies. 2nd edition (2007), Academic Press, Amsterdam 1-21
2. Smithburn K.C., Hughes T.P., Burke A.W., et al. A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine 20 (1940) 471-492
3. Brinton M.A. The molecular biology of West Nile virus: a new invader of the Western Hemisphere. Annu Rev Microbiol 56 (2002) 371-402
4. Komar N., Panella N.A., and Boyce E. Exposure of domestic mammals to West Nile virus during an outbreak of human encephalitis, New York City, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 7 4 (2001) 736-738
5. Lancotti R.S., Roehrig J.T., Deubel V., et al. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286 5448 (1999) 2333-2337
6. Bin H., Grossman Z., Pokamunski S., et al. West Nile fever in Israel 1999-2000 from geese to humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951 Dec (2001) 127-142
7. Komar N. West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv Virus Res 61 (2004) 185-234
8. Burt F.J., Grobbelaar A.A., Leman P.A., et al. Phylogenetic relationships of southern African West Nile virus isolates. Emerg Infect Dis 8 8 (2002) 820-826
9. Simpson V.R., and Kuebard G. A fatal case of Wesselsbron disease in a dog. Vet Rec 105 4 (1979) 329
10. Lichtensteiger C.A., Heinz-Taheny K., Osborne T.A., et al. West Nile virus encephalitis and myocarditis in wolf and dog. Emerg Infect Dis 9 10 (2003) 1303-1306
11. Buckweitz S., Kleiboeker S., Marioni K., et al. Serological, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical detection of West Nile virus in a clinically affected dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 15 4 (2003) 324-329
12. Read R.W., Rodrigue D.B., and Summers B.A. West Nile virus encephalitis in a dog. Vet Pathol 42 2 (2005) 219-222
13. Cannon A.B., Luff J.A., Brault A.C., et al. Acute encephalitis, polyarthritis, and myocarditis associated with West Nile virus infection in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 20 (2006) 1219-1223
14. Schwab S., Herden C., Seeliger F., et al. Non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in cats and dogs: an immunohistochemical study. J Comp Pathol 136 (2007) 96-110
15. Komar N. West Nile viral encephalitis. Rev Sci Tech 19 (2000) 166-176
16. Botha E.M., Markotter W., Wolfaardt M., et al. Genetic determinants of virulence in pathogenic lineage 2 West Nile virus strains. Emerg Infect Dis 14 2 (2008) 222-230
17. Anonymous. Update: West Nile virus activity-eastern United States, 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49 46 (2000) 1044-1047
18. Kramer L.D., and Bernard K.A. West Nile virus in the Western Hemisphere. Curr Opin Infect Dis 14 (2001) 519-525
19. Lindsey N.P., Kuhn S., Campbell G.L., et al. West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease incidence in the United States, 2002-2006. Vector -Borne Zoonotic Dis 8 (2008) 35-39
20. Available at:. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/wnv-vwn/nsr-rns_e.html Accessed March 10, 2008
21. Blackburn N.K., Reyers F., Berry W.L., et al. Susceptibility of dogs to West Nile virus: a survey and pathogenicity trial. J Comp Pathol 100 (1989) 59-66
22. Kile J.C., Panella N.A., Komar N., et al. Serologic survey of cats and dogs during an epidemic of West Nile virus infection in humans. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226 8 (2005) 1349-1353
23. Ozkul A., Yildirim Y., Pinar D., et al. Serological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) in mammalian species in Turkey. Epidemiol Infect 134 (2006) 826-829
24. Karaca K., Bowen R.A., Austgen L.E., et al. Recombinant canarypox vectored West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine protects dogs and cats against a mosquito WNV challenge. Vaccine 23 (2005) 3808-3813
25. Austgen L.E., Bowen R.A., Bunning M.L., et al. Experimental infection of cats and dogs with West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 10 1 (2004) 82-86
26. Bowen R.A., Rouge M.M., Siger L., et al. Pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection in dogs treated with glucocorticoids. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74 4 (2006) 670-673
27. Eaton B.T., Border C.C., Middleton D., et al. Hendra and Nipah viruses: different and dangerous. Nat Rev Mircobiol 4 1 (2006) 23-35
28. Murray K., Rogers R., Selvey L., et al. A novel Morbillivirus pneumonia of horses and its transmission to humans. Emerg Infect Dis 1 1 (1995) 31-33
29. Murray K., Selleck P., Hooper P., et al. A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans. Science 268 5207 (1995) 94-97
30. Westbury H.A. Hendra virus disease in horses. Rev Sci Tech 19 1 (2000) 151-159
31. Chua K.B., Bellini W.J., Rota A., et al. Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science 288 5470 (2000) 1432-1435
32. Westbury H.A., Hooper P.T., Selleck P.W., et al. Equine Morbillivirus pneumonia: susceptibility of laboratory animals to the virus. Aust Vet J 72 7 (1995) 278-279
33. Parashar U.D., Sunn L.M., Ong F., et al. Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia. J Infect Dis 181 5 (2000) 1755-1759
34. Epstein J.H., Rahman S.A., Zambriski J.A., et al. Feral cats and risk for Nipah virus transmission. Emerg Infect Dis 12 7 (2006) 1178-1179
35. Hooper P., Zaki S., Daniels P., et al. Comparative pathology of the diseases caused by Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes Infect 3 4 (2001) 315-322
36. Hooper P.T., Westbury H.A., and Russell G.M. The lesions of experimental equine morbillivirus disease in cats and guinea pigs. Vet Pathol 34 (1997) 323-329
37. Anonymous. Update: outbreak of Nipah virus-Malaysia and Singapore, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 48 16 (1999) 335-337
38. Westbury H.A., Hooper P.T., Brouwer S.L., et al. Susceptibility of cats to equine Morbillivirus. Aust Vet J 74 2 (1996) 132-134
39. Middleton D.J., Westbury H.A., Morrissy C.J., et al. Experimental Nipah virus infection in pigs and cats. J Comp Pathol 126 (2002) 124-136
40. Claas E.C.J., de Jong J.C., van Beek R., et al. Human influenza virus A/HongKong/156/97 (H5N1) infection. Vaccine 16 9/10 (1998) 977-978
41. Li K.S., Guan Y., Smith G.J.D., et al. Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia. Nature 430 (2004) 209-213
42. Horimoto T., and Kawaoka Y. Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 14 1 (2001) 129-149
43. Keawchareon J., Oraveerakul K., Kuiken T., et al. Avian influenza H5N1 in tigers and leopards. Emerg Infect Dis 10 12 (2004) 2189-2191
44. Songserm T., Amonsin A., Jam-on R., et al. Avian influenza H5N1 in naturally infected domestic cat. Emerg Infect Dis 12 4 (2006) 681-683
45. Butler D. Thai dogs carry bird-flu virus, but will they spread it?. Nature 439 (2006) 773
46. Leschnik M., Weikel J., Mostl K., et al. Subclinical infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in cats. Emerg Infect Dis 13 2 (2007) 243-247
47. Paltrinieri S., Spagnolo V., Giordano A., et al. Influenza virus type A serosurvey in cats. Emerg Infect Dis 13 4 (2007) 662-664
48. Thanawongnuwech R., Amonsin A., Tantilertcharoen R., et al. Probable tiger-to-tiger transmission of avian influenza H5N1. Emerg Infect Dis 11 5 (2005) 699-701
49. Klopfleisch R., Wolf P.U., Uhl W., et al. Distribution of lesions and antigen of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Swan/Germany/R65/06 (H5N1) in domestic cats after presumptive infection by wild birds. Vet Pathol 44 3 (2007) 261-268
50. Songserm T., Amonsin A., Jam-on R., et al. Fatal avian influenza A H5N1 in a dog. Emerg Infect Dis 12 11 (2006) 1744-1747
51. Kuiken T., Rimmelzwaan G., van Riel D., et al. Avian H5N1 influenza in cats. Science 306 (2004) 241
52. Rimmelzwaan G.F., van Riel D., Baars M., et al. Influenza A virus (H5N1) infection in cats causes systemic disease with potential novel routes of virus spread within and between hosts. Am J Pathol 168 1 (2006) 176-183
53. Maas R., Tacken M., Ruuls L., et al. Avian influenza (H5N1) susceptibility and receptors in dogs. Emerg Infect Dis 13 8 (2007) 1219-1221
54. Giese M., Harder T.C., Teifke J.P., et al. Experimental infection and natural contact exposure of dogs with avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis 14 2 (2008) 308-310
55. Thiry E., Zicola A., Addie D., et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in cats and other carnivores. Vet Microbiol 122 (2007) 25-31
56. Rott R., Herzog S., and Richt J.A. Borna disease. In: Coetzer J.A.W., and Tustin R.C. (Eds). Infectious diseases of livestock. 2nd edition vol. 2 (2004), Oxford University Press, Oxford (Oxfordshire) 1368-1372
57. Lundgren A.-L., and Ludwig H. Clinically diseased cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis have Borna disease virus-specific antibodies. Acta Vet Scand 34 (1993) 101-103
58. Lundgren A.-L. Feline non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. A clinical and pathological study. J Comp Pathol 107 (1992) 411-425
59. Lundgren A.-L., Johannisson A., Zimmermann W., et al. Neurological disease and encephalitis in cats experimentally infected with Borna disease virus. Acta Neuropathol 93 3 (1997) 391-401
60. Nakamura Y., Watanabe M., Kamitani W., et al. High prevalence of Borna disease virus in domestic cats with neurologic disorders in Japan. Vet Microbiol 70 (1999) 153-169
61. Kamhieh S., and Flower R.L.P. Borna disease virus (BDV) infection in cats. A concise review based on current knowledge. Vet Q 28 2 (2006) 65-73
62. Weissenböck H., Nowotny N., Caplazi P., et al. Borna disease in a dog with lethal meningoencephalitis. J Clin Microbiol 36 7 (1998) 2127-2130
63. Okamoto M., Kagawa Y., Kamitani W., et al. Borna disease in a dog in Japan. J Comp Pathol 126 (2002) 312-317
64. Bode L., and Ludwig H. Borna disease virus infection, a human mental-health risk. Clin Microbiol Rev 16 3 (2003) 534-545
65. Helps C.R., Turan N., Bilal D., et al. Detection of antibodies to Borna disease virus in Turkish cats by using recombinant p40. Vet Rec 149 (2001) 647-650
66. Kinnunen P.M., Billich C., Ek-Kommonen C., et al. Serological evidence for Borna disease virus infection in humans, wild rodents, and other vertebrates in Finland. J Clin Virol 38 (2007) 64-69
67. Huebner J., Bode L., and Ludwig H. Borna disease virus infection in FIV-positive cats in Germany. Vet Rec 149 (2001) 152
68. Coffey L.L., Crawford C., Dee J., et al. Serologic evidence of widespread Everglades virus activity in dogs, Florida. Emerg Infect Dis 12 12 (2006) 1873-1879